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Prof. Dr. Enrico Pira
University of Turin

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0 oncologia
0 Occupational medicine and health

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Journal article
Published: 03 July 2021 in Measurement
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Worker exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) is related with increased risk for lung cancer, so it is important to correctly assess it, through measurements of RCS. There are several methods for the uncertainty evaluation of the concentration of RCS measured by X-ray diffraction, however, none involves the calculation of the sensitivity coefficients of the mathematical measurement model. Hence, the aim of this research work is to propose an improved method, in which the sensitivity coefficients are calculated as partial derivatives of the model. The method was applied to four measurements campaigns in a factory, and the results seem to be comparable with those published in literature. It arose that for low concentrations the major contribution of uncertainty is due to the X-ray diffraction calibration line. This may mean that the minimum number of six calibration test filters, as suggested by the standards, is not sufficient, especially for low concentrations.

ACS Style

Rebecca Nebbia; Gianfranco Genta; Paolo Zuliani; Mario Patrucco; Enrico Pira; Maurizio Galetto. Measurement of respirable crystalline silica concentration by X-ray diffraction: evaluation of metrological performances. Measurement 2021, 183, 109839 .

AMA Style

Rebecca Nebbia, Gianfranco Genta, Paolo Zuliani, Mario Patrucco, Enrico Pira, Maurizio Galetto. Measurement of respirable crystalline silica concentration by X-ray diffraction: evaluation of metrological performances. Measurement. 2021; 183 ():109839.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rebecca Nebbia; Gianfranco Genta; Paolo Zuliani; Mario Patrucco; Enrico Pira; Maurizio Galetto. 2021. "Measurement of respirable crystalline silica concentration by X-ray diffraction: evaluation of metrological performances." Measurement 183, no. : 109839.

Meta analysis
Published: 15 June 2021 in La Medicina del lavoro
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We updated a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies to help clarifying the association between exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We conducted an updated search of the literature, and identified a total of 15 relevant publications, from which we extracted results from six non-overlapping studies. We performed random-effects meta-analyses for ever-exposure to glyphosate, dose-response, and risk of specific NHL subtypes The meta-RR for ever-exposure to glyphosate was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-1.24; I2 = 0%). The meta-RR for the highest category of exposure was 1.15 (95% CI 0.72-1.83; 3 studies). The meta-RR for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was 1.29 (95% CI 1.02-1.63; 4 studies), that for follicular lymphoma was 0.84 (95% CI 0.61-1.17), and that for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma was 1.33 (95% CI 0.65-2.70). There was indication of publication bias. This updated meta-analysis reinforces our previous conclusion of a lack of an association between exposure to glyphosate and risk of NHL overall, although an association with DLBCL cannot be ruled out.

ACS Style

Paolo Boffetta; Catalina Ciocan; Carlotta Zunarelli; Enrico Pira. Exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an updated meta-analysis: Exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. La Medicina del lavoro 2021, 112, 194 -199.

AMA Style

Paolo Boffetta, Catalina Ciocan, Carlotta Zunarelli, Enrico Pira. Exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an updated meta-analysis: Exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. La Medicina del lavoro. 2021; 112 (3):194-199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paolo Boffetta; Catalina Ciocan; Carlotta Zunarelli; Enrico Pira. 2021. "Exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an updated meta-analysis: Exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma." La Medicina del lavoro 112, no. 3: 194-199.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2021 in Applied Nursing Research
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Emotional exhaustion is the most important component of burnout syndrome, which is a threat to nurses' psychological well-being. The study investigated the impact of job demands - workload, cognitive demands, emotional demands, role conflict - and perceived leader-follower interaction frequency on emotional exhaustion among nurses. This study was conducted at three hospitals in northern Italy through an anonymous self-report questionnaire administered to 560 nurses. Multiple hierarchical regression was performed. Workload and role conflict were positively related to emotional exhaustion, whereas cognitive demands and perceived leader-follower interaction frequency were negatively related. Emotional demands displayed a non-significant relationship with emotional exhaustion. Further analyses were performed to comment on the unexpected outcome of cognitive demands. A critical role of the perception of “distance” in leader-follower relationships on burnout was found. This study provides novel insights into the relationship between job demands and burnout, and much needed empirical evidence on leader-follower relationships among nurses, pointing to the important role played by leader distance in nurses' well-being at work. Findings highlight the importance of training head nurses in managing their working relationship distance from their followers in order to help them soothing emotional exhaustion.

ACS Style

Giacomo Garzaro; Paola Gatti; Andrea Caputo; Fabiola Musso; Marco Clari; Valerio Dimonte; Claudio G. Cortese; Enrico Pira. Job demands and perceived distance in leader-follower relationships: A study on emotional exhaustion among nurses. Applied Nursing Research 2021, 61, 151455 .

