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In the present work we extend research into the unit bias effect and its extension—the portion size effect—by demonstrating the existence of a “Gestalt bias.” Drawing on the tenets of Gestalt psychology, we show that a unit bias effect can be observed for food portions that are composed of identical basic units, but which are subjectively grouped into, or perceived as a Gestalt—a larger whole. In three studies, we find that such subjectively constructed food wholes constitute a new (perceptual) unit that is perceived bigger than the units it is constructed from, thereby prompting increased eating and desire to eat.
Yannick Joye; Sabrina Bruyneel; Bob M Fennis. Is There a “Gestalt Bias” in Indulgence? Subjectively Constructing Food Units into Wholes (Versus Parts) Increases Desire to Eat and Actual Consumption. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleYannick Joye, Sabrina Bruyneel, Bob M Fennis. Is There a “Gestalt Bias” in Indulgence? Subjectively Constructing Food Units into Wholes (Versus Parts) Increases Desire to Eat and Actual Consumption. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYannick Joye; Sabrina Bruyneel; Bob M Fennis. 2021. "Is There a “Gestalt Bias” in Indulgence? Subjectively Constructing Food Units into Wholes (Versus Parts) Increases Desire to Eat and Actual Consumption." , no. : 1.
Background: Emotional eating, the tendency to overeat in response to negative emotions, has been linked to weight gain. However, scant evidence exists examining the prevalence and correlates of emotional eating among large samples of adults in the United States (U.S.). Hence, we examine the relationship among individual and socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and self-regulation with emotional eating patterns among U.S. adults. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 5863 Family Health Habits Survey participants. Multivariable, ordered, logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between the frequency of the desire to eat when emotionally upset (never, rarely, sometimes, often, and very often) and the independent variables. Results: Analysis reveals that 20.5% of the sample tended to emotionally eat often or very often. Being female, non-Hispanic White, and of younger age were all related to a higher likelihood of emotional eating. Additionally, inability to delay gratification (impatience) was related to an 18% increased likelihood (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.33) for emotional eating. Finally, emotional eating was significantly related to more frequent fast-food consumption. Conclusions: Program planners might need to develop targeted interventions aimed at enhancing emotional regulation skills while addressing these less healthful behaviors (e.g., fast-food intake) with the goal of obesity and chronic disease prevention.
Roni Elran Barak; Kerem Shuval; Qing Li; Reid Oetjen; Jeffrey Drope; Amy Yaroch; Bob Fennis; Matthew Harding. Emotional Eating in Adults: The role of Sociodemographics, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Self-Regulation—Findings from a U.S. National Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1744 .
AMA StyleRoni Elran Barak, Kerem Shuval, Qing Li, Reid Oetjen, Jeffrey Drope, Amy Yaroch, Bob Fennis, Matthew Harding. Emotional Eating in Adults: The role of Sociodemographics, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Self-Regulation—Findings from a U.S. National Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1744.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoni Elran Barak; Kerem Shuval; Qing Li; Reid Oetjen; Jeffrey Drope; Amy Yaroch; Bob Fennis; Matthew Harding. 2021. "Emotional Eating in Adults: The role of Sociodemographics, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Self-Regulation—Findings from a U.S. National Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1744.
We examine the effectiveness of specific nudges in the choice environment to foster healthy choice and consumption among consumers with fast vs. slow life history strategies (LHS)––short-term, impulsive, reward-sensitive (fast) vs. long-term, reflective, controlled (slow) foci––associated with low and high socio-economic status (SES), respectively. The results of two experiments, conducted in a field and an online setting, show that consumers with a fast, rather than slow, life-history strategy are more susceptible to scarcity cues, boosting choice and actual consumption of healthy foods when these cues are associated with the healthy option. Conversely, for slow LHS consumers, the evidence suggests that scarcity cues are less influential, and instead abundance cues tend to foster healthy choice. Finally, in line with the LHS logic, acute food craving mediates the impact of scarcity vs. abundance cues for fast, but not slow, strategists, while perceptions of socially validated trust in the food source fulfill this role for slow, but not fast, strategists.
