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Prof. Dr. Werner Sobek
Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

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0 Adaptive Systems
0 Sustainable Construction
0 Glass Structures
0 Design of lightweight structures
0 Graded concrete

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Graded concrete
Adaptive Systems

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Journal article
Published: 21 April 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Accepting the ecological necessity of a drastic reduction of resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the building industry, the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK) at the University of Stuttgart is developing graded concrete components with integrated concrete hollow spheres. These components weigh a fraction of usual conventional components while exhibiting the same performance. Throughout the production process of a component, the positions of the hollow spheres and the level of the fresh concrete have to be monitored with high accuracy and in close to real-time, so that the quality and structural performance of the component can be guaranteed. In this contribution, effective solutions of multiple sphere detection and concrete surface modeling based on the technology of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) during the casting process are proposed and realized by the Institute of Engineering Geodesy (IIGS). A complete monitoring concept is presented to acquire the point cloud data fast and with high-quality. The data processing method for multiple sphere segmentation based on the efficient combination of region growing and random sample consensus (RANSAC) exhibits great performance on computational efficiency and robustness. The feasibility and reliability of the proposed methods are verified and evaluated by an experiment monitoring the production of an exemplary graded concrete component. Some suggestions to improve the monitoring performance and relevant future work are given as well.

ACS Style

Yihui Yang; Laura Balangé; Oliver Gericke; Daniel Schmeer; Li Zhang; Werner Sobek; Volker Schwieger. Monitoring of the Production Process of Graded Concrete Component Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1622 .

AMA Style

Yihui Yang, Laura Balangé, Oliver Gericke, Daniel Schmeer, Li Zhang, Werner Sobek, Volker Schwieger. Monitoring of the Production Process of Graded Concrete Component Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (9):1622.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yihui Yang; Laura Balangé; Oliver Gericke; Daniel Schmeer; Li Zhang; Werner Sobek; Volker Schwieger. 2021. "Monitoring of the Production Process of Graded Concrete Component Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9: 1622.

Technical paper
Published: 18 August 2020 in Structural Concrete
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Shells are impressive structures due to the high load‐bearing capacity they exhibit when appropriately designed. Their construction, however, is usually associated with great efforts. In this paper, a novel approach for shell‐construction is presented that circumvents the necessity for doubly curved formwork. Instead, shells are erected from flat plates to which an eccentric force is applied causing them to bend into a desired curved shape. The form‐activating forces are induced by coupling a system of tendons to a thin—thus flexible—plate made from reinforced concrete. This approach may seem controversial as concrete exhibits a small ultimate strain and a brittle failure behavior. Therefore, it does not appear suited for the large deformations expected during the construction of actively bent structures. The investigations presented in this paper show the suitability of textile‐reinforced concrete for the fabrication of actively bent shells.

ACS Style

Johannes Berger; Oliver Gericke; Jürgen Feix; Werner Sobek. Actively bent concrete shells. Structural Concrete 2020, 21, 2282 -2292.

AMA Style

Johannes Berger, Oliver Gericke, Jürgen Feix, Werner Sobek. Actively bent concrete shells. Structural Concrete. 2020; 21 (6):2282-2292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johannes Berger; Oliver Gericke; Jürgen Feix; Werner Sobek. 2020. "Actively bent concrete shells." Structural Concrete 21, no. 6: 2282-2292.

Fachthema
Published: 01 December 2019 in Beton- und Stahlbetonbau
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Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie sich die Probekörperfestigkeit (Druckfestigkeit und E‐Modul) einer Scheibe aus Normalbeton infolge von eingebrachten Löchern (Porosität) und den sich dadurch ergebenden Lochfeldern verändert. Die Ergebnisse aus Versuchen und FE‐Analyse (nichtlineares Materialgesetz) werden in einem Diagramm dargestellt, das die Druckfestigkeit im Verhältnis zur Porosität bzw. zur Anzahl der Löcher abbildet.

ACS Style

Christoph Huber; Fh‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Gert Eilbracht; Dr.‐Ing. Dr.‐Ing. E.H. Dr. H.C. Werner Sobek. Druckfestigkeit von Lochfeldern aus Normalbeton unter einachsiger Kurzzeitbeanspruchung. Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 2019, 115, 385 -391.

