Background: This review of studies on urinary incontinence (UI) was focused primarily on UI prevalence rates and associated factors across the adult lifecourse of Chinese women. UI is a urologic symptom that can have a significant impact on women's physical and mental health and quality of life. In addition, women with UI may experience socioeconomic burdens due to UI’s effect on their ability to work and function in society. Although researchers from many countries have reported prevalence rates and associated factors for UI, little is known about the prevalence of UI in China’s large female population. Language may act as a barrier to the inclusion of published studies in English-language journals. To overcome this barrier and to add to the global knowledge base about UI in women, the authors reviewed and discussed findings from epidemiological studies published in China and in Chinese language. Methods: The authors retrieved research studies from the Wanfang database using the following search terms: "Subject: (Female) × Subject: (Urinary incontinence) × Subject: (Prevalence) × Date: 2013 to 2019". Searches employed the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals and China Biology Medicine Database. The authors also used PubMed to search English-language studies published in Chinese journals on UI in Chinese women. Results: This literature review includes 48 articles published between January 2013 and December 2019. The overall UI prevalence rates reported in adult Chinese women ranged from 8.7 to 69.8%, representing 43–349 million women, respectively. For women aged 17–40 years, 41–59 years, and 60 years and older, prevalence rates ranged from 2.6–30.0, 8.7–47.7, to 16.9–61.6%, respectively. Significant associated factors for overall UI included age, body mass index, constipation, parity, and menopause. Despite the 17–40 age range being peak reproductive years, the literature revealed little focus on UI prevalence rates. For women aged 41–59 years, the main associated factors included those related to pregnancy and gynecologic diseases. For women 60 years and older, chronic diseases represented most of the associated factors. Conclusions: About 43–349 million Chinese women may experience UI. Many of the identified associated factors could be mitigated to reduce UI incidence and prevalence rates. Little is known about the prevalence rates and associated factors for UI among young (aged 17–40) Chinese women. Future research should investigate UI in young women to improve bladder health across their lifecourse.

Robust sex difference among humans regarding psychiatry- and pain-related behaviors is being researched; however, the use of female mice in preclinical research is relatively rare due to an unchecked potential behavioral variation over the estrous cycle. In the present study, a battery of psychiatry- and pain-related behaviors are examined under physiological condition in female C57BL/6J mice over different estrous cycle phases: proestrus, estrous, metestrous, diestrous. Our behavioral results reveal that there is no significant difference over different phases of the estrous cycle in social interaction test, sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, open field test, marble burying test, novelty-suppressed feeding test, Hargreaves thermal pain test, and Von Frey mechanical pain test. These findings implicate those psychiatry- and pain-related behaviors in normal female C57BL/6J mice appear to be relatively consistent throughout the estrous cycle; the estrous cycle might not be a main contributor to female C57BL/6J mice’s variability of behaviors.

First-year college students had exposure to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors that correlate with a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. Regarding to the modifiable lifestyle behaviors factors, this study investigated the prevalence and correlation of multiple lifestyle behaviors, anxiety and depression in a sample of Chinese first-year college students. Cross-sectional data were extracted from Residents eHealth app of health lifestyle behaviors survey from September to October 2019. Anxiety, depression, eating regular meals, consumption of snacks in-between meals, consumption of fruit, dessert and sugar-sweetened beverages, smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, consuming alcohol, physical activity, sedentary time were assessed by self-report. Socio-demographic including age, gender, education, family income, religion, and health condition were captured. Logistic regression was used to explore the association of multiple lifestyle behaviors, anxiety and depression. Totally 1,017 participants were included in the study. The prevalence of anxiety and depression (from mild to severe) were 40.3% and 45.3%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, religion (believe in Buddhism, OR = 2.438, 95%CI: 1.097–5.421; believe in Christian, OR = 5.886, 95%CI: 1.604–21.597), gender (Female, OR = 1.405, 95%CI: 1.001–1.971), secondhand smoke exposure (OR = 1.089, 95%CI: 1.001–1.184), and eating regular meals (OR = 0.513, 95%CI: 0.346–0.759) were associated with anxiety. Family income (OR = 0.732, 95%CI: 0.596–0.898), eating regular meals (OR = 0.641, 95%CI: 0.415–0.990), frequency of breakfast (OR = 0.813, 95%CI: 0.690–0.959), with a chronic disease (OR = 1.902, 95%CI: 1.335–2.712), and consumption of nocturnal snack (OR = 1.337, 95%CI: 1.108–1.612) were associated with depression. These results highlighted the need for early lifestyle behavior intervention, especially modifying diet patterns considering the background of religion, health condition, and social-economic status in first-year college students to improve their mental health.

Professional identity plays an important role in the long-term development of nurses, and it will change when public health emergency occurs. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors associated with the professional identity of nursing undergraduates in the epidemic of COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey design with convenience sampling was used. A total of 3,875 nursing undergraduates were recruited from seven universities across China from March to April 2020. A general information questionnaire was used to collect students’ information, and the Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nurse Students was used to survey their professional identity during the early and later stages of the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic. The score of professional identity in the later stage (59.49 ± 12.41) was higher than that in the early stage (56.96 ± 12.61). The stepwise regression indicated that several factors were associated with professional identity, including gender, residential area, major, impact of the epidemic on intention to work after graduation, reasons for choosing nursing major and students’ scores of professional identity in early stage. Nursing educators can utilize the positive impact of responding to public health emergencies to increase the professional identity of students. Meanwhile, educators should give those students with lower professional identity more targeted education to cultivate their professional identity after the occurrence of public health emergencies.