Bob M. Fennis; Justina Gineikiene; Dovile Barauskaite; Guido van Koningsbruggen. Nudging health: Scarcity cues boost healthy consumption among fast rather than slow strategists (and abundance cues do the opposite). Food Quality and Preference 2020, 85, 103967 .
AMA StyleBob M. Fennis, Justina Gineikiene, Dovile Barauskaite, Guido van Koningsbruggen. Nudging health: Scarcity cues boost healthy consumption among fast rather than slow strategists (and abundance cues do the opposite). Food Quality and Preference. 2020; 85 ():103967.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBob M. Fennis; Justina Gineikiene; Dovile Barauskaite; Guido van Koningsbruggen. 2020. "Nudging health: Scarcity cues boost healthy consumption among fast rather than slow strategists (and abundance cues do the opposite)." Food Quality and Preference 85, no. : 103967.
Research on the asymmetric effect of negative versus positive affective states (induced by gains or losses) on scope of attention, both at a perceptual and a conceptual level, is abundant. However, little is known about the moderating effect of anticipating gains or losses versus actually experiencing them and about any downstream consequences of these effects on goal-directed behaviour. In two studies, we show that gains versus losses induce qualitatively different processes. In Experiment 1, we demonstrate that the anticipation of monetary gains results in a narrowing of attentional scope, while experiencing gains broadens the scope of attention. We find the reverse pattern concerning monetary losses – while anticipation of monetary losses results in broadening of attentional scope, the actual experience of losses results in narrowing of attentional scope. Additionally, Experiment 2 replicates these findings and shows how differential attentional tuning as a function of the anticipation versus experience of gains versus losses modulates priming-induced goal-directed behaviour.
Sebastian Sadowski; Bob Fennis; Koert Van Ittersum. Losses tune differently than gains: how gains and losses shape attentional scope and influence goal pursuit. Cognition and Emotion 2020, 34, 1439 -1456.
AMA StyleSebastian Sadowski, Bob Fennis, Koert Van Ittersum. Losses tune differently than gains: how gains and losses shape attentional scope and influence goal pursuit. Cognition and Emotion. 2020; 34 (7):1439-1456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Sadowski; Bob Fennis; Koert Van Ittersum. 2020. "Losses tune differently than gains: how gains and losses shape attentional scope and influence goal pursuit." Cognition and Emotion 34, no. 7: 1439-1456.
Background Many individuals aspire to attain various goals in life, such as committing to a healthful diet to slim down or saving for retirement to enhance future welfare. While these behaviors (weight loss and saving) share the common denominator of self-regulation, it is unclear whether success in one domain is related to the other. Therefore, we examined the relationship between long term weight loss (LTWL) success and monetary savings among U.S. adults who at one point in life diverged from normal weight status. Methods Data on 1994 adults with a maximum BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and with an annual household income equal or less than 200% poverty level. Data were derived from a U.S. population-based study (NHANES). The independent variable was LTWL success (loss maintained for at least 1 year), which was operationalized as < 10% (reference group), 10.00–19.99%, and ≥ 20.00%. The dependent variable was monetary savings (e.g., 401 K), defined as a 3-category ordinal variable. We employed ordered logistic regression to estimate the relationship between LTWL success and increased odds for higher overall savings. Results Multivariable analysis revealed that adjusting for income, education and other covariates, being in the highest LTWL category (≥20.00%) significantly reduced the likelihood of monetary savings in comparison to the reference group (OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.34–0.91). This relationship was not observed in the lower LTWL category (10.00–19.99%). Conclusions Adults who in the past were overweight or obese and who presently exhibit high levels of LTWL, were markedly less successful when it came to their finances. This might stem from significant cognitive-affective resources exerted during the weight loss process coupled with a paucity of financial resources which impede financial decision making. This supposition, however, warrants future research.
