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The aim was to investigate the association of injuries with male football player continuity, progression and chances of reaching the First team in an elite academy. Injuries and exposure time were prospectively recorded, following the FIFA guidelines, over 6 seasons (2011-2017) in Under (U)12, U14, U16, U19, 2nd/3rd team and First team players from the same professional football club. Results showed that U19 and 2nd/3rd team players progressing to the next level had a lower injury burden and higher match availability compared to players that did not progress. Injury burden was lower in players progressing from U12 to U14. All players progressing from the 2nd/3rd teams to the First team had a match availability higher than 84% and did not suffer an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture or an injury requiring over 200 (+200) days to return to play. In U19 and 2nd/3rd team players, injuries requiring +100 and +200 days to return to play, ACL ruptures and groin pain, but not hamstring and ankle ligament injuries, were associated with lower odds of continuing in the academy each season. In conclusion, injuries were negatively associated with player progression, and injury prevention and return-to-play strategies should be a priority for football academies.
Jon Larruskain; Jose A. Lekue; Imanol Martin-Garetxana; Irantzu Barrio; Alan McCall; Susana M. Gil. Injuries are negatively associated with player progression in an elite football academy. Science and Medicine in Football 2021, 1 -10.
AMA StyleJon Larruskain, Jose A. Lekue, Imanol Martin-Garetxana, Irantzu Barrio, Alan McCall, Susana M. Gil. Injuries are negatively associated with player progression in an elite football academy. Science and Medicine in Football. 2021; ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJon Larruskain; Jose A. Lekue; Imanol Martin-Garetxana; Irantzu Barrio; Alan McCall; Susana M. Gil. 2021. "Injuries are negatively associated with player progression in an elite football academy." Science and Medicine in Football , no. : 1-10.
Background Scientific evidence has shown that equine-assisted therapies (EAT) lead to improvements in the physical function and the quality of life (QoL) of people with disabilities through the practice of hippotherapy or therapeutic riding (TR). There is a need to confirm whether people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) can also benefit from its practice. This review aimed to systematically evaluate and meta-analyze the available data on the potential health benefits of EAT in PwMS. Methods Four electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus) were searched systematically from their inception until June 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative studies that provided information regarding the effects of EAT on PwMS. The studies' methodological quality assessment was performed using the PEDro and the MINORS scales. For the meta-analysis, heterogeneity across studies was quantified using the I2 statistic. Fixed-effect or random-effects models were applied to obtain the pooled results in the case of low (I2< 30%) or high (I2 > 30%) heterogeneity values, respectively. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the change in each outcome. Results After removing duplicated studies, 234 results were retrieved by the literature search and 11 were eligible for full text search. Finally, 9 studies with a methodological quality ranging from good to low quality met the inclusion criteria. Six of them focused on hippotherapy and 4 of them were included in the quantitative analysis. Totally, 225 PwMS patients were evaluated. Findings from the meta-analysis indicated that this therapy improved static (SMD = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.78) but not dynamic balance (SMD = 0.51; 95% CI: -0.04, 1.06), while significant benefits were observed on the patients' QoL (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.73). Hippotherapy showed effectiveness for reducing self-perceived fatigue (SMD = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.33, 1.07), while TR showed mixed effects on balance and QoL. Conclusion The actual evidence on the effectiveness of EAT in PwMS is mainly limited to hippotherapy. This rehabilitation approach seems to have beneficial effects on static balance, QoL and fatigue, but not directly on gait and dynamic balance. Altogether, the findings suggest that hippotherapy could be incorporated as a complementary therapy when developing comprehensive care plans for PwMS.
David Suárez-Iglesias; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Miguel A Sanchez-Lastra; Susana María Gil; Carlos Ayán. Effectiveness of equine-assisted therapies for improving health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 2021, 55, 1 .
AMA StyleDavid Suárez-Iglesias, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Miguel A Sanchez-Lastra, Susana María Gil, Carlos Ayán. Effectiveness of equine-assisted therapies for improving health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. 2021; 55 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Suárez-Iglesias; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Miguel A Sanchez-Lastra; Susana María Gil; Carlos Ayán. 2021. "Effectiveness of equine-assisted therapies for improving health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 55, no. : 1.
The relative age effect (RAE) has primarily been investigated in male athletes involved in popular sports and high-level competitions. However, occurrence of RAE in other types of sports at the grassroots level, particularly in female athletes, is less well-studied. Thus, we examined the RAE in a large cohort of young athletes who participated in all competitive sports in Bizkaia, Spain, according to gender and specificity of the sport. The birth dates of 38,381 participants (65.1% males and 34.9% females) aged 9-14 years old in 37 competitive sports were analyzed. Birth dates were divided into four birth-quarters and compared to those of all children born in the same period using a χ2 goodness-of-fit test and standardized residuals. The effect size Cramer's V was measured, and odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the odds of athletes born in January playing in the highest leagues. In the total sample, in boys RAE was evident in football, but only in higher-competition leagues (p<0.001, large effect size). In girls, RAE was evident in the most popular team sports: basketball (p<0.001, large effect size in basketball 1st league), handball and football (p<0.05, both small effect sizes). Players born in January were 3.23- and 2.89-times more likely to play in the 1st leagues than those born in December, for boys (football) and girls (basketball) respectively. In the overall analysis and in the remaining sports, presence of RAE was negligible. Therefore, the date of birth does not seem to be a constraint to participating in most sports in Bizkaia. The potential mechanisms for RAE are multifactorial and complex, yet a combination of factors, such as the popularity of a sport and the depth of competition, physicality and social influences may be involved. We discuss these mechanisms and potential measures to mitigate RAE.
