Aim: Radiation-induced mucositis is an early effect of head and neck radiotherapy. Mucositis can cause ulcers, and patients may experience pain and dysphasia which need treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of pure natural honey on radiation induced mucositis. Methods and Materials: In this randomized single blind (examiner blind) clinical trial 40 patients with head and neck cancer requiring radiation to the oropharyngeal mucosa were randomly assigned to two groups. Twenty patients assigned to the study group received honey, while both the study and control groups received standard head and neck radiation therapy based on a standard protocol. In the study group patients were instructed to take 20 ml of honey 15 minutes before radiation therapy, then again at intervals of 15 minutes and six hours after radiation. In the control group patients were instructed to rinse with 20 ml of saline before and after radiation. Patients were evaluated weekly for progression of mucositis using the Oral Mucositis Assessing Scale (OMAS). Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Friedman tests. Results: A significant reduction in mucositis among honey-received patients compared with controls (p=0.000) occurred. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study the results showed the application of natural honey is effective in managing radiation induced mucositis. Clinical Significance: Natural honey is a product with rich nutritional qualities that could be a pleasant, simple, and economic modality for the management of radiation mucositis. Citation: Motallebnejad M, Akram S, Moghadamnia A, Moulana Z, Omidi S. The Effect of Topical Application of Pure Honey on Radiation-induced Mucositis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:040-047.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the systemic disease which is show important oral manifestation and influence oral health. This study describes how diabetes mellitus affects oral health and oral health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health and oral health-related quality of life of diabetic patients and compare the discriminative capability of Persian versions of two GOHAI and OHIP-14 questionnaires in these patients. Methods: A total of 350 patients with Type II diabetes mellitus, referring to the Diabetes Clinic, were selected and data were collected by GOHAI and OHIP-14 questionnaires completed by patients and clinical examinations. Oral health parameters (CAL,BI,GI,PLI,DMFT and xerostomia) were measured, also concurrent validity and conformity of two questionnaires were assessed. In order to test Discriminant analysis capabilities of two questionnaires, ADD and SC scores of questionnaires were divided into two parts and a logistic regression model was designed, which included subjective and objective variables. Results: Mean patients age was 55 years (with 75.4% female patients). The results showed that some oral conditions such as xerostomia, clinical attachment loss, number of missing teeth and plaque index were correlated to diabetes control level (HbA1c) and type of anti-diabetic medication. ADD and SC scores of two questionnaires were at high level. However, the effect of oral problems on decreasing OHRQoL was evident. Both questionnaires had acceptable concurrent validity and conformity. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between GOHAI and OHIP-14. OHIP-14 questionnaire had a higher discriminant analysis capability compared to GOHAI and better diagnosed patients who needed dental treatments: patients with higher GI, xerostomia and those wearing partial dentures. Conclusion: Diabetic patients did not show acceptable oral health status and in some extent, oral problems affected oral health-related quality of life. Psychotherapy courses and solving oral problems of the patients can improve OHRQoL. OHIP-14 had higher discriminant analysis capability and was more effective in diagnosing oral problems.