AMA Style

Christoph Huber, Fh‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Gert Eilbracht, Dr.‐Ing. Dr.‐Ing. E.H. Dr. H.C. Werner Sobek. Druckfestigkeit von Lochfeldern aus Normalbeton unter einachsiger Kurzzeitbeanspruchung. Beton- und Stahlbetonbau. 2019; 115 (5):385-391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christoph Huber; Fh‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Gert Eilbracht; Dr.‐Ing. Dr.‐Ing. E.H. Dr. H.C. Werner Sobek. 2019. "Druckfestigkeit von Lochfeldern aus Normalbeton unter einachsiger Kurzzeitbeanspruchung." Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 115, no. 5: 385-391.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2019 in Materials
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Combining two high-performance materials—ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) as the matrix and carbon-fibre-reinforced composites (CFRP) as the reinforcement—opens up new possibilities for achieving very lightweight thin-walled concrete elements. This strategy, however, leads to a higher degree of material utilisation, resulting in the generation of higher forces around load introduction points and supports. The authors present a solution for increasing the performance of supports of very slender CFRP-reinforced UHPC beams by using metal implants. Implants are used in place of concrete in regions of stress concentrations and significant deviation forces. These are able to transfer high stresses and forces efficiently due to their ability to sustain both tension and compression in equal measure. A key issue in their development is the interface between the reinforced concrete and metal implant. Building on previous research, this paper deals with the conceptual design of three types of implants manufactured from different metals and with three different types of automated production technologies (water-jet cutting, metal casting with a 3D-printed plastic formwork and binder jetting of steel components). For this paper, tests were carried out to determine the load-bearing behaviour of beams with the three different types of support implants used for load introduction at the supports. A carbon rod served as bending reinforcement and a pre-formed textile reinforcement cage served as shear and constructive reinforcement.

ACS Style

Benjamin Kromoser; Oliver Gericke; Mathias Hammerl; Werner Sobek. Second-Generation Implants for Load Introduction into Thin-Walled CFRP-Reinforced UHPC Beams: Implant Optimisation and Investigations of Production Technologies. Materials 2019, 12, 3973 .

AMA Style

Benjamin Kromoser, Oliver Gericke, Mathias Hammerl, Werner Sobek. Second-Generation Implants for Load Introduction into Thin-Walled CFRP-Reinforced UHPC Beams: Implant Optimisation and Investigations of Production Technologies. Materials. 2019; 12 (23):3973.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benjamin Kromoser; Oliver Gericke; Mathias Hammerl; Werner Sobek. 2019. "Second-Generation Implants for Load Introduction into Thin-Walled CFRP-Reinforced UHPC Beams: Implant Optimisation and Investigations of Production Technologies." Materials 12, no. 23: 3973.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2019 in Sustainability
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The high consumption of resources in the building industry requires a significant reduction of material in buildings and consequently a reduction of emissions over all phases of the life cycle. This is the aim of the Collaborative Research Centre 1244 Adaptive Skins and Structures for the Built Environment of Tomorrow, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), which addresses research on the development and integration of adaptive systems in building structures and skins. New approaches in building planning are required for the implementation of adaptive buildings. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team from various fields such as architecture, civil and mechanical engineering, and system dynamics is necessary. The environmental impacts of the whole life cycle have to be considered for an integral planning process for adaptive buildings right from the beginning. For the integration of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), four temporal and content-related interfaces were identified in the planning process. Inputs and outputs of the LCA were defined for the relevant planning stages in order to enable the greatest possible benefit for the planners and to minimize the environmental impacts as far as possible. The result of the research work is a methodology that can be used in the future to reduce life cycle-related environmental impacts in the planning process of adaptive buildings (ReAdapt).

ACS Style

Friederike Schlegl; Clemens Honold; Sophia Leistner; Stefan Albrecht; Daniel Roth; Hansgeorg Binz; Werner Sobek. Integration of LCA in the Planning Phases of Adaptive Buildings. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4299 .

AMA Style

Friederike Schlegl, Clemens Honold, Sophia Leistner, Stefan Albrecht, Daniel Roth, Hansgeorg Binz, Werner Sobek. Integration of LCA in the Planning Phases of Adaptive Buildings. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (16):4299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Friederike Schlegl; Clemens Honold; Sophia Leistner; Stefan Albrecht; Daniel Roth; Hansgeorg Binz; Werner Sobek. 2019. "Integration of LCA in the Planning Phases of Adaptive Buildings." Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4299.