AMA Style

Giacomo Garzaro, Paola Gatti, Andrea Caputo, Fabiola Musso, Marco Clari, Valerio Dimonte, Claudio G. Cortese, Enrico Pira. Job demands and perceived distance in leader-follower relationships: A study on emotional exhaustion among nurses. Applied Nursing Research. 2021; 61 ():151455.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giacomo Garzaro; Paola Gatti; Andrea Caputo; Fabiola Musso; Marco Clari; Valerio Dimonte; Claudio G. Cortese; Enrico Pira. 2021. "Job demands and perceived distance in leader-follower relationships: A study on emotional exhaustion among nurses." Applied Nursing Research 61, no. : 151455.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2021 in Viruses
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This observational study evaluated SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence and related clinical, demographic, and occupational factors among workers at the largest tertiary care University-Hospital of Northwestern Italy and the University of Turin after the first pandemic wave of March–April 2020. Overall, about 10,000 individuals were tested; seropositive subjects were retested after 5 months to evaluate antibodies waning. Among 8769 hospital workers, seroprevalence was 7.6%, without significant differences related to job profile; among 1185 University workers, 3.3%. Self-reporting of COVID-19 suspected symptoms was significantly associated with positivity (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.07, 95%CI: 1.76–2.44), although 27% of seropositive subjects reported no previous symptom. At multivariable analysis, contacts at work resulted in an increased risk of 69%, or 24% for working in a COVID ward; contacts in the household evidenced the highest risk, up to more than five-fold (OR 5.31, 95%CI: 4.12–6.85). Compared to never smokers, being active smokers was inversely associated with seroprevalence (OR 0.60, 95%CI: 0.48–0.76). After 5 months, 85% of previously positive subjects still tested positive. The frequency of SARS-COV-2 infection among Health Care Workers was comparable with that observed in surveys performed in Northern Italy and Europe after the first pandemic wave. This study confirms that infection frequently occurred as asymptomatic and underlines the importance of household exposure, seroprevalence (OR 0.60, 95%CI: 0.48–0.76).

ACS Style

Gitana Scozzari; Cristina Costa; Enrica Migliore; Maurizio Coggiola; Giovannino Ciccone; Luigi Savio; Antonio Scarmozzino; Enrico Pira; Paola Cassoni; Claudia Galassi; Rossana Cavallo; The Collaborative Group. Prevalence, Persistence, and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seropositivity in a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Northern Italy. Viruses 2021, 13, 1064 .

AMA Style

Gitana Scozzari, Cristina Costa, Enrica Migliore, Maurizio Coggiola, Giovannino Ciccone, Luigi Savio, Antonio Scarmozzino, Enrico Pira, Paola Cassoni, Claudia Galassi, Rossana Cavallo, The Collaborative Group. Prevalence, Persistence, and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seropositivity in a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Northern Italy. Viruses. 2021; 13 (6):1064.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gitana Scozzari; Cristina Costa; Enrica Migliore; Maurizio Coggiola; Giovannino Ciccone; Luigi Savio; Antonio Scarmozzino; Enrico Pira; Paola Cassoni; Claudia Galassi; Rossana Cavallo; The Collaborative Group. 2021. "Prevalence, Persistence, and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seropositivity in a Large Cohort of Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Northern Italy." Viruses 13, no. 6: 1064.

Case reports
Published: 20 April 2021
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We report a case of a 30 years old Indian sailor with microcytic anemia (Hb 9.9), persistent abdominal pain, emesis, dark stool, hyperchromic urine, latent jaundice and asthenia. Lead intoxication was confirmed (blood lead value of 102 µg/dL). The patient assumed Ayurvedic medicines in the previous months. Ayurveda is an ancient form of Indian traditional popular medicine aiming to re-establish health and body function through herbal preparations, heavy metals are often added. Our purpose was to treat the patient and to establish the source of poisoning. After testing blood and urine lead concentration of other 3 crew members and analyzing over than 150 products used on the ship professional exposure was excluded. We analyzed the two Ayurvedic drugs assumed by the patient with an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The patient underwent three chelation cycles with Calcium Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) while monitoring blood and urinary lead levels. The final blood lead level at discharge, after three chelation cycles, was 36.27 µg/dL. One of the two drugs contained extremely high concentrations of lead and mercury. The three different mixtures of this preparation showed lead concentrations of 12,638.54 mg/kg (Sample 2A), 23,043.02 mg/kg (Sample 2B), 21,352.97 mg/kg (Sample 2C); these levels are much higher than the highest values reported in literature for the indian soil (32 mg/kg). This case and similar cases raise the safety alert on complementary and alternative medicines; Ayurvedic medicine users should be carefully informed about potential risks and signs of poisoning.

ACS Style

Catalina Ciocan; Ihab Mansour; Alessandro Beneduce; Riccardo Corgiat Loia; Nicolò Milanesio; Michael Declementi; Alessandro Godono; Giacomo Garzaro; Enrico Pira. Lead poisoning from Ayurvedic treatment: a further case. 2021, 112, 162 -167.