Background and purpose of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cinnamaldehyde on mucositis and salivary total antioxidant capacity in gamma-irradiated rats. Methods: The study was conducted on 28 male Wistar rats, 7–11 weeks of age and 160 ± 20 g body weight, divided into four groups of seven rats each. The first group receiving normal saline (S), the second group receiving saline and gamma radiation (SR), the third group receiving 50 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde 98% (C), and the fourth group receiving 50 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde 98% and gamma radiation (CR). SR and CR groups were exposed to 15 Gy gamma irradiation for 7 min and 39 s. Rats were intraperitoneally injected each day during the 10-day period of the experiment, and their tongues and lips were examined to assess the incidence and severity of mucositis. The saliva samples were taken from the animals three times on day zero, six, and ten. Results: The mean mucositis incidence appeared to be delayed in the CR than the SR group (P = 0.024), and the severity was significantly higher in the SR compared to the CR group;the difference was statistically significant on the second day (P = 0.027). In the evaluation of salivary antioxidant capacity, salivary antioxidant concentration was significantly higher in the C than the S, SR, and CR groups on the tenth day of the experiment (p <0.05). Conclusion: The clinical effects in the CR group seem to be due to antioxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamaldehyde; this conclusion, however, requires further investigations. Delayed antioxidant effect in the CR group was evident in ip cinnamaldehyde injection, the exact mechanism is not clear.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of nine tongue conditions and evaluate their relationship to oral hygiene status and personal habits in a Northern Iranian population.Methods and Materials: This descriptive study evaluated 1901 healthy subjects (1142 women, 759 men) >12 years who were referred to the Dental Faculty of Babol University during a period from February 2005 to July 2006. A questionnaire was designed according to the aims of the study. Each subject completed the questionnaire and received a complete dental and oral examination. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and Chi-square and Fisher's exact probability tests.Results: Six hundred seventy-two (35.3%) of 1901 subjects had tongue lesions with a frequency of 38.6% in women and 47.7% in men which was statistically significant (P<0.0001). A strong association was found between tongue lesions and smoking (p<0.0001), black tea drinking (p=0.021), and poor oral hygiene (p<0.0001). Hairy tongue (p<0.0001), coated tongue (p<0.0001), and fissured tongue (p=0.014) conditions were significantly higher in males, while crenation of the tongue was more frequent in women (p<0.0001).Conclusion: This epidemiologic survey of adult dental outpatients of Northern Iran assessing tongue conditions and lesions found the frequency of these conditions in 47.7% of males and 38.6% of females in this population. Tongue conditions and lesions were more frequent among smokers, black tea drinkers, and those with poor oral hygiene. The results of this epidemiological survey can only be interpreted for the population studied and as such cannot be generalized to the wider population of Iran, but future studies should be designed to assess the frequency of these conditions on a countrywide basis.Clinical Significance: The results of this study suggest efficient oral hygiene programs and encouraging people to drink less tea and quit smoking may reduce tongue lesions in adult dental outpatients in Northern Iran.Citation: Motallebnejad M, Babaee N, Sakhdari S, Tavasoli M. An Epidemiologic Study of Tongue Lesions in 1901 Iranian Dental Outpatients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:073-080.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate oral health status and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in Iranian patients undergoing hemodialysis.Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study 145 (95 dentate and 50 edentulous) patients undergoing hemodialysis participated. Demographic information, laboratory findings and dental health status was recorded by a standard form. Oral hygiene status was obtained by simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and oral health was evaluated by decay missing filling teeth (DMFT) index, plaque index (PLI) and periodontal disease index. Oral health related quality of life was determined by means of short form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) and general oral health assessment index (GOHAI).Results: The mean (± SD) DMFT, PLI and PDI were 15.47 ± 7.85, 2.03 ± 0.95, 4.09 ± 1.31 respectively. OHI-S was good in 7 (7.4%), fair 25 (26.6%) and poor in 38 (26.6%) of patients. The mean OHIP-14 and GOHAI scores were 31.32 ± 12.53 and 29.07 ± 8.5 respectively. The self-perceived oral health of 58 (40%) was good, 49(33.8%) was fair and 38 (26.2%) was poor. Patients with higher scores for the questionnaires had significantly worst self-rated oral health. Besides, there was a significant positive correlation between dental and periodontal variables with OHIP-14 and GOHAI scores.Conclusion: Hemodialysis patients had a poor oral hygiene and periodontal status, weak attitudes and negligence toward oral health but they were satisfied of their oral health condition and their OHRQoL was approximately good. Therefor it should be communications between nephrologists and oral health care professionals for promoting the oral health status of the patients.Clinical significance: The findings high light the need of comprehensive oral examinations including periodontal therapy, restorative treatment, preventive dental treatment and follow-up care in the hemodialysis patients.How to cite this article: Hajian-Tilaki A, Oliae F, Jenabian N, Hajian-Tilaki K, Motallebnejad M. Oral Health-related Quality of Life and Periodontal and Dental Health Status in Iranian Hemodialysis Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):482-490.