Susana M Gil; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Jon Larruskain; Izaro Esain; Jon Irazusta. The relative age effect in young athletes: A countywide analysis of 9-14-year-old participants in all competitive sports. PLoS ONE 2021, 16, e0254687 .
AMA StyleSusana M Gil, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Jon Larruskain, Izaro Esain, Jon Irazusta. The relative age effect in young athletes: A countywide analysis of 9-14-year-old participants in all competitive sports. PLoS ONE. 2021; 16 (7):e0254687.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana M Gil; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Jon Larruskain; Izaro Esain; Jon Irazusta. 2021. "The relative age effect in young athletes: A countywide analysis of 9-14-year-old participants in all competitive sports." PLoS ONE 16, no. 7: e0254687.
The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of social distancing on physical activity (PA) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in active Spanish older adults according to their physical functionality. The study included 58 older adults aged 76.24 ± 6.00 years who were enrolled in a supervised physical exercise program before the COVID-19 outbreak. Anthropometric, physical function, physical activity and HRQoL were measured at baseline (October 2019). After the two-month lockdown due to the COVID-19, questionnaires were collected again during de-escalation (May 2020). Participants were divided into high- (n = 29) and low-functionality (n = 29) groups. Total PA, walking and cleaning significantly decreased (p < 0.001) whilst exercising or dancing increased (p < 0.001). General health, social and emotional role functioning dimensions and overall mental component scores worsened (p < 0.01–p < 0.05). Low-functionality participants had significantly lower physical functioning scores at baseline (p < 0.01) and lower bodily pain scores at de-escalation (p < 0.01). Emotional role functioning dimension and overall mental component significantly decreased only in low-functionality participants (p < 0.05). Although PA levels decreased significantly, older adults continued being active regardless of their functionality. While mental HRQoL in participants with higher physical functionality remained unchanged, participants with lower functional capacity had a higher risk of mental health concerns. Therefore, attention should focus on strategies to mitigate the negative effects of distancing measures on older people’s mental health, especially in those with lower functionality.
Izaro Esain; Susana Gil; Iratxe Duñabeitia; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona. Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults Who Regularly Exercise. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3771 .
AMA StyleIzaro Esain, Susana Gil, Iratxe Duñabeitia, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona. Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults Who Regularly Exercise. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzaro Esain; Susana Gil; Iratxe Duñabeitia; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona. 2021. "Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults Who Regularly Exercise." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3771.
Physical exercise protects against age-related cognitive decline. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may mediate some of the cognitive benefits of physical exercise, but the effect of physical exercise on serum BDNF is unclear. Indeed, differential findings have been reported depending on the characteristics of the participants and the intensity, duration, and type of exercise. The aim of this study was to determine whether three different physical exercise interventions alter serum BDNF levels in older adults living in long-term nursing homes (LTNHs) and whether changes in physical, cognitive, and dual-task performance are related to changes in serum BDNF. LTNH study participants (n = 126) were randomly assigned to multicomponent or dual-task training or a walking program and serum BDNF levels were analyzed by ELISA. We also assessed physical, cognitive, and dual-task parameters. Neither the multicomponent, dual-task, nor walking exercise programs caused changes in serum BDNF concentration in older adults living in LTNHs. Changes in BDNF during the interventions were not significantly associated with modifications in physical, cognitive or dual-task performance parameters. Our results provide new evidence clarifying the relationship between physical and cognitive exercise and BDNF.
Chloe Rezola-Pardo; Gotzone Hervás; Haritz Arrieta; Alejandra Hernández-De Diego; Fatima Ruiz-Litago; Susana Maria Gil; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad; Jon Irazusta. Physical exercise interventions have no effect on serum BDNF concentration in older adults living in long-term nursing homes. Experimental Gerontology 2020, 139, 111024 .
AMA StyleChloe Rezola-Pardo, Gotzone Hervás, Haritz Arrieta, Alejandra Hernández-De Diego, Fatima Ruiz-Litago, Susana Maria Gil, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad, Jon Irazusta. Physical exercise interventions have no effect on serum BDNF concentration in older adults living in long-term nursing homes. Experimental Gerontology. 2020; 139 ():111024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChloe Rezola-Pardo; Gotzone Hervás; Haritz Arrieta; Alejandra Hernández-De Diego; Fatima Ruiz-Litago; Susana Maria Gil; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad; Jon Irazusta. 2020. "Physical exercise interventions have no effect on serum BDNF concentration in older adults living in long-term nursing homes." Experimental Gerontology 139, no. : 111024.