Article
Published: 01 March 2017 in ce/papers
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Der Einsatz von hocheffizienten Seiltragwerken als lastabtragende Strukturen für Glasfassaden ermöglicht die Konstruktion von transparenten Gebäudehüllen mit einem Minimum an Material. Allerdings sind hohe Vorspannkräfte erforderlich, um horizontale Verformungen der Glasebene und Verwindungen der Glasscheiben auf ein zulässiges Maß zu begrenzen. Dies führt zu großen Seilquerschnitten und hohen Auflagerkräften. In diesem Aufsatz wird der Prototyp einer adaptiven, vertikalen Doppelseilfassade vorgestellt, die an der Universität Stuttgart entwickelt wurde. Durch aktive Streben, die die Doppelseile auf Höhe der Glasklemmhalter verbinden, können statische und dynamische Verformungen in der Glasebene bis zu einer Nullverformung reduziert werden. Dieses neue System ermöglicht es, die Vorspannkräfte in den Seilen drastisch zu reduzieren und Material in den Glasscheiben, dem Seiltragwerk und im Auflagerbereich einzusparen. Prototype of an adaptive, vertically prestressed cable facade. The extremely efficient performance of cable structures allows for the construction of highly transparent glass facades with a minimum amount of material. However, the reduction of the horizontal deflections and the warping of the glass panes require high prestressing forces. This results in big cable cross sections and high reaction forces. This paper discusses the prototype of a newly developed type of adaptive facade with vertical prestressed cables currently being researched at the University of Stuttgart. Deflections due to static and dynamic loads can be reduced to nearly zero by placing active components in between two vertical cable lines. This results in a decrease of the required prestressing forces, and a considerable reduction of the amount of material needed for the structure.

ACS Style

Christine Flaig; Werner Sobek; Michael Heidingsfeld; Oliver Sawodny. Prototyp einer adaptiven, vertikal vorgespannten Seilfassade. ce/papers 2017, 1, 216 -225.

AMA Style

Christine Flaig, Werner Sobek, Michael Heidingsfeld, Oliver Sawodny. Prototyp einer adaptiven, vertikal vorgespannten Seilfassade. ce/papers. 2017; 1 (1):216-225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine Flaig; Werner Sobek; Michael Heidingsfeld; Oliver Sawodny. 2017. "Prototyp einer adaptiven, vertikal vorgespannten Seilfassade." ce/papers 1, no. 1: 216-225.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Structural Concrete
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Functional gradation of concrete elements makes it possible to align the internal composition of structural components with specific structural and thermal performance requirements. This alignment is made possible by continuously altering the characteristics of the material, including its porosity, strength or rigidity, in up to three spatial dimensions. This principle can be applied to minimise the mass of the element and to create multifunctional properties. Numerical design methods are used to develop the gradation layout that serves as a digital blueprint for such components. This paper describes tests performed on functionally graded beams. These tests have made it possible to derive conclusions with respect to the elements' structural behaviour. These tests also allow for a precise assessment of the weight savings that can potentially be achieved compared to structural components made from normal concrete. Test results were subsequently replicated by numerical simulations. The models calibrated in this step have established the basis to develop numerical design methods that rely on the principle of topology optimisation.

ACS Style

Michael Herrmann; Werner Sobek. Functionally graded concrete: Numerical design methods and experimental tests of mass-optimized structural components. Structural Concrete 2017, 18, 54 -66.

AMA Style

Michael Herrmann, Werner Sobek. Functionally graded concrete: Numerical design methods and experimental tests of mass-optimized structural components. Structural Concrete. 2017; 18 (1):54-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Herrmann; Werner Sobek. 2017. "Functionally graded concrete: Numerical design methods and experimental tests of mass-optimized structural components." Structural Concrete 18, no. 1: 54-66.

Chapter
Published: 20 December 2016 in Biologically-Inspired Systems
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From the manifold strategies that nature offers to materials under overload conditions, we describe two: the fibrous and multi-layered system of the bark of the Giant Sequoia, which possesses an impressive damping mechanism, and the spines of pencil and lance sea urchins. The latter introduce a new concept to energy dissipation in brittle construction materials, namely quasi-ductility by multiple local fracturing. The potential for transfer as bioinspired technical solutions is high as the biological role models combine several advantages such as lightweight, recyclability and high protective efficiency. We demonstrate that, in principle, the concepts found in the biological role models can be transferred to concrete-based building materials.