AMA Style

Catalina Ciocan, Ihab Mansour, Alessandro Beneduce, Riccardo Corgiat Loia, Nicolò Milanesio, Michael Declementi, Alessandro Godono, Giacomo Garzaro, Enrico Pira. Lead poisoning from Ayurvedic treatment: a further case. . 2021; 112 (2):162-167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catalina Ciocan; Ihab Mansour; Alessandro Beneduce; Riccardo Corgiat Loia; Nicolò Milanesio; Michael Declementi; Alessandro Godono; Giacomo Garzaro; Enrico Pira. 2021. "Lead poisoning from Ayurvedic treatment: a further case." 112, no. 2: 162-167.

Review
Published: 12 March 2021 in Infrastructures
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Tunnelling and underground construction operations are often characterized by critical safety issues mainly due to poor visibility and blind spots around large vehicles and equipment. This can lead to collisions between vehicles or between vehicles and pedestrians or structural elements, causing accidents and fatalities. To improve the OS&H conditions, it is important to investigate the possible introduction of innovative techniques and technologies to reduce the occurrences and consequences of shared spaces (spaces used by both vehicles and pedestrians). For this reason, research was conducted to investigate the possible use of different technologies of anti-collision systems in tunnelling operations. First, to achieve this goal, an extensive review of the literature was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA statement to select the current techniques and technologies used by general anti-collision systems in civil and mining construction sites. Then, the operating principles, the relative advantages and disadvantages, combinations, and costs were examined for each of these. Eight types of systems and many examples of applications of anti-collision systems in underground environments were identified as a result of the analysis of the literature. Generally, it was noted that the anti-collision techniques available have found limited application in the excavation sites of underground civil works up to the present day, though the improvement in terms of safety and efficiency would be considerable.

ACS Style

Mario Patrucco; Enrico Pira; Salvatore Pentimalli; Rebecca Nebbia; Achille Sorlini. Anti-Collision Systems in Tunneling to Improve Effectiveness and Safety in a System-Quality Approach: A Review of the State of the Art. Infrastructures 2021, 6, 42 .

AMA Style

Mario Patrucco, Enrico Pira, Salvatore Pentimalli, Rebecca Nebbia, Achille Sorlini. Anti-Collision Systems in Tunneling to Improve Effectiveness and Safety in a System-Quality Approach: A Review of the State of the Art. Infrastructures. 2021; 6 (3):42.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mario Patrucco; Enrico Pira; Salvatore Pentimalli; Rebecca Nebbia; Achille Sorlini. 2021. "Anti-Collision Systems in Tunneling to Improve Effectiveness and Safety in a System-Quality Approach: A Review of the State of the Art." Infrastructures 6, no. 3: 42.

Meta analysis
Published: 23 February 2021
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Descriptive epidemiology identifies associations between environmental exposures and health effects that require results from methodologically stronger studies before causation can be considered. To critically review the methodology and results of Sentieri, a descripitive study on residence in areas with one or more industrial source of pollution. We systematically reviewed the literature quoted by Sentieri for the selection of health effects of nine types of pollution sources of a-priori interest. We also reviewed and meta-analyzed the results of the first report of Sentieri, that analyzed mortality in 44 polluted sites (PS), and 17 causes of deaths during 1995-2002. Among 159 study results quoted by Sentieri, 23.9 % were supportive of an association between residence near a pollution source and a health effect, 30.2 % were partially supportive, 10.7 % were not supportive, and 35.2 % were not relevant. Among 653 standardized mortality ratios for associations between PS-specific pollution sources and causes of death, 14.4% were significantly above 1.02, and 9.0% were significantly below 0.98. Among 48 meta-analysis, seven were significantly above 1.0, including five on exposure to asbestos. Sentieri exemplifies the limitations of descriptive environmental epidemiology studies, in which most hypotheses have limited prior support, most results do not show associations, data on potential confounders and other sources of bias are not available. Such studies tend to replicate well-known associations and occasionally can identify critical situations requiring more investigation, but cannot be used to infer causality either in general or in specific circumstances.

ACS Style

Catalina Ciocan; Nicolò Franco; Enrico Pira; Ihab Mansour; Alessandro Godono; Paolo Boffetta. Methodological issues in descriptive environmental epidemiology. The example of study Sentieri. 2021, 112, 15 -33.

AMA Style

Catalina Ciocan, Nicolò Franco, Enrico Pira, Ihab Mansour, Alessandro Godono, Paolo Boffetta. Methodological issues in descriptive environmental epidemiology. The example of study Sentieri. . 2021; 112 (1):15-33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catalina Ciocan; Nicolò Franco; Enrico Pira; Ihab Mansour; Alessandro Godono; Paolo Boffetta. 2021. "Methodological issues in descriptive environmental epidemiology. The example of study Sentieri." 112, no. 1: 15-33.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2020
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus, primarily transmitted through droplets, able to persist on different surfaces and in the air for several hours. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Health Care Workers should be considered a high risk profession. Beside social distancing rules and the proper use of Personal Protective Equipment, sanitization measures and ventilation system disinfection are essential to reduce viral transmission. This is the first Italian study aiming to assess the magnitude of environmental contamination in a COVID-19 non-Intensive Care Unit. In addition to ordinary cleaning procedures, surface and air samplings have been performed before and after the application of two different sanitization devices. Samples have been analyzed with Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction in order to find viral RNA. All samples obtained from surfaces and air before and after extra-ordinary sanitization procedures turned out negative for viral detection. These findings highlight the efficiency of ordinary cleaning procedures in guaranteeing a safer workplace. The adoption of additional sanitization protocols should be considered in order to further reduce environmental viral contamination.