Aim To evaluate the effects of 3 months of exercise cessation in physically active older individuals on inflammatory biomarkers and adiponectin, and examine any association modifications in physical functioning. Methods We evaluated the effects of exercise cessation in 49 physically active older adults on inflammatory biomarkers, adiponectin and physical functioning. Participants (38 women, 11 men) were aged >65 years old and had attended a 9‐month supervised exercise program. After 3 months of exercise cessation, we measured anthropometry, physical activity, strength, balance, endurance exercise, cholesterol, triglycerides, C‐reactive protein, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, interleukin‐6 and adiponectin levels. Results Adiponectin was positively correlated with high‐density lipoprotein and negatively correlated with triglyceride levels after exercise cessation. Higher adiponectin levels were correlated with worse dynamic balance, endurance exercise and lower limb strength (men only), which might be explained by the adiponectin resistance hypothesis. Conclusions Adiponectin therefore might be a promising biomarker of physical dysfunction in older adults, although further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms involved in its double‐sided effects. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
Izaro Esain; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Susana M Gil. Exercise cessation in active older adults: Effects on inflammatory markers and adiponectin. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 2020, 20, 494 -499.
AMA StyleIzaro Esain, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Susana M Gil. Exercise cessation in active older adults: Effects on inflammatory markers and adiponectin. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2020; 20 (5):494-499.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzaro Esain; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Susana M Gil. 2020. "Exercise cessation in active older adults: Effects on inflammatory markers and adiponectin." Geriatrics & Gerontology International 20, no. 5: 494-499.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to ascertain the influence of relative age on entry to a professional soccer club and on long-term career attainment. Methods: We analysed the birth dates (divided into four birth quarters, BQ) and the career attainment of 1,071 soccer players who entered their club in the under 12(U12), U14, U16, U19, Reserves and 1st Team groups. Results: There was an overrepresentation of players born in BQ1 in all groups except from the Reserves and 1st Team. Forty players (4.7%) became professional, 18 born in BQ1 and 9 in BQ4. More players born in BQ4 who had entered the club in the U12 and U14 groups became professional, compared to players born in the rest of the quarters. The odds for a player born in BQ4 to become professional were 3 times larger, 95% CI [1.38, 6.56] than players born in the rest of the BQs. Conclusions: The overrepresentation of relatively older players is evident among players that entered the club at younger ages. Although this overrepresentation declines with increasing age, it influences career attainment. Interestingly, once relatively young players are within the club, their chances to become professional are larger.
Susana M Gil; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Imanol Martin-Garetxana; Jose A Lekue; Jon Larruskain. Does birth date influence career attainment in professional soccer? Science and Medicine in Football 2019, 4, 119 -126.
AMA StyleSusana M Gil, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Imanol Martin-Garetxana, Jose A Lekue, Jon Larruskain. Does birth date influence career attainment in professional soccer? Science and Medicine in Football. 2019; 4 (2):119-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusana M Gil; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Imanol Martin-Garetxana; Jose A Lekue; Jon Larruskain. 2019. "Does birth date influence career attainment in professional soccer?" Science and Medicine in Football 4, no. 2: 119-126.
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by decreasing functional reserves and increasing vulnerability to falls, injuries and declining health, leading to dependence upon caregivers. Frailty is associated not only with physical decline, but also with cognitive and psychological impairments in aging people. Higher serum adiponectin concentration has been linked to better performance on frailty measures but also to worse cognitive status. Nonetheless, several studies have proposed adiponectin as a frailty biomarker. To further delineate the relationship between adiponectin serum levels and frailty-related parameters, we studied a population of 112 long-term nursing home residents (aged 84.9 ± 6.7) and analyzed their serum adiponectin levels in conjunction with frailty-related parameters including body composition, physical fitness, cognitive function, psychological parameters and quality of life. Frailty was assessed following the Fried Frailty Criteria, the Clinical Frailty Scale and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. In women, higher serum adiponectin levels were associated with lower body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, fat mass/height2, lean mass, lean mass/height2 and smaller waist circumference and hip circumference (p < 0.05). In men, the association was positive (p < 0.05) between serum adiponectin and percentage of fat mass and negative between serum adiponectin and percentage of lean mass. Interestingly, in men, better cognitive function was inversely related to adiponectin (p < 0.05) while decreased anxiety was linked to a higher concentration of adiponectin in women (p < 0.05). According to the Tilburg Frailty Indicator, frail men had lower levels of adiponectin than those who were not frail (p < 0.05). Variables that predicted adiponectin concentration in multiple regression models were different for women and men. In women, lean mass and anxiety were independent negative predictors of blood adiponectin (β = −0.363, p = 0.002; β = −0.204, p = 0.067, respectively). In men, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test was the only parameter to remain significant in the regression model (β = −439, p = 0.015). The results of our study show that adiponectin is linked to body composition, cognitive function and anxiety in long-term nursing home residents with differential relationships by sex. Further studies should be conducted to determine whether adiponectin is a valid and reliable frailty biomarker.