ACS Style

Katharina Klang; Georg Bauer; Nicu Toader; Christoph Lauer; Kathrin Termin; Stefanie Schmier; Daria Kovaleva; Walter Haase; Christoph Berthold; Klaus Nickel; Thomas Speck; Werner Sobek. Plants and Animals as Source of Inspiration for Energy Dissipation in Load Bearing Systems and Facades. Biologically-Inspired Systems 2016, 109 -133.

AMA Style

Katharina Klang, Georg Bauer, Nicu Toader, Christoph Lauer, Kathrin Termin, Stefanie Schmier, Daria Kovaleva, Walter Haase, Christoph Berthold, Klaus Nickel, Thomas Speck, Werner Sobek. Plants and Animals as Source of Inspiration for Energy Dissipation in Load Bearing Systems and Facades. Biologically-Inspired Systems. 2016; ():109-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katharina Klang; Georg Bauer; Nicu Toader; Christoph Lauer; Kathrin Termin; Stefanie Schmier; Daria Kovaleva; Walter Haase; Christoph Berthold; Klaus Nickel; Thomas Speck; Werner Sobek. 2016. "Plants and Animals as Source of Inspiration for Energy Dissipation in Load Bearing Systems and Facades." Biologically-Inspired Systems , no. : 109-133.

Article
Published: 09 December 2016 in Beton- und Stahlbetonbau
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Gemäß dem Prinzip form follows force fokussiert das DFG-Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1542 – Leicht Bauen mit Beton – auf die Bereitstellung beanspruchungsgerechter und ressourcenschonender Konstruktionselemente. Angesichts der in ihrer äußeren Form definierten Bauteile wie Decken, Wände und Stützen muss dieses Konzept neben der Anpassung der äußeren Form an die Beanspruchungssituation systematisch um die zielgerichtete Gestaltung der inneren Struktur der Bauteile erweitert werden. Die Technologie des Gradientenbetons bietet hierbei die Möglichkeit, den inneren Aufbau von Betonbauteilen auf die vorliegenden statischen Beanspruchungen und/oder das bauphysikalische Belastungsprofil auszurichten. Die hohen Anforderungen der Gradientenbetontechnologie machen dabei einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz von der Mischungsentwicklung über den Bauteilentwurf bis zur automatisierten Herstellung der Bauteile erforderlich. Durch die Kombination der unterschiedlichen Kompetenzbereiche der Institute für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren (ILEK), Werkstoffe im Bauwesen (IWB) und Systemdynamik (ISYS) der Universität Stuttgart konnte eine vollständige Prozesskette zur Herstellung von funktional gradierten Betonbauteilen realisiert werden. Dadurch können gewichtsreduzierte, energieminimierte und vollständig rezyklierbare Betonbauteile entworfen und hergestellt werden. The technology of graded concrete – From the development of concrete mixtures and the conceptual design to the automatized manufacturing In accordance with the principle form follows force, the DFG Priority Programme (SPP) 1542 – Leicht Bauen mit Beton – focuses on energy efficient building elements which are designed specifically for desired operational demands. This concept is a specific adaption of the component's inner structure and works in parallel to the optimization of its outer shape which is often limited due to the outer geometry of slabs, walls and supporting pillars. The technology of graded concrete provides an innovative possibility to adapt the inner structure of a concrete component in order to meet defined static and structural-physical requirements. The challenging demands imposed by the technology of graded concrete require a holistic approach including the development of the concrete mixtures, the design of the building components and finally the automatized manufacturing. In collaboration between the departments ILEK, IWB and ISYS of the University of Stuttgart a complete process chain for the manufacturing of functionally graded concrete components was realized. This approach for concrete results in fully recyclable building elements with significant savings in mass and energy.

ACS Style

Mark Wörner; Daniel Schmeer; Benjamin Schuler; Julian Pfinder; Harald Garrecht; Oliver Sawodny; Werner Sobek. Gradientenbetontechnologie. Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 2016, 111, 794 -805.