ACS Style

Michael DeClementi; Alessandro Godono; Ihab Mansour; Nicolò Milanesio; Giacomo Garzaro; Marco Clari; Luca Fedele; Valter Passini; Carmela Bongiorno; Enrico Pira. Assessment of air and surfaces contamination in a COVID-19 non-Intensive Care Unit. 2020, 111, 372 -378.

AMA Style

Michael DeClementi, Alessandro Godono, Ihab Mansour, Nicolò Milanesio, Giacomo Garzaro, Marco Clari, Luca Fedele, Valter Passini, Carmela Bongiorno, Enrico Pira. Assessment of air and surfaces contamination in a COVID-19 non-Intensive Care Unit. . 2020; 111 (5):372-378.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael DeClementi; Alessandro Godono; Ihab Mansour; Nicolò Milanesio; Giacomo Garzaro; Marco Clari; Luca Fedele; Valter Passini; Carmela Bongiorno; Enrico Pira. 2020. "Assessment of air and surfaces contamination in a COVID-19 non-Intensive Care Unit." 111, no. 5: 372-378.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2020
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Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been the workers most likely to contract the disease. Intensive focus is therefore needed on hospital strategies that minimize exposure and diffusion, confer protection and facilitate early detection and isolation of infected personnel. To evaluate the early impact of a structured risk-management for exposed COVID-19 HCWs and describe how their characteristics contributed to infection and diffusion. Socio-demographic and clinical data, aspects of the event-exposure (date, place, length and distance of exposure, use of PPE) and details of the contact person were collected. The 2411 HCWs reported 2924 COVID-19 contacts. Among 830 HCWs who were at ‘high or medium risk’, 80 tested positive (9.6%). Physicians (OR=2.03), and non-medical services resulted in an increased risk (OR=4.23). Patient care did not increase the risk but sharing the work environment did (OR=2.63). There was a significant time reduction between exposure and warning, exposure and test, and warning and test since protocol implementation. HCWs with management postitions were the main source of infection due to the high number of interactions. A proactive system that includes prompt detection of contagious staff and identification of sources of exposure helps to lower the intra-hospital spread of infection. A speedier return to work of staff who would otherwise have had to self-isolate as a precautionary measure improves staff morale and patient care by reducing the stress imposed by excessive workloads arising from staff shortages.

ACS Style

Giacomo Garzaro; Marco Clari; Catalina Ciocan; Eugenio Grillo; Ihab Mansour; Alessandro Godono; Lorenza Giuditta Borgna; Veronica Sciannameo; Giuseppe Costa; Ida Marina Raciti; Fabrizio Bert; Paola Berchialla; Maurizio Coggiola; Enrico Pira. Covid-19 infection and diffusion among the healthcare workforce in a large university-hospital in northwest Italy. 2020, 111, 184 -194.

AMA Style

Giacomo Garzaro, Marco Clari, Catalina Ciocan, Eugenio Grillo, Ihab Mansour, Alessandro Godono, Lorenza Giuditta Borgna, Veronica Sciannameo, Giuseppe Costa, Ida Marina Raciti, Fabrizio Bert, Paola Berchialla, Maurizio Coggiola, Enrico Pira. Covid-19 infection and diffusion among the healthcare workforce in a large university-hospital in northwest Italy. . 2020; 111 (3):184-194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giacomo Garzaro; Marco Clari; Catalina Ciocan; Eugenio Grillo; Ihab Mansour; Alessandro Godono; Lorenza Giuditta Borgna; Veronica Sciannameo; Giuseppe Costa; Ida Marina Raciti; Fabrizio Bert; Paola Berchialla; Maurizio Coggiola; Enrico Pira. 2020. "Covid-19 infection and diffusion among the healthcare workforce in a large university-hospital in northwest Italy." 111, no. 3: 184-194.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2020
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Quality of working life has been shown to play a key role in reducing strain inside and outside the workplace, supporting the fulfillment of workers’ wellbeing and increasing workforce productivity. Van Laar et al. in 2007 developed the Work-Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) scale that was applied to several different work environments and translated into nine languages. We aimed to test and validate an Italian version of the WRQoL scale. A cross-sectional design was conducted to collect a sample of healthcare professionals (N=430) in 8 hospitals in the Northwest of Italy. Internal consistency of each scale was tested through Cronbach’s alpha. A Confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Independent samples t-tests and ANOVA were performed to determine whether the scores on the subscales differed according to various socio-demographic variables. A seven factors structure was confirmed (Control at work; General well-being; Home-work interface; Stress at Work; Job and career satisfaction; Working conditions; Employee Engagement; χ2=682.453, p<.001; χ2 and df(251) ratio=2.71; CFI=.90; RMSEA=.06; SRMR=.06). All subdimensions showed Cronbach’s alphas ≥ 0.70 but for Stress at Work (alpha 0.65). The subscales differentiated between groups of people according to several socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., profession, age, length of employment). The Italian version of WRQoL is a brief and sufficiently reliable tool that can contribute to a more complex and complete evaluation of the psychological well-being at work due to its multidimensionality. Overall, the use of this tool in occupational health practice, in addition to that of other instruments already available, should prove useful in monitoring workers’ well-being before and after interventions.