B. Sanz; H. Arrieta; G. Hervás; C. Rezola-Pardo; F. Ruiz-Litago; M. Iturburu; S.M. Gil; A. Rodríguez-Larrad; J. Irazusta. Serum adiponectin is associated with body composition and cognitive and psychological status in older adults living in long-term nursing homes. Experimental Gerontology 2019, 121, 1 -9.
AMA StyleB. Sanz, H. Arrieta, G. Hervás, C. Rezola-Pardo, F. Ruiz-Litago, M. Iturburu, S.M. Gil, A. Rodríguez-Larrad, J. Irazusta. Serum adiponectin is associated with body composition and cognitive and psychological status in older adults living in long-term nursing homes. Experimental Gerontology. 2019; 121 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Sanz; H. Arrieta; G. Hervás; C. Rezola-Pardo; F. Ruiz-Litago; M. Iturburu; S.M. Gil; A. Rodríguez-Larrad; J. Irazusta. 2019. "Serum adiponectin is associated with body composition and cognitive and psychological status in older adults living in long-term nursing homes." Experimental Gerontology 121, no. : 1-9.
J. Barrenetxea-Garcia; J. Torres-Unda; I. Esain; A. Rodriguez-Larrad; S.M. Gil. Relative age effect and performance in elite male and female water polo players. Science & Sports 2019, 34, 175 -177.
AMA StyleJ. Barrenetxea-Garcia, J. Torres-Unda, I. Esain, A. Rodriguez-Larrad, S.M. Gil. Relative age effect and performance in elite male and female water polo players. Science & Sports. 2019; 34 (3):175-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Barrenetxea-Garcia; J. Torres-Unda; I. Esain; A. Rodriguez-Larrad; S.M. Gil. 2019. "Relative age effect and performance in elite male and female water polo players." Science & Sports 34, no. 3: 175-177.
The purpose of the Aging-ONDUAL-TASK study is to determine if a supervised dual-task program carried out in long-term nursing homes is able to attenuate frailty in a greater extent than the same multicomponent exercise program alone. This multicenter randomized controlled trial will include 188 participants who will be randomly allocated to either a multicomponent exercise program or to the same multicomponent program with simultaneous cognitive training (dual-task training). Inclusion criteria are as follows: ≥ 70 years, ≥ 50 on the Barthel Index, ≥ 20 on the Mini Examen Cognoscitivo (MEC-35) who are able to stand up and walk independently for 10 m. Subjects in the multicomponent group will attend a twice-a-week multicomponent exercise program of 1-h duration per session, consisting of strength and balance exercises. Participants in the dual-task group will perform the same multicomponent exercise program with concurrent individually tailored cognitive tasks. Study assessments will be conducted at baseline and at 3 months. The primary outcome measure will be gait speed under dual-task conditions and secondary outcomes will include physical fitness measurements, gait spatiotemporal parameters, cognition and emotional assessments, several frailty scales and objectively measured physical activity. The present research will add valuable information to the knowledge around the effects of the dual-task program in long-term nursing home residents, taking altogether physical, cognitive and emotional variables linked to frailty. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) with the identifier: ACTRN12618000536268. Registration date: 11/04/2018.
Chloe Rezola-Pardo; Haritz Arrieta; Susana Maria Gil; Jose Javier Yanguas; Miren Iturburu; Jon Irazusta; Begoña Sanz; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. A randomized controlled trial protocol to test the efficacy of a dual-task multicomponent exercise program in the attenuation of frailty in long-term nursing home residents: Aging-ONDUAL-TASK study. BMC Geriatrics 2019, 19, 1 -9.
AMA StyleChloe Rezola-Pardo, Haritz Arrieta, Susana Maria Gil, Jose Javier Yanguas, Miren Iturburu, Jon Irazusta, Begoña Sanz, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. A randomized controlled trial protocol to test the efficacy of a dual-task multicomponent exercise program in the attenuation of frailty in long-term nursing home residents: Aging-ONDUAL-TASK study. BMC Geriatrics. 2019; 19 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChloe Rezola-Pardo; Haritz Arrieta; Susana Maria Gil; Jose Javier Yanguas; Miren Iturburu; Jon Irazusta; Begoña Sanz; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. 2019. "A randomized controlled trial protocol to test the efficacy of a dual-task multicomponent exercise program in the attenuation of frailty in long-term nursing home residents: Aging-ONDUAL-TASK study." BMC Geriatrics 19, no. 1: 1-9.
Little is known about the effects of detraining in older adults, particularly those who regularly exercise. To determine the consequences of 3 months of cessation of a habitual supervised exercise on functional fitness and quality of life in aged adults and to explore the associations among those parameters. Thirty-eight women and 11 men (mean age 75.5 ± 5.7 years) took part in a physical exercise program for 9 months, followed by a 3-month detraining period. Participants completed physical function tests and questionnaires regarding the quality of life and leisure-time physical activity at the end of the exercise program (baseline) and 3 months later (detraining). After the detraining period, performance in the 8 Foot Up and Go test (p < 0.001) and the physical and mental components of the quality of life (p < 0.001) declined. Significant correlations were observed when comparing the 8 Foot Up and Go test (p < 0.05), Chair Stand test (p < 0.05), and the 6-min Walk test (p < 0.001) to the physical component of the quality of life after the detraining period. Three months of a detraining period in older people who habitually undertake supervised activities is enough to produce a decline in dynamic balance and also quality of life. To avoid the deleterious effect of periods of cessation of supervised exercise, as a suggestion, specifically designed exercises could be prescribed for an older population, with emphasis on balance exercises.