AMA Style

Mark Wörner, Daniel Schmeer, Benjamin Schuler, Julian Pfinder, Harald Garrecht, Oliver Sawodny, Werner Sobek. Gradientenbetontechnologie. Beton- und Stahlbetonbau. 2016; 111 (12):794-805.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mark Wörner; Daniel Schmeer; Benjamin Schuler; Julian Pfinder; Harald Garrecht; Oliver Sawodny; Werner Sobek. 2016. "Gradientenbetontechnologie." Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 111, no. 12: 794-805.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2016 in Stahlbau
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Aktive Komponenten sind im Bauwesen bislang kein Bestandteil von Sicherheitskonzepten. Zur Realisierung ultraleichter Strukturen sind aktive Komponenten jedoch unerlässlich. In das Sicherheitskonzept des Ultraleichtbaus müssen deshalb spezielle Aspekte wie Ausfallsicherheit und Notbetrieb aufgenommen werden. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Bedeutung aktiver Komponenten am Beispiel eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks. Dieses wurde von der durch die DFG geförderten Forschergruppe 981 entwickelt. Der Artikel widmet sich hierbei insbesondere der Frage, ob und wie sich bestehende Sicherheitskonzepte aus anderen Disziplinen an die Anforderungen des Ultraleichtbaus anpassen lassen. Hierzu werden die Methoden Fehlerbaumanalyse (FTA) sowie Fehlermöglichkeits- und –einflussanalyse (FMEA) vorgestellt. Der erste Teil dieses Aufsatzes erschien in Ausgabe 3/2016. Er widmet sich den theoretischen Inhalten der Sicherheitsuntersuchungen und beschreibt den von der Forschergruppe 981 entwickelten Demonstrator inklusive der neuartigen Konstruktionselemente. Der hier vorliegende zweite Teil des Aufsatzes stellt die praktische Umsetzung der im ersten Teil entwickelten theoretischen Erkenntnisse vor.Safety investigations of an adaptive shell structure – Part 2: Usage of the fault tree analysis and the failure mode and effects analysis. Until now, safety concepts of the construction industry do not consider the use of active components. However, such components are an essential part of ultralightweight structures. Therefore, special aspects of active components, such as safeguarding against failure and emergency operation mode, have to be included in the safety concept of ultralightweight structures. The present article describes the use of active components using the example of an adaptive shell structure. This shell structure was developed by research unit 981, a research unit funded by DFG (German Research Foundation). The article also proposes an adaptation of existing safety concepts by using approaches from other disciplines. Furthermore, the methods fault tree analysis (FTA) and failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) are presented. Part 1 of the paper (published in issue 3/2016) describes theoretical investigations on safety concepts, the adaptive shell structure and the design elements, developed in the framework of the research unit. Part 2 (published in this issue) will provide the results of a practical application of the methods described in the first part.

ACS Style

Werner Sobek; Hansgeorg Binz; Christine Flaig; Alexander Crostack; Thorsten Herrmann; Walter Haase; Daniel Roth. Sicherheitsuntersuchungen eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks. Stahlbau 2016, 85, 380 -386.

AMA Style

Werner Sobek, Hansgeorg Binz, Christine Flaig, Alexander Crostack, Thorsten Herrmann, Walter Haase, Daniel Roth. Sicherheitsuntersuchungen eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks. Stahlbau. 2016; 85 (6):380-386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Werner Sobek; Hansgeorg Binz; Christine Flaig; Alexander Crostack; Thorsten Herrmann; Walter Haase; Daniel Roth. 2016. "Sicherheitsuntersuchungen eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks." Stahlbau 85, no. 6: 380-386.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2016 in Stahlbau
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Aktive Komponenten sind bislang kein Bestandteil von Sicherheitskonzepten im Bauwesen. Zur Realisierung ultraleichter Strukturen sind aktive Komponenten jedoch unerlässlich. In das Sicherheitskonzept des Ultraleichtbaus müssen deshalb spezielle Aspekte wie Ausfallsicherheit und Notbetrieb aufgenommen werden. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Bedeutung aktiver Komponenten am Beispiel eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks, das von der durch die DFG geförderten Forschergruppe 981 entwickelt wurde. Er widmet sich hierbei insbesondere der Frage, wie bestehende Sicherheitskonzepte durch den Transfer aus anderen Disziplinen an die Anforderungen des Ultraleichtbaus angepasst werden können. Hierzu werden Methoden der Fehlermöglichkeits- und -einflussanalyse sowie die Fehlerbaumanalyse vorgestellt. Der erste Teil des Aufsatzes erscheint im vorliegenden Heft – er widmet sich den theoretischen Inhalten der Sicherheitsuntersuchungen und beschreibt die von der Forschergruppe 981 entwickelten Konstruktionselemente. Der zweite Teil des Aufsatzes wird in einer späteren Ausgabe dieser Zeitschrift erscheinen. Er stellt die praktische Umsetzung der im ersten Teil entwickelten theoretischen Erkenntnisse vor.Safety investigations of an adaptive shell structure – Part 1: Basics and theory of the used methods. Until now, safety concepts of the construction industry do not consider the use of active components. However, such components are an essential part of ultralightweight structures. Therefore the special aspects of active components, such as safeguarding against failure and emergency operation mode, have to be included in the safety concept of ultralightweight structures. The present article describes the use of active components using the example of an adaptive shell structure. This shell structure was developed by research unit 981, a research unit funded by DFG (German Research Foundation). The article also proposes an adaptation of existing safety concepts by using approaches from other disciplines. Two well-known methods, such as fault probability and effect analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA), are presented. Part 1 of the paper (published in this issue) describes theoretical investigations on safety concepts, the adaptive shell structure and the design elements, developed in the framework of the research unit. Part 2 (to be published in an upcoming issue) will provide the results of a practical application of the methods described in the first part.

