Objectives.Sclerostin, an osteocyte-specific protein, has been found to be related to adiposity and glucose metabolism. Irisin, a myokine, can affect browning of white fat and influence glucose and energy homeostasis. Taken together, this suggests a probable network among fat, bone, and muscle that may influence health outcomes. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship of circulating sclerostin and irisin and their association with adiposity (assessed by body mass index (BMI)).Materials/Methods.A cross-sectional study included 98 adults with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance. 75 gm OGTT was performed in all subjects. Fasting plasma samples were obtained for glycated hemoglobin, calcium, creatinine, serum sclerostin and irisin.Results.Circulating irisin and sclerostin were highly correlated(r=-0.4;P<0.001). After controlling for age, gender, and BMI, irisin was significantly related to sclerostin(P<0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that circulating sclerostin(β=-0.45;P<0.05)and irisin(β=-0.46;P<0.05)were negatively associated with BMI, independent of age in males. In females, no relationship of sclerostin or irisin to BMI was found.Conclusions.Circulating irisin and sclerostin are highly related. Interventions targeting irisin could affect sclerostin and vice versa.

Background. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and/or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are uncommon and life-threatening drug reaction associated with a high morbidity and mortality.Objective. We studied SJS and/or TEN by conducting a retrospective analysis of 87 patients treated during a 10-year period.Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of the records of all patients with a diagnosis of SJS and/or TEN based on clinical features and histological confirmation of SJS and/or TEN was not available at the Department of Medicine, Vajira hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. The data were collected from two groups from 2003 to 2007 and 2008 to 2012.Results. A total of 87 cases of SJS and/or TEN were found, comprising 44 males and 43 females whose mean age was 46.5 years. The average length of stay was 17 days. Antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and allopurinol were the major culprit drugs in both groups. The mean SCORTEN on admission was 2.1 in first the group while 1.7 in second the group. From 2008 to 2012, thirty-nine patients (76.5%) were treated with corticosteroids while only eight patients (22.2%) were treated between 2003 and 2007. The mortality rate declined from 25% from the first group to 13.7% in the second group. Complications between first and second groups had no significant differences.Conclusions. Short-term corticosteroids may contribute to a reduced mortality rate in SJS and/or TEN without increasing secondary infection. Further well-designed studies are required to compare the effect of corticosteroids treatment for SJS and/or TEN.

Background. Protein supplementation has been shown to be effective for the treatment of malnourished patients with liver cirrhosis. The parameters used to assess nutritional improvement in cirrhotic patients for such treatment are important. Objective. To evaluate the parameters for assessment of nutritional status in patients with liver cirrhosis after protein supplementation. Material and Method. A cross-sectional, prospective clinical trial with 22 cirrhotic patients was performed. Data from anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, subjective global assessment (SGA), and visceral protein were gathered and analyzed to assess nutritional improvement after protein supplementation. Results. Twenty-two cirrhotic patients (mean age years; 54.5% male; 63.6% alcoholic cirrhosis; 63.6% Child-Pugh C) were recruited. After protein supplementation, a significant improvement was demonstrated in the SGA class A from 10 patients (45.5%) to 16 (72.7%) and 18 (81.8%) at the 4th and 8th weeks, respectively. Body weight, body mass index, and lean muscle mass were significantly increased from baseline at the 8th week. No significant change in other nutritional parameters was observed. Conclusions. The SGA and lean muscle mass were significant parameters in order to assess nutritional status in cirrhotic patients after protein supplementation.

Background. Limiting egg consumption to avoid high cholesterolemia is recommended to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. However, recent evidences suggest that cholesterol from diet has limited influence on serum cholesterol.Objective. To assess the effect of egg consumption on lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic adults treated with lipid-lowering drugs.Material and Method. Sixty hyperlipidemic subjects, mean age of 61 years, who had been treated with lipid-lowering drugs. Every subject was assigned to consume additional 3 eggs per day with their regular diet for 12 weeks. Measurements for lipid profiles and body compositions were performed.Results. An additional consumption of 3 eggs per day for 12 weeks increased HDL-cholesterol by2.46±6.81 mg/dL (P<0.01) and decreased LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio by0.13±0.46(P<0.05). No significant changes were found in other lipid profiles. Body weight and body mass index were significantly increased at 12th week by0.52±1.83 kg and0.31±0.99 kg/m², respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion. In hyperlipidemic adults who were treated with lipid-lowering drugs, the consumption of additional 3 eggs per day to their regular diet will increase the level of HDL-cholesterol and decrease the ratio of LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol.

Hyperglycemia after kidney transplantation is common in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Both pretransplant and post-transplant diabetes mellitus are associated with increased kidney allograft failure and mortality. Glucose management may be challenging for kidney transplant recipients. The pathophysiology and pattern of hyperglycemia in patients following kidney transplantation is different from those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In patients with pre-existing and post-transplant diabetes mellitus, there is limited data on the management of hyperglycemia after kidney transplantation. The following article discusses the nomenclature and diagnosis of pre- and post-transplant diabetes mellitus, the impact of transplant-related hyperglycemia on patient and kidney allograft outcomes, risk factors and potential pathogenic mechanisms of hyperglycemia after kidney transplantation, glucose management before and after transplantation, and modalities for prevention of post-transplant diabetes mellitus.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has a considerable influence on public health, either directly or indirectly. We investigated outpatient skin disease diagnoses at the dermatology clinic to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on these patients. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using the International Codes of Diseases data from the outpatient department of Dermatology clinic, Vajira hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand from January 2019 to June 2021. Results: A total of 20,915 patients with 34,116 skin diagnoses were included in the study. The average weekly dermatologic clinic visits remained unchanged between the years with and without COVID-19 pandemic. While the percentage of xerosis cutis, other skin infections (syphilis and parasitic infections), hair and nail disorders, pigmentary disorders, benign skin tumors and drug eruptions were significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic years, the percentage of other dermatitis, fungal and viral skin infections, acne, psoriasis, urticaria, vesiculobullous and autoimmune diseases were increased. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a minimal effect on the average weekly skin clinic visits, but the diagnosed skin diseases pattern was affected. Knowing the pattern of skin diseases may help aid hospitals to better prepare for future pandemics in securing appropriate medications and supplies and training the medical teams.