Izaro Esain; Susana M. Gil; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. Effects of 3 months of detraining on functional fitness and quality of life in older adults who regularly exercise. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 2018, 31, 503 -510.
AMA StyleIzaro Esain, Susana M. Gil, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. Effects of 3 months of detraining on functional fitness and quality of life in older adults who regularly exercise. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2018; 31 (4):503-510.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzaro Esain; Susana M. Gil; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. 2018. "Effects of 3 months of detraining on functional fitness and quality of life in older adults who regularly exercise." Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 31, no. 4: 503-510.
Most studies of the relative age effect (RAE) refer to popular sports. In contrast, we examined to what extent the RAE is present in elite water polo players, as well as the association between handedness and RAE. For these purposes, laterality, anthropometry, month of birth, performance and playing position of participants in the 2011, 2013 and 2015 World Championships (623 women, 622 men) were analised. No RAE was observed in the total sample. However, the proportion of male left-handed field players born in the first quarter (11%) was lower than those born in the second (35.3%) and fourth quarter (29.4%). Regarding the overall laterality, the amount of left handed players was similar to the general population (10%). Nevertheless, there was a larger amount of left-handed wings than expected both in men (23.7%) and women (34.4%). Left-handed male players performed more shots, shots/minute and also scored more goals than right-handed players. Women left-handed players were younger and they performed more shots/minute. There is no RAE in elite male and female water polo players. However, laterality could be a possible moderator of the RAE particularly in left handed players, which should be taken into account in future studies.
Josu Barrenetxea-Garcia; Jon Torres-Unda; Izaro Esain; Susana M Gil. Relative age effect and left-handedness in world class water polo male and female players. Laterality 2018, 24, 259 -273.
AMA StyleJosu Barrenetxea-Garcia, Jon Torres-Unda, Izaro Esain, Susana M Gil. Relative age effect and left-handedness in world class water polo male and female players. Laterality. 2018; 24 (3):259-273.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosu Barrenetxea-Garcia; Jon Torres-Unda; Izaro Esain; Susana M Gil. 2018. "Relative age effect and left-handedness in world class water polo male and female players." Laterality 24, no. 3: 259-273.
This study compared the effects of a capacitive-resistive electric transfer therapy (Tecar) and passive rest on physiological and biomechanical parameters in recreational runners when performed shortly after an exhausting training session. Randomized controlled crossover trial. University biomechanical research laboratory. Fourteen trained male runners Physiological (running economy, oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, heart rate, blood lactate concentration) and biomechanical (step length; stride angle, height, frequency, and contact time; swing time; contact phase; support phase; push-off phase) parameters were measured during two incremental treadmill running tests performed two days apart after an exhaustive training session. When running at 14 km/h and 16 km/h, the Tecar treatment group presented greater increases in stride length (p < 0.001), angle (p < 0.05) and height (p < 0.001) between the first and second tests than the control group and, accordingly, greater decreases in stride frequency (p < 0.05). Physiological parameters were similar between groups. The present study suggests that a Tecar therapy intervention enhances biomechanical parameters in recreational runners after an exhaustive training session more than passive rest, generating a more efficient running pattern without affecting selected physiological parameters.
Iratxe Duñabeitia; Haritz Arrieta; Jon Torres-Unda; Javier Gil; Jordan Santos-Concejero; Susana M. Gil; Jon Irazusta; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona. Effects of a capacitive-resistive electric transfer therapy on physiological and biomechanical parameters in recreational runners: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Physical Therapy in Sport 2018, 32, 227 -234.
AMA StyleIratxe Duñabeitia, Haritz Arrieta, Jon Torres-Unda, Javier Gil, Jordan Santos-Concejero, Susana M. Gil, Jon Irazusta, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona. Effects of a capacitive-resistive electric transfer therapy on physiological and biomechanical parameters in recreational runners: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2018; 32 ():227-234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIratxe Duñabeitia; Haritz Arrieta; Jon Torres-Unda; Javier Gil; Jordan Santos-Concejero; Susana M. Gil; Jon Irazusta; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona. 2018. "Effects of a capacitive-resistive electric transfer therapy on physiological and biomechanical parameters in recreational runners: A randomized controlled crossover trial." Physical Therapy in Sport 32, no. : 227-234.