ACS Style

Werner Sobek; Christine Flaig; Walter Haase; Hansgeorg Binz; Alexander Crostack; Thorsten Herrmann; Daniel Roth. Sicherheitsuntersuchungen eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks. Stahlbau 2016, 85, 195 -199.

AMA Style

Werner Sobek, Christine Flaig, Walter Haase, Hansgeorg Binz, Alexander Crostack, Thorsten Herrmann, Daniel Roth. Sicherheitsuntersuchungen eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks. Stahlbau. 2016; 85 (3):195-199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Werner Sobek; Christine Flaig; Walter Haase; Hansgeorg Binz; Alexander Crostack; Thorsten Herrmann; Daniel Roth. 2016. "Sicherheitsuntersuchungen eines adaptiven Schalentragwerks." Stahlbau 85, no. 3: 195-199.

Article
Published: 01 October 2015 in Beton- und Stahlbetonbau
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Die Gradierung von Betonbauteilen durch eine kontinuierliche Veränderung von Materialeigenschaften wie Porosität, Festigkeit oder Steifigkeit in bis zu drei Raumrichtungen ermöglicht eine Anpassung des Bauteilinneren an das vorherrschende statische oder bauphysikalische Anforderungsprofil. Diese Anpassung kann zur Massenminimierung und zur Erzielung multifunktionaler Eigenschaften eingesetzt werden. Numerische Entwurfsmethoden liefern das Gradientenlayout, welches als digitaler Bauplan für diese Bauteile dient. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Versuche an gradierten Balken im Originalmaßstab beschrieben. Sie erlauben eine Aussage über das Tragverhalten sowie das Masseneinsparpotenzial gradierter Betonbauteile im Vergleich zu Bauteilen aus Normalbeton. Anschließend werden die Versuchsergebnisse mithilfe numerischer Simulationen nachvollzogen. Die so kalibrierten Modelle bilden die Ausgangsbasis für die Entwicklung numerischer Entwurfsmethoden, die auf einem Topologieoptimierungsansatz basieren. Functionally Graded Concrete – Numerical Design Methods and experimental studies on mass minimized components Functional gradation of precast elements makes it possible to align the internal composition of structural components with the specified structural and thermal performance requirements by continuously altering the characteristics of the material, including its porosity, strength or rigidity, in up to three spatial dimensions. This principle can be applied to minimise the mass of the element and to create multi-functional properties. Numerical design methods are used to develop the gradation layout that serves as a digital blueprint for such components. This paper describes true-to-scale tests performed on functionally graded beams. These tests make it possible to derive conclusions with respect to the elements' structural behaviour as well as weight savings that can potentially be achieved compared to structural components made from normal concrete. Test results are subsequently replicated by numerical simulations. The models calibrated in this step establish the basis to develop numerical design methods that rely on the principle of topology optimization.

ACS Style

Michael Herrmann; Werner Sobek. Gradientenbeton - Numerische Entwurfsmethoden und experimentelle Untersuchung gewichtsoptimierter Bauteile. Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 2015, 110, 672 -686.

