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Ali Saleh Aziz
School of Electrical Systems Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Malaysia

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Case study
Published: 04 January 2020 in Environment, Development and Sustainability
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Temperature and solar radiation have large effects on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems. PV cell temperature is related to the ambient temperature, while the solar radiation incident on PV surface depends on the slope and azimuth of the PV panels. Furthermore, ground reflectance (albedo) affects the solar radiation incident on the PV surface and hence influences its performance. Nevertheless, the impact of some important factors on the PV performance such as the ground reflectance at different tilt angles and temperature coefficient of power under Middle East (temperate) climatic conditions are scarcely reported. In this research paper, a techno-economic analysis has been done to investigate the impact of temperature, tilt and azimuth angles, and ground reflectance on the performance of solar energy system. HOMER software was used as a tool in this study where Choman, Iraq, was selected as a case study. The results indicate that with a base case (temperature coefficient of − 0.48%/ °C, albedo of 20% and ambient temperature of 11 °C), facing the PV to south with a tilt angle of 40° or 45° results in the most economical system by having net present cost of $70595 and cost of energy of $0.54/kWh. Furthermore, PV modules with high sensitivity to temperature are found to be an attractive option based on Choman ambient temperature. Meanwhile, increasing the ground reflectance from 10 to 90% results in an increase of the annual optimum tilt angle from 38° to 52° and a decrease of the PV required capacity from 20.8 to 19.4 kW (for temperature coefficient of − 0.48%/ °C). The results prove that the studied parameters must be treated well to establish an enabling environment for PV development in Iraq.

ACS Style

Ali Saleh Aziz; Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin; Mohd Rafi Adzman; Makbul A. M. Ramli. Impacts of albedo and atmospheric conditions on the efficiency of solar energy: a case study in temperate climate of Choman, Iraq. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2020, 23, 989 -1018.

AMA Style

Ali Saleh Aziz, Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin, Mohd Rafi Adzman, Makbul A. M. Ramli. Impacts of albedo and atmospheric conditions on the efficiency of solar energy: a case study in temperate climate of Choman, Iraq. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2020; 23 (1):989-1018.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Saleh Aziz; Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin; Mohd Rafi Adzman; Makbul A. M. Ramli. 2020. "Impacts of albedo and atmospheric conditions on the efficiency of solar energy: a case study in temperate climate of Choman, Iraq." Environment, Development and Sustainability 23, no. 1: 989-1018.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2019 in Energy
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Iraq has massive potential for electricity generation from solar energy. Because the country currently suffers from daily electricity shortages, a grid-connected PV system is an unsuitable option since the PV cannot serve the load during the electricity blackouts. This paper aims to analyze the techno-economic and environmental feasibility of a solar PV microgrid system which is able to supply the load during both grid availability and outage periods. A household in Baghdad was selected as a case study. HOMER software was used to carry out the overall analysis using five different control strategies. The results indicated that the most economical configuration was achieved by allowing the grid to charge the batteries at all rates, with a net present cost (NPC) of $29,713. A sustainability assessment revealed that preventing the grid from charging the battery resulted in the highest renewable fraction and the lowest CO2 emissions with 64.9% and 4,533 kg/year, respectively. Furthermore, inserting a diesel generator to an economically optimized system was found to reduce the NPC by 11.6%, while increasing the CO2 emissions by 32.7%. This study showed that implementing this sort of project can provide clean, economical, and continuous electricity production in countries with daily blackouts.

ACS Style

Ali Saleh Aziz; Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin; Mohd Rafi Adzman; Mohd Fayzul Mohammed; Makbul A.M. Ramli. Feasibility analysis of grid-connected and islanded operation of a solar PV microgrid system: A case study of Iraq. Energy 2019, 191, 116591 .

