A newly synthesized zinc (II) oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) has been used as a disinfectant Nano-spray for the emerging corona virus (SARS-CoV-2). The synthesized obtained nanomaterial of (ZnO) was fully chemically characterized by using different spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR, UV and XRD) and surface analysis techniques. ZnO-Nps surface morphology and chemical purity has been investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Additionally Zeta potential and Zeta size distribution were measured and evaluated to confirm its nano-range scale. The synthesized Zno-NPs have been tested using 10% DMSO and ddH₂O for estimation of antiviral activity against (SARS-CoV-2) by using cytotoxicity assay (CC₅₀) and inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀). The results revealed that (Zno-NPs) has high anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity at cytotoxic concentrations in vitro with non-significant selectivity index (CC₅₀/IC₅₀ ≤ 1). The current study results demonstrated the (ZnO-NPs) has potent antiviral activity at low concentration (IC₅₀ = 526 ng/mL) but with some cytotoxic effect to the cell host by (CC₅₀ = 292.2 ng/mL). We recommend using of (ZnO-NPs) as potent disinfectant against (SARS-Cov-2), but there are slight side effects on the cellular host, so we recommend more prospective studies on complexation of other compounds with (ZnO-NPs) in different concentrations to reduce its cellular toxicity and elevate its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 activities.

Synthesized titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) nanotubes were used for the disinfection of new emerging corona virus-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in this study. The newly synthesized TiO₂-NPs (nanotubes) were characterized by chemical spectroscopic analysis Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet FT-IR and UV. The chemical purity and Zeta potential distribution of the TiO₂-NPs (nanotubes) were evaluated to confirm their nano-range, and their surface morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The antiviral activity of the TiO₂-NPs (nanotubes) against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated using 10% (Dimethyl sulfoxide) DMSO and dist.H₂O using a cytotoxicity assay and inhibitory concentration assay (to determine the cytotoxic half concentration CC₅₀ and half maximal inhibitory concentration IC₅₀). The current results confirmed that TiO₂-NPs exhibit strong anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity at very low cytotoxic concentrations in vitro with a non-significant selectivity index (CC₅₀/IC₅₀ ≤ 1). The obtained results indicate that TiO₂-NPs and nanotubes have potent antiviral activity at a very low concentrations (IC₅₀ = 568.6 ng/mL), with a weak cytotoxic effect on the cellular host (CC₅₀ = 399.1 ng/mL). Thus, we highly recommend the use of TiO₂-NPs (nanotubes) in vitro and in wall coatings as a potent disinfectant to combat SARS-CoV-2 with little irritation of the cellular hosts. Furthermore, we also recommend more and excessive prospective studies on the complexation of natural active or natural compounds with TiO₂-NPs (nanotubes) to minimize their cytotoxicity, enhance their antiviral activity, and increase their inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.