ACS Style

Giacomo Garzaro; Marco Clari; Francesca Donato; Valerio Dimonte; Nicola Mucci; Simon Easton; Darren Van Laar; Paola Gatti; Enrico Pira. Un contributo alla validazione della versione italiana della scala WRQoL per la valutazione della qualità di vita lavorativa. 2020, 111, 32 -45.

AMA Style

Giacomo Garzaro, Marco Clari, Francesca Donato, Valerio Dimonte, Nicola Mucci, Simon Easton, Darren Van Laar, Paola Gatti, Enrico Pira. Un contributo alla validazione della versione italiana della scala WRQoL per la valutazione della qualità di vita lavorativa. . 2020; 111 (1):32-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giacomo Garzaro; Marco Clari; Francesca Donato; Valerio Dimonte; Nicola Mucci; Simon Easton; Darren Van Laar; Paola Gatti; Enrico Pira. 2020. "Un contributo alla validazione della versione italiana della scala WRQoL per la valutazione della qualità di vita lavorativa." 111, no. 1: 32-45.

Meta analysis
Published: 24 February 2020
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We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies on the association between occupational exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). We conducted a systematic search of the literature, and identified 18 relevant publications, from which we extracted results from seven non-overlapping studies of NHL and three of MM. We performed random-effects meta-analyses for ever-exposure to glyphosate, dose-response, and risk of specific NHL subtypes. The meta-relative risk (RR) of NHL was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-1.21), that of MM was 1.04 (95% CI 0.67-1.41). The meta-RR of NHL for highest category of exposure was 1.49 (95% CI 0.37-2.61; 3 studies). The meta-RR for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was 1.31 (95% CI 0.93-1.75); that for follicular lymphoma was 0.82 (95% CI 0.93-1.70), and that for chronic lymphocytic leukemia was 0.85 (95% CI 0.20-1.49). There was indication of publication bias for studies on NHL. Our meta-analysis provided no overall evidence of an increased risk for both NHL and MM in subjects occupationally exposed to glyphosate. In secondary analyses we detected a small increase in risk for the category with highest level of exposure as well as for DLBCL. The evidence of publication bias suggests caution in the interpretation of the results.

ACS Style

Francesca Donato; Enrico Pira; Catalina Ciocan; Paolo Boffetta. Exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma: an updated meta-analysis. 2020, 111, 63 -73.

AMA Style

Francesca Donato, Enrico Pira, Catalina Ciocan, Paolo Boffetta. Exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma: an updated meta-analysis. . 2020; 111 (1):63-73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Donato; Enrico Pira; Catalina Ciocan; Paolo Boffetta. 2020. "Exposure to glyphosate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma: an updated meta-analysis." 111, no. 1: 63-73.

Chapter
Published: 11 February 2020 in Occupational Cancers
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Evidence-based risk assessment is needed to develop effective strategies for the prevention of occupational cancer. Cancer risk assessment is based on valid estimates of the dose–risk relationship, and on realistic estimates of exposure levels in different occupational settings. One example of classification that includes the possibility of nonlinear dose–risk relationships with a threshold is that developed by the European Commission. Occupational tumors do not differ clinically or pathologically from those of other origins and can be divided into two categories: neoplasms with a clearly identified cause linked to employment, and the larger group of tumors for which both occupational and nonoccupational causes are known. The diagnosis of occupational cancer, which is important not only from the clinical perspective, but also from a legal and compensation point of view, is complex and may satisfy specific diagnostic criteria, as illustrated by the example of malignant mesothelioma. Prevention of occupational cancer comprises primary interventions aimed at the elimination or containment of risk, as well as secondary and tertiary interventions aimed at the early identification of conditions that could result in illnesses or, if the disease is established, to contain its effects with early interventions that limit its progression and improve prognosis. The role of the occupational physician is crucial in these interventions.

ACS Style

Enrico Pira; Giacomo Garzaro; Catalina Ciocan; Paolo Boffetta. Occupational Cancer in the Practice of Occupational Medicine. Occupational Cancers 2020, 613 -618.

AMA Style

Enrico Pira, Giacomo Garzaro, Catalina Ciocan, Paolo Boffetta. Occupational Cancer in the Practice of Occupational Medicine. Occupational Cancers. 2020; ():613-618.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico Pira; Giacomo Garzaro; Catalina Ciocan; Paolo Boffetta. 2020. "Occupational Cancer in the Practice of Occupational Medicine." Occupational Cancers , no. : 613-618.

