The article presents a process of collecting unstandardized toponyms, in particular urbanonyms (place names denoting objects located in the cadastre of the city), within the territory of two municipalities in the Czech Republic. The collecting process was performed in two phases by crowdsourcing, using a web map application created especially for this purpose. In the first phase (October 2019–September 2020) it was collecting as many unstandardized toponyms as possible. In the second phase (October 2020–January 2021) we focused on the degree of the knowledge of these toponyms among the population living within the studied territory. The interest on the side of the general public was surprising in both phases. In the first phase, over five hundred respondents submitted more than two and a half thousand place names, most of them during the first two weeks. More than nine hundred respondents actively participated in the second phase, thanks to which we received an average of 200 responses for each place name. As regards the motivation of the public, it was most often altruism, patriotism, and curiosity that stimulated them; in the second phase, the element of gamification, embedded into the map application, also had a positive effect. The collected data can be used, for instance, in the activities of local authorities in the process of standardization of place names or as reference data for maps used within the integrated rescue system.

Příspěvek se zabývá tzv. somatickými frazémy, jež jsou založeny na bázovém lexému ruka. Pro potřeby tohoto příspěvku bylo analyzováno užití jednoho konkrétního spojení, a to v rukou. Jazykový materiál pro excerpci poskytl archiv mluvených pořadů Českého rozhlasu, konkrétně zpravodajské pořady Rozhlasové noviny z roku 1977 a Ozvěny dne z roku 1997; pro porovnání byla využita i data z Českého národního korpusu z týchž let. Cílem je postihnout poměr doslovného a metaforického užití vybrané vazby, kvalitativně analyzovat sémantické profily, v nichž se vyskytuje, a identifikovat případný ideologický podtext.

The paper deals with the relationship between official and unofficial toponyms and its reflection in standardization process. The main attention is paid to the so-called semantic-motivational variants. On the one hand, their existence documents the development of toponymy, on the other hand, it complicates the fulfillment of basic onymic functions. Standardized toponymy should be based on commonly used names. If standardized toponyms show fundamental differences in the semantic-motivational component, they should be replaced by toponyms that are based on every-day use. If variants are also commonly used, there should not be an obstacle to standardize more forms.

This article deals with the role of cartography, maps and geoinformatics in studying unofficial toponyms. The research is based on the crowdsourcing project Živá jména (Technical University of Liberec, 2019–2022, https://mapy.fp.tul.cz/zivajmena), which focused on unofficial urbanonyms in the cities of Liberec and Stráž nad Nisou (municipalities in the northern part of the Czech Republic). In this context, the map fulfils three key functions: it is a source of information on unofficial toponyms, a tool for their active collection, and a tool for their effective presentation. Each function is discussed in detail, identifying challenges related to the technical and user aspects of collecting and managing toponymic material and the appropriate cartographic visualisation of names on the map.