Few studies have simultaneously examined changes in physical, cognitive and emotional performance throughout the aging process. Baseline data from an ongoing experimental randomized study were analyzed. Physical activity, handgrip, the Senior Fitness Test, Trail Making Test A, Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease Scale (QoL-AD) and the Goldberg Depression Scale were used to assess study participants. Logistic regression models were applied. ACTRN12616001044415 (04/08/2016). The study enrolled 114 participants with a mean age of 84.9 (standard deviation 6.9) years from ten different nursing homes. After adjusting for age, gender and education level, upper limb muscle strength was found to be associated with Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test [EXP(B): 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.30] and QoL-AD [EXP(B): 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.31]. Similarly, the number of steps taken per day was negatively associated with the risk of depression according to the Goldberg Depression Scale [EXP(B): 1.14, 95% CI: 1.000-1.003]. Additional analyses suggest that the factors associated with these variables are different according to the need for using an assistive device for walking. In those participants who used it, upper limb muscle strength remained associated with Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test [EXP(B): 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.44] and QoL-AD tests [EXP(B): 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.40]. In those individuals who did not need an assistive device for walking, lower limb muscle strength was associated with Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test [EXP(B): 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07-1.69], time spent in light physical activity was associated with QoL-AD test [EXP(B): 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02], and the number of steps walked per day was negatively associated with the risk of depression according to the Goldberg Depression Scale [EXP(B): 1.27, 95% CI: 1.000-1.004]. Muscle strength and physical activity are factors positively associated with a better performance on the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, QoL-AD and Goldberg Depression Scale in older adults with mild to moderate cognitive impairment living in nursing homes. These associations appeared to differ according to the use of an assistive device for walking. Our findings support the need for the implementation of interventions directed to increase the strength and physical activity of individuals living in nursing homes to promote physical, cognitive and emotional benefits. ACTRN12616001044415 (04/08/2016).
Haritz Arrieta; Chloe Rezola-Pardo; Iñaki Echeverría; Miren Iturburu; Susana María Gil; José Javier Yanguas; Jon Irazusta; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. Physical activity and fitness are associated with verbal memory, quality of life and depression among nursing home residents: preliminary data of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics 2018, 18, 80 .
AMA StyleHaritz Arrieta, Chloe Rezola-Pardo, Iñaki Echeverría, Miren Iturburu, Susana María Gil, José Javier Yanguas, Jon Irazusta, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. Physical activity and fitness are associated with verbal memory, quality of life and depression among nursing home residents: preliminary data of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics. 2018; 18 (1):80.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaritz Arrieta; Chloe Rezola-Pardo; Iñaki Echeverría; Miren Iturburu; Susana María Gil; José Javier Yanguas; Jon Irazusta; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. 2018. "Physical activity and fitness are associated with verbal memory, quality of life and depression among nursing home residents: preliminary data of a randomized controlled trial." BMC Geriatrics 18, no. 1: 80.
To investigate the impact of a multicomponent exercise program on anthropometry, physical function, and physical activity on older adults living in long-term nursing homes (LTNH), we conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 112 participants aged 84.9 ± 6.9 years. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (IG) or control group (CG). The IG participated in a 3-month multicomponent exercise intervention focused on strength, balance, stretching exercises, and walking recommendations. Subjects in the CG participated in routine activities. Analyses of outcome parameters were performed in the entire sample and in two subgroups, classified according to participants' physical function score at baseline. The group-by-time interaction, favoring the IG, was significant for the entire sample and for the participants in the low physical function subgroup for the following parameters: waist circumference, 30-s chair-stand, arm-curl, 8-ft timed up-and-go, SPPB score, gait speed, and Berg scale (p < .05). In participants with higher physical function at baseline, significant group-by-time interaction was observed in the SPPB score and Berg scale (p < .05). When differences were analyzed within groups, the IG maintained or improved in all assessed parameters, while participants in the CG showed a marked decline. Our study showed that a multicomponent exercise program is effective for older people living in LTNH. This is especially relevant in those with lower physical function scores. The lower efficacy of the program in participants with better function might be due to the insufficient exercise demands of our intervention for more fit residents. Future studies should analyze the effects of programs with higher intensities in older people with intermediate to high physical function.
Haritz Arrieta; Chloe Rezola-Pardo; Idoia Zarrazquin; Iñaki Echeverria; Jose Javier Yanguas; Miren Iturburu; Susana Maria Gil; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad; Jon Irazusta. A multicomponent exercise program improves physical function in long-term nursing home residents: A randomized controlled trial. Experimental Gerontology 2018, 103, 94 -100.
AMA StyleHaritz Arrieta, Chloe Rezola-Pardo, Idoia Zarrazquin, Iñaki Echeverria, Jose Javier Yanguas, Miren Iturburu, Susana Maria Gil, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad, Jon Irazusta. A multicomponent exercise program improves physical function in long-term nursing home residents: A randomized controlled trial. Experimental Gerontology. 2018; 103 ():94-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaritz Arrieta; Chloe Rezola-Pardo; Idoia Zarrazquin; Iñaki Echeverria; Jose Javier Yanguas; Miren Iturburu; Susana Maria Gil; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad; Jon Irazusta. 2018. "A multicomponent exercise program improves physical function in long-term nursing home residents: A randomized controlled trial." Experimental Gerontology 103, no. : 94-100.