AMA Style

Michael Herrmann, Werner Sobek. Gradientenbeton - Numerische Entwurfsmethoden und experimentelle Untersuchung gewichtsoptimierter Bauteile. Beton- und Stahlbetonbau. 2015; 110 (10):672-686.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Herrmann; Werner Sobek. 2015. "Gradientenbeton - Numerische Entwurfsmethoden und experimentelle Untersuchung gewichtsoptimierter Bauteile." Beton- und Stahlbetonbau 110, no. 10: 672-686.

Book chapter
Published: 15 April 2014 in Glasbau 2014
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ACS Style

Walter Haase; Marzena Husser; Werner Sobek; Eberhard Kurz; Lothar Rau; Norbert Frühauf. Flüssigkristallbasierte Verglasung zur Regelung des Lichtund Energieeintrags in Gebäude. Glasbau 2014 2014, 337 -347.

AMA Style

Walter Haase, Marzena Husser, Werner Sobek, Eberhard Kurz, Lothar Rau, Norbert Frühauf. Flüssigkristallbasierte Verglasung zur Regelung des Lichtund Energieeintrags in Gebäude. Glasbau 2014. 2014; ():337-347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter Haase; Marzena Husser; Werner Sobek; Eberhard Kurz; Lothar Rau; Norbert Frühauf. 2014. "Flüssigkristallbasierte Verglasung zur Regelung des Lichtund Energieeintrags in Gebäude." Glasbau 2014 , no. : 337-347.

Book chapter
Published: 19 April 2013 in Glasbau 2013
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Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts am Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren (ILEK) erfolgte die Untersuchung einer vielversprechenden Verbindungstechnologie im Glasbau, bei welcher metallische Elemente teilweise in die polymere Zwischenschicht (SentryGlas) eingebettet und zum Lastabtrag herangezogen werden. Neben Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten unter kurzzeitiger Lasteinwirkung und deren numerischer Simulation, ist das Langzeitverhalten dieser Verbindung für eine umfassende Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens von besonderem Interesse. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die am ILEK durchgeführten Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten der Verbindung unter Langzeitbeanspruchungen und gibt die Ergebnisse dieser Versuche wieder.

ACS Style

Jürgen Denonville; Kerstin Puller; Walter Haase; Werner Sobek. Langzeittragverhalten von in Verbundglas integrierten Lasteinleitungselementen. Glasbau 2013 2013, 117 -127.

AMA Style

Jürgen Denonville, Kerstin Puller, Walter Haase, Werner Sobek. Langzeittragverhalten von in Verbundglas integrierten Lasteinleitungselementen. Glasbau 2013. 2013; ():117-127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jürgen Denonville; Kerstin Puller; Walter Haase; Werner Sobek. 2013. "Langzeittragverhalten von in Verbundglas integrierten Lasteinleitungselementen." Glasbau 2013 , no. : 117-127.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2013 in Stahlbau
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Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts am Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren (ILEK) erfolgte die Untersuchung einer vielversprechenden Verbindungstechnologie im Glasbau, bei welcher metallische Elemente teilweise in die polymere Zwischenschicht (SentryGlas) eingebettet und zum Lastabtrag herangezogen werden. Neben Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten unter kurzzeitiger Lasteinwirkung und deren numerischer Simulation, ist das Langzeitverhalten dieser Verbindung für eine umfassende Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens von besonderem Interesse. Dieser Artikel beschreibt die am ILEK durchgeführten Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten der Verbindung unter Langzeitbeanspruchungen und gibt die Ergebnisse dieser Versuche wieder.

ACS Style

Jürgen Denonville; Kerstin Puller; Walter Haase; Werner Sobek. Langzeittragverhalten von in Verbundglas integrierten Lasteinleitungselementen. Stahlbau 2013, 82, 117 -127.

AMA Style

Jürgen Denonville, Kerstin Puller, Walter Haase, Werner Sobek. Langzeittragverhalten von in Verbundglas integrierten Lasteinleitungselementen. Stahlbau. 2013; 82 (S1):117-127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jürgen Denonville; Kerstin Puller; Walter Haase; Werner Sobek. 2013. "Langzeittragverhalten von in Verbundglas integrierten Lasteinleitungselementen." Stahlbau 82, no. S1: 117-127.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2013 in Mechatronics
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ACS Style

Martin Weickgenannt; Stefan Neuhaeuser; Benjamin Henke; Werner Sobek; Oliver Sawodny. Optimal sensor placement for state estimation of a thin double-curved shell structure. Mechatronics 2013, 23, 346 -354.