Review
Published: 23 December 2019 in BMC Cancer
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Background Formaldehyde, a widely used chemical, is considered a human carcinogen. We report the results of a meta-analyses of studies on the relationship between occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis according to international guidelines and we identified 12 reports of occupational populations exposed to formaldehyde. We evaluated inter-study heterogeneity and we applied a random effects model. We conducted a cumulative meta-analysis and a meta-analysis according to estimated average exposure of each study population. Results The meta-analysis resulted in a summary relative risk (RR) for NHL of 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.83–1.04). The cumulative meta-analysis suggests that higher RRs were detected in studies published before 1986, while studies available after 1986 did not show an association. No differences were found between different levels of occupational exposure. Conclusions Notwithstanding some limitations, the results of this meta-analysis do not support the hypothesis of an association between occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of NHL.

ACS Style

Simona Catalani; Francesca Donato; Egidio Madeo; Pietro Apostoli; Giuseppe De Palma; Enrico Pira; Kenneth A. Mundt; Paolo Boffetta. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of non hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019, 19, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Simona Catalani, Francesca Donato, Egidio Madeo, Pietro Apostoli, Giuseppe De Palma, Enrico Pira, Kenneth A. Mundt, Paolo Boffetta. Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of non hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2019; 19 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simona Catalani; Francesca Donato; Egidio Madeo; Pietro Apostoli; Giuseppe De Palma; Enrico Pira; Kenneth A. Mundt; Paolo Boffetta. 2019. "Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and risk of non hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis." BMC Cancer 19, no. 1: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2019
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We have developed a new tool, named Holistic Approach Risk Assessment (HOARA), to support occupational safety and health professionals (OSH) in risk assessment and management when evaluating the biomechanical load of healthcare workers. The primary aim of the HOARA is to support OSH in risk assessment and management of biomechanical hazards in healthcare facilities. This tool ensures a superior level of analysis by targeting independently various body compartments during all activities completed throughout the work shift. These include: head, neck, back and upper and lower limbs. For each body segment, ergonomic determinants were defined on the basis of previous literature, according to which task and job analyses were performed. Upon direct observation, ergonomic factors were given a score based on their temporal extent. Subsequently, action-body segment raw indices and weighted indices were calculated. Results of the application of the method are shown. Of note, a relational database was set up to improve its usability. From an occupational health perspective, the HOARA, integrated with other methods, is expected to allow a more effective management of human resources, especially when assigning workers to specific jobs or tasks. Overall, the HOARA will be instrumental in assessing the impact of fitness for work judgments on work organization and its resources, in compliance with the guidelines from the Società Italiana di Medicina del Lavoro (SIML).

ACS Style

Alessandro Baracco; Maurizio Coggiola; Davide Bosio; Ferruccio Perrelli; Giacomo Garzaro; Veronica Turcu; Enrico Pira. Whole body biomechanical burden of healthcare workers: proposal for a complementary risk assessment and management tool (HOARA). 2019, 110, 372 -388.

AMA Style

Alessandro Baracco, Maurizio Coggiola, Davide Bosio, Ferruccio Perrelli, Giacomo Garzaro, Veronica Turcu, Enrico Pira. Whole body biomechanical burden of healthcare workers: proposal for a complementary risk assessment and management tool (HOARA). . 2019; 110 (5):372-388.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro Baracco; Maurizio Coggiola; Davide Bosio; Ferruccio Perrelli; Giacomo Garzaro; Veronica Turcu; Enrico Pira. 2019. "Whole body biomechanical burden of healthcare workers: proposal for a complementary risk assessment and management tool (HOARA)." 110, no. 5: 372-388.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2019
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Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms whose aetiology is largely unknown. Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are potential risk factors for STS. To investigate the relation of 17 PCBs congeners, assessed in human plasma, with STS risk. We conducted a case-control study in Italy, including 52 STS cases and 99 hospital-based controls. Selected PCB were extracted by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and measured with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Odds ratios (OR), and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), were estimated through multivariate logistic regression models. The most frequently detected PCB congeners were 138, 170, 180 and 149 (detected in 40-77% of controls). The OR for the sum of all 17 PCB congeners was 1.20 (95% CI 0.50-2.92). In categorical analysis no consistent association was found for individual congeners and for groups based on Wolff’s classification or the degree of chlorination. For continuous estimates, borderline positive associations emerged for Wolff’s groups 2A (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.97-1.55), 2B (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.00-1.77, and 3 (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.96-1.49), for moderately (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.96-1.51) and highly (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99-1.41) chlorinated PCBs, and for congeners 170 (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.98-1.63), 180 (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.97-1.64) and 138 (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02-2.04). Most associations between PCBs and STS risk were not significant, but, given the limited sample size, we cannot exclude moderate associations.

ACS Style

Valentina Guercio; Francesca Donato; Claudio Pelucchi; Federica Verga; Valter Passini; Carlotta Galeone; Eva Negri; Giacomo Garzaro; Paolo Boffetta; Carlo La Vecchia; Alessandra Tavani; Enrico Pira. Plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and the risk of soft tissue sarcoma. 2019, 110, 342 -352.