Numerous studies have reported the benefits of physical exercise in older adults. However, studies performed in long-term nursing home (LTNH) residents are scarce. A literature search was conducted to identify physical exercise intervention studies that were randomized and controlled and that assessed gait ability in older LTNH residents using both walking speed and timed up-and-go (TUG) tests simultaneously. Together, these tests have been defined under the term "gait ability"; they are widely used to screen for impaired physical function, and can predict accelerated functional decline, difficulty with activities of daily living (ADL), falls, and disability in older adults. Multicomponent physical exercise programs are effective in improving or maintaining gait ability in older LTNH residents. The studies included in this review show substantial heterogeneity in terms of participant characteristics (age, baseline TUG performance, and walking speed), types of evaluated intervention (multicomponent and gait retraining programs), duration of the intervention (ranging from four weeks to 12 months), duration of physical exercise sessions (ranging from 30 min to 1 h), and exercise intensity (from 40% to 60-70% RM). Due to this heterogeneity, no firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the impact of exercise programs on gait ability in LTNH residents. However, the results of this review should encourage the gathering of additional evidence to support the use of multicomponent exercise programs by older individuals.
Haritz Arrieta; Chloe Rezola-Pardo; Susana María Gil; Jon Irazusta; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. Physical training maintains or improves gait ability in long-term nursing home residents: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas 2018, 109, 45 -52.
AMA StyleHaritz Arrieta, Chloe Rezola-Pardo, Susana María Gil, Jon Irazusta, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. Physical training maintains or improves gait ability in long-term nursing home residents: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas. 2018; 109 ():45-52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaritz Arrieta; Chloe Rezola-Pardo; Susana María Gil; Jon Irazusta; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad. 2018. "Physical training maintains or improves gait ability in long-term nursing home residents: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials." Maturitas 109, no. : 45-52.
We investigated whether heart rate (HR)-derived parameters are accurate performance predictors in endurance recreational runners. One hundred thirty recreational athletes completed an incremental running test (4´running + 1´rest). After each stage, we recorded HR, % of maximum HR (%HRmax), and blood lactate. We also assessed HR after each recovery period, and calculated lactate and HR recovery thresholds and HR deflection point. We tested these parameters for associations with running performance, as measured by peak treadmill speed (PTS) and personal best International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score. The %HRmax at 14.5 km·h-1 correlated with PTS (r = -0.92), and IAAF score (rho = -0.80). The magnitudes of the correlations of lactate-related parameters with PTS (|r| = 0.84 to 0.86) or IAAF score (|rho| = 0.70 to 0.77) in absolute values were slightly lower. The correlations detected between other HR-derived parameters and running performance were weaker (|r or rho| = 0.24 to 0.70). Regression models identified %HRmax at 14.5 km·h-1 as the strongest predictor of both PTS (β = -0.72) and IAAF score (β = -0.72). Consequently, tests based on %HRmax may provide a non-invasive and inexpensive alternate method for predicting the performance of these athletes.
Urtats Etxegarai; Ainhoa Insunza; Jon Larruskain; Jordan Santos-Concejero; Susana M Gil; Eva Portillo; Jon Irazusta. Prediction of performance by heart rate-derived parameters in recreational runners. Journal of Sports Sciences 2018, 36, 2129 -2137.
AMA StyleUrtats Etxegarai, Ainhoa Insunza, Jon Larruskain, Jordan Santos-Concejero, Susana M Gil, Eva Portillo, Jon Irazusta. Prediction of performance by heart rate-derived parameters in recreational runners. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2018; 36 (18):2129-2137.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUrtats Etxegarai; Ainhoa Insunza; Jon Larruskain; Jordan Santos-Concejero; Susana M Gil; Eva Portillo; Jon Irazusta. 2018. "Prediction of performance by heart rate-derived parameters in recreational runners." Journal of Sports Sciences 36, no. 18: 2129-2137.
To investigate the association of candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with non-contact hamstring muscle injuries in elite soccer players, and to create and validate a model to assess the risk of hamstring injury. 107 elite male outfield players were prospectively followed for 6 seasons. Players were genotyped for 37 SNPs previously investigated in relation to musculoskeletal injuries. The association of SNPs, previous injury, age, level of play, position and anthropometric data with 129 hamstring injuries (413 observations) was investigated in the discovery phase (2010-2015), and a multivariable Cox-frailty model was created using forward selection. The model’s discriminative ability was tested in the validation phase (2015-2016, 31 injuries, 98 observations) using Harrell’s C index. Five SNPs were found to be significantly associated with hamstring injury in a multivariable model, MMP3 (Matrix metalloproteinase-3) rs679620 (A vs. G, hazard ratio (HR)=2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.51-2.81), TNC (Tenascin-C) rs2104772 (A vs. T, HR=1.65, 95% CI=1.17-2.32), IL6 (Interleukin-6) rs1800795 (GG vs. GC+CC, HR=1.68, 95% CI=1.11-2.53), NOS3 (Nitric oxide synthase-3) rs1799983 (G vs. T, HR=1.35, 95% CI=1.01-1.79), and HIF1A (Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) rs11549465 (CC vs. CT, HR=2.08, 95% CI=1.00-4.29). Age also entered the model (≥24 vs. <24 years, HR=2.10, 95% CI=1.29-3.42). The model showed acceptable discrimination in the discovery phase (C index=0.74), but not in the validation phase (C index=0.52). Genetic variants appear to be involved in the etiology of hamstring injuries, but were not found to have predictive value by themselves. Further research, increasing the number of genetic variants and including environmental factors in complex multifactorial risk models is necessary.