Kerem Shuval; Bob Fennis; Qing Li; Amir Grinstein; Meike Morren; Jeffrey Drope. Health & Wealth: is weight loss success related to monetary savings in U.S. adults of low-income? Findings from a National Study. BMC Public Health 2019, 19, 1 -7.
AMA StyleKerem Shuval, Bob Fennis, Qing Li, Amir Grinstein, Meike Morren, Jeffrey Drope. Health & Wealth: is weight loss success related to monetary savings in U.S. adults of low-income? Findings from a National Study. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19 (1):1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKerem Shuval; Bob Fennis; Qing Li; Amir Grinstein; Meike Morren; Jeffrey Drope. 2019. "Health & Wealth: is weight loss success related to monetary savings in U.S. adults of low-income? Findings from a National Study." BMC Public Health 19, no. 1: 1-7.
Exertion of self-control produces distinct motivational consequences: the motivation to conserve energy and the motivation to seek rewards. We propose that heightened conservation inhibits reward-seeking, but only when the pursuit of the reward entails substantial energy expenditure. In two studies, we manipulated self-regulatory effort and then had participants engage in an additional task that was either easy or difficult. In Study 1, we found that self-regulatory effort tended to heighten reward-sensitivity but only when the subsequent task was easy. In Study 2, we measured pupil dilation to assess reward sensitivity while participants viewed images of rewarding stimuli. When the need to conserve was intense, we observed reduced pupil dilation for rewards that were energy-requiring but not for those that were energy-giving.
Mauro Giacomantonio; Jennifer Jordan; Bob Fennis. Intense Self-Regulatory Effort Increases Need for Conservation and Reduces Attractiveness of Energy-Requiring Rewards. Social Psychology 2019, 50, 355 -369.
AMA StyleMauro Giacomantonio, Jennifer Jordan, Bob Fennis. Intense Self-Regulatory Effort Increases Need for Conservation and Reduces Attractiveness of Energy-Requiring Rewards. Social Psychology. 2019; 50 (5-6):355-369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMauro Giacomantonio; Jennifer Jordan; Bob Fennis. 2019. "Intense Self-Regulatory Effort Increases Need for Conservation and Reduces Attractiveness of Energy-Requiring Rewards." Social Psychology 50, no. 5-6: 355-369.
Tracy T. L. Cheung; Marleen Gillebaart; Floor M. Kroese; David Marchiori; Bob M. Fennis; Denise T. D. De Ridder. Cueing healthier alternatives for take-away: a field experiment on the effects of (disclosing) three nudges on food choices. BMC Public Health 2019, 19, 1 .
AMA StyleTracy T. L. Cheung, Marleen Gillebaart, Floor M. Kroese, David Marchiori, Bob M. Fennis, Denise T. D. De Ridder. Cueing healthier alternatives for take-away: a field experiment on the effects of (disclosing) three nudges on food choices. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTracy T. L. Cheung; Marleen Gillebaart; Floor M. Kroese; David Marchiori; Bob M. Fennis; Denise T. D. De Ridder. 2019. "Cueing healthier alternatives for take-away: a field experiment on the effects of (disclosing) three nudges on food choices." BMC Public Health 19, no. 1: 1.