AMA Style

Valentina Guercio, Francesca Donato, Claudio Pelucchi, Federica Verga, Valter Passini, Carlotta Galeone, Eva Negri, Giacomo Garzaro, Paolo Boffetta, Carlo La Vecchia, Alessandra Tavani, Enrico Pira. Plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and the risk of soft tissue sarcoma. . 2019; 110 (5):342-352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Valentina Guercio; Francesca Donato; Claudio Pelucchi; Federica Verga; Valter Passini; Carlotta Galeone; Eva Negri; Giacomo Garzaro; Paolo Boffetta; Carlo La Vecchia; Alessandra Tavani; Enrico Pira. 2019. "Plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and the risk of soft tissue sarcoma." 110, no. 5: 342-352.

Review
Published: 01 September 2019 in European Journal of Cancer Prevention
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We carryied out a meta-analysis of studies on exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Through a systematic search of the literature, we identified relative risks (RRs) for PCB exposure and NHL risk in 30 populations (10 occupational exposure, seven high environmental exposure, 13 without special exposure). We performed random effects meta-analyses for exposure to all PCBs, specific PCB congeners and risk of all NHL and NHL subtypes. The meta-RR for studies of occupational exposure, high environmental exposure, and no special exposure were 0.94 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84–1.03], 1.05 (95% CI: 0.94–1.16), and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.72–1.34), respectively, and the cumulative meta-RR was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.85–1.07). No positive associations were found for exposure to specific congeners, nor for NHL subtypes. The meta-RR for an increase of 100 ppb serum or fat PCB level was 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00–1.04). There was weak indication of publication bias. Our meta-analysis found no association between PCB exposure and NHL risk, in particular in studies of occupational exposures. We detected a weak dose-response relation; the possibility of residual confounding and other sources of bias cannot be ruled out. PCBs are not likely to cause NHL in humans.

ACS Style

Simona Catalani; Francesca Donato; Cesare Tomasi; Enrico Pira; Pietro Apostoli; Paolo Boffetta. Occupational and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology studies. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 2019, 28, 441 -450.

AMA Style

Simona Catalani, Francesca Donato, Cesare Tomasi, Enrico Pira, Pietro Apostoli, Paolo Boffetta. Occupational and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology studies. European Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2019; 28 (5):441-450.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simona Catalani; Francesca Donato; Cesare Tomasi; Enrico Pira; Pietro Apostoli; Paolo Boffetta. 2019. "Occupational and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology studies." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 28, no. 5: 441-450.

Multicenter study
Published: 09 August 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study aimed to evaluate the association between personal and job characteristics and the risk of upper limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among operating room nurses (ORNs). To this end, we collected data from 148 ORNs working at 8 Italian hospitals and measured any upper limb disabilities experienced in the previous year using the Italian version of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire. The associations between personal and job characteristics and risk of upper limb WMSDs were estimated by unconditional logistic regression models. The prevalence of upper limb WMSDs was 45.9%. Multivariate analysis showed the “female gender” and “monthly hours spent working as a scrub nurse” to be directly associated with a higher DASH score (adjusted OR for gender = 5.37, 95% CI: 1.65–17.51, p < 0.01; adjusted OR for monthly hours as scrub nurse = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.33–7.19, p < 0.01). Overall, our findings indicate that a full-time job (>120 h/month) as a scrub nurse significantly increases the risk of developing upper limb WMSDs among female ORNs. Thus, to reduce such risk in this particularly sensitive population, we recommend urgent implementation of ergonomic interventions on surgical equipment alongside job rotation and medical surveillance programs.

ACS Style

Marco Clari; Giacomo Garzaro; Matteo Di Maso; Francesca Donato; Alessandro Godono; Mario Paleologo; Valerio Dimonte; Enrico Pira. Upper Limb Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Operating Room Nurses: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2844 .

AMA Style

Marco Clari, Giacomo Garzaro, Matteo Di Maso, Francesca Donato, Alessandro Godono, Mario Paleologo, Valerio Dimonte, Enrico Pira. Upper Limb Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Operating Room Nurses: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (16):2844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Clari; Giacomo Garzaro; Matteo Di Maso; Francesca Donato; Alessandro Godono; Mario Paleologo; Valerio Dimonte; Enrico Pira. 2019. "Upper Limb Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Operating Room Nurses: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2844.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Bank employees, especially video display terminal (VDT) operators, are constantly exposed to various occupational risks, such as the adoption of awkward postures, repetitive finger movements, and utilization of software with poor usability, which may lead to computer visual syndrome, tension headache, lower back pain, and/or stress, which compromises their overall health and work ability (WA). Thus, in this cross-sectional study, we aimed to establish that the determinants among socio-demographic, lifestyle, and occupational characteristics are associated with impaired WA in bank VDT operators. To this end, we administered a set of socio-demographic, lifestyle, occupational, and Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaires to 2077 Italian bank VDT operators. Univariate linear regression models reveal that their mean WAI score is inversely associated with gender, age, dependent family members, and a part-time job, whereas it is directly associated with the educational level and physical activity. In addition, multivariate analysis shows that their mean WAI score is inversely associated with age and a part-time job, but was directly associated with the educational level, the marital status, and physical activity. Overall, VDT operators working in Italian banks display high WA even though this latter tends to decline with aging. In light of the progressive aging of the workforce in Italy, our results provide the rationale for the design of interventions aimed to mitigate the detrimental effects of aging on WA of bank VDT operators.

