The Russian military aggression against Ukraine resulted in a humanitarian crisis. There was a mass exodus of war refugees. More than 17 million people have left Ukraine since the war broke out. The refugees who came to Poland and other countries have experienced war trauma. The study aims to assess mental health of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland. At the time of the study, that is, in April and May 2022, between 1,5 million and 2 million Ukrainian refugees were staying in Poland. They were mainly young women with their children. The CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) technique was used in the study. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling. The invitation to take part in the survey was posted on social media for Ukrainians in Poland, and also sent to the participants of a Polish as a Foreign Language course. The study utilizes the RHS-15 and a nominal scale measuring the strategies for coping with stress. The research sample consists of 737 respondents. The results of the screening tests indicate that depression, anxiety disorders and PTSD may be observed among 73% of respondents, whereas 66% of the respondents display psychological distress. The analyses have shown that higher levels of mental health disorders were observed among women and refugees who do not speak Polish. Younger respondents experienced a higher psychological distress. The results of the study also indicate that the refugees more often implemented problem-focused strategies. The analysis has shown that the respondents who followed active strategies scored the lowest on RHS-15. The emotion-focused strategies, such as praying, diverting attention by becoming involved in different activities or taking sedatives were not effective. The highest levels of disorders were present among the refugees who indicated resignation. The collected observations indicate that the main problem which might hinder their adaptation could be mental health issues, which in turn impact the general deterioration of health and the quality of life.

Wojna na Ukrainie wywołana przez napaść rosyjskiego agresora zmusiła około 7 milionów mieszkańców Ukrainy do opuszczenia swojego kraju. Jest to największy kryzys migracyjny spotykany w ostatnich latach na świecie. Znaczna część Ukraińców uciekających przed wojną przyjechała do Polski. W związku z tym zostały zrealizowane badania sondażowe, które miały na celu dokładne określenie sytuacji uchodźców. Badania miały dać odpowiedź na pytanie dotyczące tego, kim są uchodźcy w sensie społeczno-demograficznym, w jaki sposób adaptują się do rzeczywistości w Polsce, jaką mają kondycję psychiczną oraz jakie są ich plany życiowe. Do realizacji powyższych celów została wykorzystana metoda sondażu internetowego (CAWI). Próba badawcza była dobierana w sposób celowy. Do badań zakwalifikowano 737 prawidłowo wypełnionych kwestionariuszy. Wyniki badań pokazały, że do Polski w głównej mierze przybyła klasa średnia złożona z dobrze wykształconych kobiet z dziećmi, które na Ukrainie mieszkały w miastach i dobrze oceniały swoją sytuację finansową. Do Polski przyjechały ze względu na to, że tutaj miały swoich znajomych oraz Polska wydawała się być podobna pod względem językowym i kulturowym do Ukrainy. Uchodźcy najczęściej zamieszkiwali w mieszkaniach, domach samodzielnie wynajmowanych oraz opłacanych przez inne osoby. U polskich rodzin znalazło schronienie 17% respondentów. Niewielu uchodźców mieszkało w miejscach zbiorowego zakwaterowania. Uchodźcy dobrze ocenili pomoc udzielną przez Polaków. Najwyżej zostali ocenieni wolontariusze pracujący na granicy oraz polskie służby mundurowe. Większość uchodźców nie zna języka polskiego, ale się go uczy bądź chce to robić. Zdalnie pracuje na Ukrainie ⅓ badanych. W Polsce około 20% znalazło pracę, a ¾ chciałoby znaleźć pracę w przyszłości. Większość uchodźców zarejestrowała się w rejestrze PESEL. Prawie połowa dzieci uchodźców bierze udział w zajęciach online w ukraińskiej szkole. Połowa uchodźców wysłała swoje dzieci do polskiej szkoły. Aż ¾ respondentów jest doświadczona traumą wojenną mierzoną skalą RHS-15. Prawie ¾ wykazuje też wysoki poziom stresu psychologicznego. Połowa badanych uchodźców zamierza wrócić do swojego domu na Ukrainie.

This study sought to investigate the risk factors of poor psychosomatic health among students during the quarantine of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was conducted on-line, on a sample of 1978 respondents in Poland. The study was carried out towards the end of the summer 2020 semester. The questionnaire used in the study was designed so that it allows for the observation of the main risk factors which have an impact on the students’ mental health. Variance analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to determine the predictors of mental health problems. The results indicate that average and high levels of psychosomatic disorders were observed among 61% of respondents. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that an increase in the level of educational burnout, a decreased life satisfaction, and use of negative strategies of coping with stress, were accompanied by a deteriorated mental condition of students. Moreover, it was observed that female respondents scored higher on the scale of disorders in comparison to males.

The following article aims at verifying the question of psycho-social condition of youth. In the discourse on youth, theses about increasing marginalization of youth, entering adulthood being hindered and the phenomenon of psycho-wave appear. In order to verify the researched issue, survey method was used. The data was collected by means of auditorium questionnaire. The research sample was of quota character. The research sample in Poland consisted of 3479 respondents, 1289 in Ukraine and 359 in Hungary. The gathered observations refute the theses about the worsening of their psycho-social condition. Youth from all the researched countries in comparison with the generation of their parents evaluate their chances of getting a good education, a satisfying job, achieving high social status and social standing better. Higher skepticism is observed in terms of starting a family and deriving satisfaction from their lives. The researched youth are also satisfied with their lives and evaluate their future positively. The youth from post-transformational societies are of good psycho-social condition and instead of creating a problem for the society, they will constitute their vital resources.

Upon a mass influx of Ukrainian war refugees to Poland, initially positive attitudes were gradually accompanied by negative stances. this article aims to characterize the attitudes of the Polish society towards Ukrainian war refugees, and identify the areas where dysfunctions emerge due to the ar rival of a large group of war refugees. the study also demonstrates the factors associated with the development of negative attitudes towards the war refugees. empirical material for this research is derived from survey research carried out with the use of the Ariadna panel. the respondents were selected using stratified-random sampling. the research sample consisted of 1141 respondents from all regions in Poland. the survey was conducted with the use of the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) technique. the results of the study indicate that one-third of the respondents hold negative attitudes towards the refugees. the respondents stated that the arrival of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland would have a negative impact on the housing market, increase in the prices of goods and services and the condition of healthcare services. Factors such as poor financial status, younger age, the conviction of a decrease in one’s social status, a diminished sense of security, subjective experience of anomie, lack of trust and neuroticism significantly impact the attitudes of the surveyed Poles towards the war refugees from Ukraine.

This article presents the results of a research survey, which shows the relationship between neuroticism and the coronavirus pandemic, which was performed among students in Poland and Ukraine. The survey was conducted online, on a sample of 1,978 respondents in Poland and 411 in Ukraine. The results indicated that average and high levels of neuroticism were observed among 61% of respondents in Poland and 47% in Ukraine. Regression analysis revealed that the main factors correlated with the level of neuroticism were educational burnout, gender, financial situation, interest in the pandemic, and satisfaction with life. As indicated by the respondents, neuroticism increases with educational burnout, loss of economic resources, and an increase of interest in the pandemic. Moreover, it was observed that female respondents scored higher on the scale of neuroticism compared to males. Comparative analyses between the Polish and Ukrainian students indicated that the Ukrainian youth cope with quarantine and distance education better and have better mental health. The overall responses showed that in the conditions of a pandemic, neuroticism may increase among the young generation.