Purpose Using food brands as a case in point, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between a local vs global brand positioning strategy and buying impulsivity, as well as the mediating role of construal level. The findings add a psychological argument to the array of reasons for firms to opt for a local instead of a global brand positioning strategy: local food brands promote higher levels of buying impulsivity than global brands by lowering consumers’ level of construal. Design/methodology/approach Five experiments use student and nonstudent samples, different construal level indices and generic and brand-specific buying impulsivity measures to test the hypotheses. Findings Local food brands promote higher levels of buying impulsivity than global brands by lowering consumers’ level of construal. Because local brands are proximal to consumers’ lifestyles, values, preferences and behaviors, they decrease the psychological distance between the brand and the consumer, compared with global brands. The smaller psychological distance lowers consumers’ construal level and renders the immediate, concrete, appetitive attributes of the product more salient, thus making consumers more prone to impulsively buy a local brand than a global one. Practical implications For the choice between a global or local brand positioning strategy, this paper argues in favor of the latter. Local (food) branding is a concrete brand positioning mechanism that can influence and benefit from consumers’ buying impulsivity. Originality/value The research reveals heretofore unknown but important implications of local vs global brand positioning strategies for consumers’ construal level and buying impulsivity.
Eline L.E. De Vries; Bob Fennis. Go local or go global: how local brands promote buying impulsivity. International Marketing Review 2019, 37, 1 -28.
AMA StyleEline L.E. De Vries, Bob Fennis. Go local or go global: how local brands promote buying impulsivity. International Marketing Review. 2019; 37 (1):1-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEline L.E. De Vries; Bob Fennis. 2019. "Go local or go global: how local brands promote buying impulsivity." International Marketing Review 37, no. 1: 1-28.
Research has found that lack of power impairs executive functions. In the present research, we show that this impairment is not immutable. Across three studies and focusing on inhibitory control as one of the core facets of executive functions, our investigation shows that self-affirmation attenuates the previously documented decrements in inhibitory control of the powerless (Studies 1-3). We also examine boundary conditions of this effect and demonstrate that self-affirmation is most effective insofar as the powerless lack self-esteem (Study 2). Finally, we directly test the underlying process of this effect and demonstrate that self-affirmation increases an efficacious self-view among the powerless, which in turn improves their inhibitory control abilities (Study 3). Overall, we conclude that reinstating an efficacious self-view through self-affirmation offsets the impairments in inhibitory control abilities of the powerless and reduces the cognitive performance gap between the powerless and the powerful.
Sumaya Albalooshi; Mehrad Moeini-Jazani; Bob Fennis; Luk Warlop. Reinstating the Resourceful Self: When and How Self-Affirmations Improve Executive Performance of the Powerless. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2019, 46, 189 -203.
AMA StyleSumaya Albalooshi, Mehrad Moeini-Jazani, Bob Fennis, Luk Warlop. Reinstating the Resourceful Self: When and How Self-Affirmations Improve Executive Performance of the Powerless. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2019; 46 (2):189-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSumaya Albalooshi; Mehrad Moeini-Jazani; Bob Fennis; Luk Warlop. 2019. "Reinstating the Resourceful Self: When and How Self-Affirmations Improve Executive Performance of the Powerless." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 2: 189-203.
Packaging design is not only an indispensable marketing tool but also an important vehicle for shaping sensory evaluations and for nudging healthy food choices. However, insights specifying how the ‘look and feel’ properties of product packaging design influence evaluations and sensory impressions such as taste and smell are lacking, thus thwarting informed decision-making regarding the selection of the most appropriate design elements. The aim of the present chapter is therefore to demonstrate how an embodied perspective can account for effects of design variables on consumer evaluations. Specifically, the influence of design variables relating to (1) packaging shape, (2) graphic layout and composition, and (3) tactile packaging properties is discussed in light of recent studies based on the embodied cognition framework. In doing so, moderators of design influences pertaining to the consumer and the environmental context are discussed. Furthermore, as packaging designs always comprise a multitude of design factors, we elaborate on their interplay and on how (mis)matches between expectations generated by packaging design and sensory impressions on experiencing the product can influence information processing and evaluation. Finally, we discuss avenues for future product development, research, and design for behaviour change initiatives.
Thomas J. L. Van Rompay; Bob Fennis. Full-Bodied Taste: On the Embodied Origins of Product Perception and Sensory Evaluation. Multisensory Packaging 2018, 163 -190.