AMA Style

Martin Weickgenannt, Stefan Neuhaeuser, Benjamin Henke, Werner Sobek, Oliver Sawodny. Optimal sensor placement for state estimation of a thin double-curved shell structure. Mechatronics. 2013; 23 (3):346-354.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martin Weickgenannt; Stefan Neuhaeuser; Benjamin Henke; Werner Sobek; Oliver Sawodny. 2013. "Optimal sensor placement for state estimation of a thin double-curved shell structure." Mechatronics 23, no. 3: 346-354.

Proceedings article
Published: 08 September 2011 in SPIE Photonic Devices + Applications
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Large-area glass facades are widely spread in contemporary architecture. They meet demands for natural light illumination of rooms and satisfy esthetic requirements of modern architecture. However, larger glass facades increase transfer of energy into the building. Since this has to be compensated by the intense use of air conditioning, modulation of the energy passing through the glazing is essential. The authors have been developing a corresponding system. It consists of a modified twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal (LC) cell which is embedded in a double glazing. Since a conventional outside film polarizer is susceptible to heat, the authors substituted this component for an inside coatable polarizer. Long term outdoor weathering tests demonstrated that the concept is viable. Part of the current research is the integration of the TN LC cell into double-glazing. A further demand for such a system is a cost-efficient manufacturing process. It has been investigated to use the coatable polarizer at the same time as an alignment layer for the liquid crystal. Aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) is to be used for the electrode material substituting conventionally used indium tin oxide (ITO) which is expensive. Currently the authors are looking into the coating process for the inside polarizer.

ACS Style

Eberhard Kurz; Lothar Rau; Norbert Frühauf; Walter Haase; Marijo Prskalo; Werner Sobek. Cost-efficient manufacturing process of switchable glazing based on twisted nematic LC cells. SPIE Photonic Devices + Applications 2011, 8114, 811413 .

AMA Style

Eberhard Kurz, Lothar Rau, Norbert Frühauf, Walter Haase, Marijo Prskalo, Werner Sobek. Cost-efficient manufacturing process of switchable glazing based on twisted nematic LC cells. SPIE Photonic Devices + Applications. 2011; 8114 ():811413.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eberhard Kurz; Lothar Rau; Norbert Frühauf; Walter Haase; Marijo Prskalo; Werner Sobek. 2011. "Cost-efficient manufacturing process of switchable glazing based on twisted nematic LC cells." SPIE Photonic Devices + Applications 8114, no. : 811413.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2011 in Bautechnik
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With the ongoing development of advanced textiles and smart materials, promising new possibilities are emerging in the field of building cladding systems. The flexibility, translucency, and unique aesthetic characteristics of high-performance textiles present a wide range of architectural potential, while their light weight, simplicity, and typically discrete construction offer significant advantages with respect to recyclability and sustainable design. Designed with care, textile materials have the potential to revolutionize the building envelope, in the form of multilayer adaptive textile cladding systems. This article will explore the challenging requirements which must be met by these systems, explain the concept of multilayer textile- and film-based envelopes, and describe their unique behavioural characteristics in the building science context. The need for accurate material property characterization and advanced simulation techniques will also be discussed

ACS Style

Walter Haase; Thorsten Klaus; Fabian Schmid; Werner Sobek; Klaus Sedlbauer; Timo Schmidt; Martin Synold. Adaptive textile und folienbasierte Gebäudehüllen. Bautechnik 2011, 88, 69 -75.

AMA Style

Walter Haase, Thorsten Klaus, Fabian Schmid, Werner Sobek, Klaus Sedlbauer, Timo Schmidt, Martin Synold. Adaptive textile und folienbasierte Gebäudehüllen. Bautechnik. 2011; 88 (2):69-75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter Haase; Thorsten Klaus; Fabian Schmid; Werner Sobek; Klaus Sedlbauer; Timo Schmidt; Martin Synold. 2011. "Adaptive textile und folienbasierte Gebäudehüllen." Bautechnik 88, no. 2: 69-75.