AMA Style

Ali Saleh Aziz, Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin, Mohd Rafi Adzman, Mohd Fayzul Mohammed, Makbul A.M. Ramli. Feasibility analysis of grid-connected and islanded operation of a solar PV microgrid system: A case study of Iraq. Energy. 2019; 191 ():116591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Saleh Aziz; Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin; Mohd Rafi Adzman; Mohd Fayzul Mohammed; Makbul A.M. Ramli. 2019. "Feasibility analysis of grid-connected and islanded operation of a solar PV microgrid system: A case study of Iraq." Energy 191, no. : 116591.

Journal article
Published: 11 February 2019 in Renewable Energy
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Off-grid hybrid energy systems (HESs) have become more cost-effective and reliable than single-source systems for the electrification of rural areas. This paper presents a techno-economic and environmental analysis of different hybrid systems to supply electricity to a typical Iraqi rural village. The HOMER software is utilized for the optimization of the systems using the multi-year module, which has been overlooked in the literature thus far. The analysis shows that the PV/hydro/diesel/battery HES is the most economical option with a net present cost (NPC) of $113201, in addition to having acceptable technical and environmental performance levels. Throughout the project’s 20 year lifetime, PV electricity production is reduced by 9.1% while diesel electricity production, CO2 emissions and served load are increased by 90.8%, 91.7% and 8.8%, respectively. The NPC for the multi-year module shows an increment of 22.5% in comparison with that of the single year module. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of some rarely reported parameters, such as water pipe losses, generator minimum load, battery roundtrip efficiency, battery setpoint state of charge, capacity shortage, PV capital cost multiplier and multi-year, demonstrated that variations in these parameters have significant effects on the system power flow and its economic analysis.

ACS Style

Ali Saleh Aziz; Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin; Mohd Rafi Adzman; Azralmukmin Azmi; Makbul A.M. Ramli. Optimization and sensitivity analysis of standalone hybrid energy systems for rural electrification: A case study of Iraq. Renewable Energy 2019, 138, 775 -792.

AMA Style

Ali Saleh Aziz, Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin, Mohd Rafi Adzman, Azralmukmin Azmi, Makbul A.M. Ramli. Optimization and sensitivity analysis of standalone hybrid energy systems for rural electrification: A case study of Iraq. Renewable Energy. 2019; 138 ():775-792.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Saleh Aziz; Mohammad Faridun Naim Tajuddin; Mohd Rafi Adzman; Azralmukmin Azmi; Makbul A.M. Ramli. 2019. "Optimization and sensitivity analysis of standalone hybrid energy systems for rural electrification: A case study of Iraq." Renewable Energy 138, no. : 775-792.

Journal article
Published: 28 January 2019 in Sustainability
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In recent years, the concept of hybrid energy systems (HESs) is drawing more attention for electrification of isolated or energy-deficient areas. When optimally designed, HESs prove to be more reliable and economical than single energy source systems. This study examines the feasibility of a combined dispatch (CD) control strategy for a photovoltaic (PV)/diesel/battery HES by combining the load following (LF) strategy and cycle charging (CC) strategy. HOMER software is used as a tool for optimization analysis by investigating the techno-economic and environmental performance of the proposed system under the LF strategy, CC strategy, and combined dispatch CD strategy. The simulation results reveal that the CD strategy has a net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) values of $110,191 and $0.21/kWh, which are 20.6% and 4.8% lower than those of systems utilizing the LF and CC strategies, respectively. From an environmental point of view, the CD strategy also offers the best performance, with CO2 emissions of 27,678 kg/year. Moreover, the results show that variations in critical parameters, such as battery minimum state of charge, time step, solar radiation, diesel price, and load growth, exert considerable effects on the performance of the proposed system.

ACS Style

Ali Aziz; Mohammad Tajuddin; Mohd Adzman; Makbul Ramli; Saad Mekhilef. Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy. Sustainability 2019, 11, 683 .

AMA Style

Ali Aziz, Mohammad Tajuddin, Mohd Adzman, Makbul Ramli, Saad Mekhilef. Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):683.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Aziz; Mohammad Tajuddin; Mohd Adzman; Makbul Ramli; Saad Mekhilef. 2019. "Energy Management and Optimization of a PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Energy System Using a Combined Dispatch Strategy." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 683.