ACS Style

Giacomo Garzaro; Ilaria Sottimano; Matteo Di Maso; Enrico Bergamaschi; Maurizio Coggiola; Daniela Converso; Sergio Iavicoli; Enrico Pira; Sara Viotti. Work Ability among Italian Bank Video Display Terminal Operators: Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle, and Occupational Correlates. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1653 .

AMA Style

Giacomo Garzaro, Ilaria Sottimano, Matteo Di Maso, Enrico Bergamaschi, Maurizio Coggiola, Daniela Converso, Sergio Iavicoli, Enrico Pira, Sara Viotti. Work Ability among Italian Bank Video Display Terminal Operators: Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle, and Occupational Correlates. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (9):1653.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giacomo Garzaro; Ilaria Sottimano; Matteo Di Maso; Enrico Bergamaschi; Maurizio Coggiola; Daniela Converso; Sergio Iavicoli; Enrico Pira; Sara Viotti. 2019. "Work Ability among Italian Bank Video Display Terminal Operators: Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle, and Occupational Correlates." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9: 1653.

Review
Published: 15 April 2019 in International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
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A ‘risk reversal’ has been observed for several human carcinogens following cessation of exposure, but it is unclear whether it also exists for asbestos-related mesothelioma. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and identified nine studies that reported information on risk of mesothelioma after cessation of asbestos exposure, and performed a meta-regression based on random effects models. As comparison we analyzed results on lung cancer risk from four of these studies. A total of six risk estimates from five studies were included in the meta-analysis. The summary relative risk (RR) of mesothelioma for 10-year interval since cessation of exposure was 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–1.19; p-heterogeneity 0.01]. The corresponding RR of lung cancer was 0.91 (95% CI 0.84–0.98). This analysis provides evidence that the risk of mesothelioma does not decrease after cessation of asbestos exposure, while lung cancer risk does.

ACS Style

Paolo Boffetta; Francesca Donato; Enrico Pira; Hung N. Luu; Carlo La Vecchia. Risk of mesothelioma after cessation of asbestos exposure: a systematic review and meta-regression. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2019, 92, 949 -957.

AMA Style

Paolo Boffetta, Francesca Donato, Enrico Pira, Hung N. Luu, Carlo La Vecchia. Risk of mesothelioma after cessation of asbestos exposure: a systematic review and meta-regression. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 2019; 92 (7):949-957.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paolo Boffetta; Francesca Donato; Enrico Pira; Hung N. Luu; Carlo La Vecchia. 2019. "Risk of mesothelioma after cessation of asbestos exposure: a systematic review and meta-regression." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 92, no. 7: 949-957.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2019 in Sigurnost
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SUMMARY: Public and private sector organizations worldwide are increasingly concerned with improving occupational safety and health (OSH) and increasingly seek skilled OSH professionals. Becoming an OSH professional requires a multidisciplinary training. Since 2012, the University of Turin, along with the International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization (ITC-ILO), the International Labour Office (ILO) and the International Commission of Occupational Health (ICOH) collected this challenge and opened a master course in OSH. The aim is to assess the consistency and effectiveness of the emerging educational proposal. The proposed programme is opened to participants from both developing and developed countries. Besides a preparatory Internet-based Distance Learning Phase, enabling participants with different backgrounds to reach an adequate level of knowledge, this one-year programme includes a residential period, followed by another distance phase for the preparation of the dissertation. Residential Phase of Turin includes classroom training, study visits to selected enterprises and related training sessions. From 2007 to 2018 more than 300 participants applied first to the Postgraduate course and then to the Master in OSH, with variable occupational backgrounds such as public institutions, private companies and Universities. 65,7% (SD 8,1%) of the participants were enrolled to the Residential Phase, with a mean age of 38 years (SD 7,4), 55,9% (SD 5,2%) achieved the Master Degree. Different evaluation strategies were used. The average satisfaction survey score was high (4,28; SD 0,67). At the end of the training period, participants learnt to manage the use of OSH procedures and techniques and health management systems. The results of the profit and satisfaction questionnaires demonstrate the effectiveness of the course.

ACS Style

Davide Bosio; Enrico Pira; Félix Martín Daza; Daniela Trombetta; Enrico Bergamaschi; Giacomo Garzaro. Emerging needs in OSH. Sigurnost 2019, 60, 321 -333.

AMA Style

Davide Bosio, Enrico Pira, Félix Martín Daza, Daniela Trombetta, Enrico Bergamaschi, Giacomo Garzaro. Emerging needs in OSH. Sigurnost. 2019; 60 (4):321-333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Davide Bosio; Enrico Pira; Félix Martín Daza; Daniela Trombetta; Enrico Bergamaschi; Giacomo Garzaro. 2019. "Emerging needs in OSH." Sigurnost 60, no. 4: 321-333.