Linkage disequilibrium (LD) is a useful parameter for guiding the accuracy and power of both genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) among different livestock species. The present study evaluated the extent of LD, persistence of phase and effective population size (Ne) for the purebred (Mediterranean buffalo; n = 411) and crossbred [Mediterranean × Jianghan × Nili-Ravi buffalo, n = 9; Murrah × Nili-Ravi × local (Xilin or Fuzhong) buffalo, n = 36] buffalo populations using the 90K Buffalo SNP genotyping array. The results showed that the average square of correlation coefficient (r²) between adjacent SNP was 0.13 ± 0.19 across all autosomes for purebred and 0.09 ± 0.13 for crossbred, and the most rapid decline in LD was observed over the first 200 kb. Estimated r² ≥ 0.2 extended up to ~50 kb in crossbred and 170 kb in purebred populations, while average r² values ≥0.3 were respectively observed in the ~10 and 60 kb in the crossbred and purebred populations. The largest phase correlation (R_{P, C} = 0.47) was observed at the distance of 100 kb, suggesting that this phase was not actively preserved between the two populations. Estimated Ne for the purebred and crossbred population at the current generation was 387 and 113 individuals, respectively. These findings may provide useful information to guide the GS and GWAS in buffaloes.

Focusing on service control factors, rapid changes in manufacturing environments, the difficulty of resource allocation evaluation, resource optimization for 3D printing services (3DPSs) in cloud manufacturing environments, and so on, an indicator evaluation framework is proposed for the cloud 3D printing (C3DP) order task execution process based on a Pareto optimal set algorithm that is optimized and evaluated for remotely distributed 3D printing equipment resources. Combined with the multi-objective method of data normalization, an optimization model for C3DP order execution based on the Pareto optimal set algorithm is constructed with these agents’ dynamic autonomy and distributed processing. This model can perform functions such as automatic matching and optimization of candidate services, and it is dynamic and reliable in the C3DP order task execution process based on the Pareto optimal set algorithm. Finally, a case study is designed to test the applicability and effectiveness of the C3DP order task execution process based on the analytic hierarchy process and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (AHP-TOPSIS) optimal set algorithm and the Baldwin effect.

In order to reduce the cost of manufacturing and service for the Cloud 3D printing (C3DP) manufacturing grid, to solve the problem of resources optimization deployment for no-need preference under circumstance of cloud manufacturing, consider the interests of enterprises which need Cloud 3D printing resources and cloud platform operators, together with QoS and flexibility of both sides in the process of Cloud 3D printing resources configuration service, a task-service network node matching method based on Multi-Objective optimization model in dynamic hyper-network environment is built for resource allocation. This model represents interests of the above-mentioned two parties. In addition, the model examples are solved by modifying Mathematical algorithm of Node Matching and Evolutionary Solutions. Results prove that the model and the algorithm are feasible, effective and stable.

With the continuous innovation of science and technology, the research and future development trends of intelligent robots have been attracting much attention. Among them, how to realize the quadruped robots to complete the delivered tasks in complex and changing environments has become the main direction of research in the future. Therefore, this design is based on relevant theoretical knowledge to design an intelligent environment-aware small quadrupedal robot that can work in complex environments. This design firstly analyzes the current status and trend of the research and development of quadrupedal robots and has a certain understanding of the content of the design and the objectives to be achieved. Through relevant information, the overall design program of the quadruped robot is determined. The mechanical structure of the quadruped robot is designed separately, and after the design of the mechanical parts structure is completed, the important parts are calibrated and calculated, and the relevant parts of the quadruped robot are analyzed statically. The designed quadrupedal robot realizes the compact and simple structure through simplified design, which is of certain reference significance to the research of quadrupedal robots.

To solve the safety problems of the plug and row caused by touching the water and mistakenly touching, which leads to the hidden danger of electricity for high-power electric heating equipment, charging type electric equipment and the life of the socket itself is reduced and the electricity is wasted, this paper proposes a design based on the orbital plug and row pressed to eject the plug and STC89C52 as the core of the wireless control smart socket, wireless communication control using NRF24L01 chip. Among them, this design mainly designs and analyzes the mechanical structure of the plug and combines the static theory to optimize the structure of the plug and realize its feasibility. Solid Works software is used to model the plug and row in three dimensions, and its mechanical components are analyzed statically to obtain a cloud diagram of the force and deformation of the cam structure of the plug and row under the load condition. Finally, the deformation cloud diagram of the socket under various working conditions is used to verify the rationality and feasibility of the wheel system structure in the socket. The design mainly uses the cam structure to press the pop-up and orbital disc socket, and the biggest features of this socket are safety, reliability, and economy.