Jon Larruskain; David Celorrio; Irantzu Barrio; Adrian Odriozola; Susana Maria GIL Orozko; Juan Ramon Fernandez-Lopez; Raúl Nozal; Isusko Ortuzar; Jose A. Lekue; Jose M. Aznar. Genetic Variants and Hamstring Injury in Soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2018, 50, 361 -368.
AMA StyleJon Larruskain, David Celorrio, Irantzu Barrio, Adrian Odriozola, Susana Maria GIL Orozko, Juan Ramon Fernandez-Lopez, Raúl Nozal, Isusko Ortuzar, Jose A. Lekue, Jose M. Aznar. Genetic Variants and Hamstring Injury in Soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2018; 50 (2):361-368.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJon Larruskain; David Celorrio; Irantzu Barrio; Adrian Odriozola; Susana Maria GIL Orozko; Juan Ramon Fernandez-Lopez; Raúl Nozal; Isusko Ortuzar; Jose A. Lekue; Jose M. Aznar. 2018. "Genetic Variants and Hamstring Injury in Soccer." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 2: 361-368.
The effects of regular exercise on physical functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) have been thoroughly studied. In contrast, little is known about the changes which occur following cessation of activity (detraining). Here, we have investigated the effect of a 3 month detraining period on HRQOL and on handgrip strength in elderly people who had regularly exercised, and examined the association of these variables with falls. Thirty-eight women and 11 men (mean age, 75.5±5.7 years) took part in a supervised physical exercise program for 9 months, followed by a 3 month detraining period. Participants completed the SF-36 HRQOL questionnaire at the beginning of detraining (baseline) and 3 months later. Handgrip strength and number of falls were also recorded. Participants had been exercising for 12.1±8.7 years. After the detraining period, we found a significant (p < 0.001–-0.05) decline in all SF-36 dimensions, with the exception of handgrip strength. Women presented a larger decline (p < 0.05) in more items than men. During the detraining period, 18.4% participants had a fall incident. HRQOL declined in both fallers and non-fallers during detraining. Interestingly, fallers already had at baseline significantly lower values in physical functioning (p < 0.05), emotional role (p < 0.05) and mental health (p < 0.01), than non-fallers. An important decline was found in most items of the SF-36 following a 3 month detraining period, particularly in women. In contrast, strength of the upper limb was not affected by the detraining. The prior lower HRQOL values of those who will subsequently fall suggest that this criterion should be studied as a candidate risk factor for falls. Efforts should be made to encourage the elderly to continue with exercise activities and/or to shorten holiday break periods, in order to maintain their quality of life. The protocol was registered as a clinical trial in the ANZCTR (trial ID: ACTRN12617000716369).
Izaro Esain; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Susana María Gil. Health-related quality of life, handgrip strength and falls during detraining in elderly habitual exercisers. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2017, 15, 226 -226.
AMA StyleIzaro Esain, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona, Susana María Gil. Health-related quality of life, handgrip strength and falls during detraining in elderly habitual exercisers. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2017; 15 (1):226-226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzaro Esain; Ana Rodriguez-Larrad; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona; Susana María Gil. 2017. "Health-related quality of life, handgrip strength and falls during detraining in elderly habitual exercisers." Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 15, no. 1: 226-226.
Pubertal growth in body size and functional capacities were examined in adolescent soccer players (n = 33). The average age at baseline was 10.9 (9.8–11.8 years). Peak height velocity (PHV) and growth curves for body mass and functional performance (countermovement jump, 15-m sprint, agility and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test – level 1) were determined with Bayesian multilevel models. Estimates for PHV and age at PHV were 8.1 cm/year (95% credible interval: 4.2–18.5 cm/year) and 12.9 years (95% credible interval: 11.8–15.5 years), respectively. Peak body mass velocity occurred 0.48 year after PHV. Jump performance maximum velocity occurred about 2 years after PHV and peak sprint performance maximum velocity was coincident with PHV. Agility and intermittent endurance run performance showed a quadratic trend of improvement of performance, starting to level off at about 3–4 years after PHV. The modelling procedures were efficient to determine pubertal growth curves aligned for chronological age and age at PHV, considering individual differences in maturation when interpreting the development of performance in youth soccer.
Humberto Moreira Carvalho; José A. Lekue; Susana M. Gil; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona. Pubertal development of body size and soccer-specific functional capacities in adolescent players. Research in Sports Medicine 2017, 25, 421 -436.
AMA StyleHumberto Moreira Carvalho, José A. Lekue, Susana M. Gil, Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona. Pubertal development of body size and soccer-specific functional capacities in adolescent players. Research in Sports Medicine. 2017; 25 (4):421-436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHumberto Moreira Carvalho; José A. Lekue; Susana M. Gil; Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona. 2017. "Pubertal development of body size and soccer-specific functional capacities in adolescent players." Research in Sports Medicine 25, no. 4: 421-436.