AMA StyleThomas J. L. Van Rompay, Bob Fennis. Full-Bodied Taste: On the Embodied Origins of Product Perception and Sensory Evaluation. Multisensory Packaging. 2018; ():163-190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas J. L. Van Rompay; Bob Fennis. 2018. "Full-Bodied Taste: On the Embodied Origins of Product Perception and Sensory Evaluation." Multisensory Packaging , no. : 163-190.
Functional foods are promoted as products that provide specific health benefits beyond basic nutrition. While a number of studies show that the motivation behind the purchase of such products is oriented towards health concerns, we argue that consumers' choice of functional food can also be driven by less health-related hedonic or social motives, such as a tendency for indulgence vs. self-control or the motivation to impress and show off. This proposition has not been systematically and empirically tested before. Hence, the aim of the present study is to reveal the relationship between conspicuous consumption, perceived self-control motivation, susceptibility to descriptive normative influence and the consumption of functional foods. Our results (N = 900) suggest that conspicuous consumption and susceptibility to descriptive normative influence are positively associated with functional food distinctiveness evaluation while perceived self-control motivation is negatively associated with such evaluation. Moreover, results further revealed the indirect effects of susceptibility to descriptive normative influence, conspicuous consumption and perceived self-control motivation on self-reported purchase rates of functional foods via the functional food distinctiveness evaluation. The findings support the relevance of social and hedonic motives for policy makers and marketers in the functional foods industry for marketing and health promotion.
Dovile Barauskaite; Justina Gineikiene; Bob M. Fennis; Vilte Auruskeviciene; Miwa Yamaguchi; Naoki Kondo. Eating healthy to impress: How conspicuous consumption, perceived self-control motivation, and descriptive normative influence determine functional food choices. Appetite 2018, 131, 59 -67.
AMA StyleDovile Barauskaite, Justina Gineikiene, Bob M. Fennis, Vilte Auruskeviciene, Miwa Yamaguchi, Naoki Kondo. Eating healthy to impress: How conspicuous consumption, perceived self-control motivation, and descriptive normative influence determine functional food choices. Appetite. 2018; 131 ():59-67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDovile Barauskaite; Justina Gineikiene; Bob M. Fennis; Vilte Auruskeviciene; Miwa Yamaguchi; Naoki Kondo. 2018. "Eating healthy to impress: How conspicuous consumption, perceived self-control motivation, and descriptive normative influence determine functional food choices." Appetite 131, no. : 59-67.
Eline L.E. De Vries; Bob Fennis; Tammo H.A. Bijmolt; Gert J. Ter Horst; Jan-Bernard C. Marsman. Friends with benefits: Behavioral and fMRI studies on the effect of friendship reminders on self-control for compulsive and non-compulsive buyers. International Journal of Research in Marketing 2018, 35, 336 -358.
AMA StyleEline L.E. De Vries, Bob Fennis, Tammo H.A. Bijmolt, Gert J. Ter Horst, Jan-Bernard C. Marsman. Friends with benefits: Behavioral and fMRI studies on the effect of friendship reminders on self-control for compulsive and non-compulsive buyers. International Journal of Research in Marketing. 2018; 35 (2):336-358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEline L.E. De Vries; Bob Fennis; Tammo H.A. Bijmolt; Gert J. Ter Horst; Jan-Bernard C. Marsman. 2018. "Friends with benefits: Behavioral and fMRI studies on the effect of friendship reminders on self-control for compulsive and non-compulsive buyers." International Journal of Research in Marketing 35, no. 2: 336-358.
Bob Fennis. How to foster health and well-being when self-control is low. The Routledge International Handbook of Self-Control in Health and Well-Being 2017, 446 -459.
AMA StyleBob Fennis. How to foster health and well-being when self-control is low. The Routledge International Handbook of Self-Control in Health and Well-Being. 2017; ():446-459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBob Fennis. 2017. "How to foster health and well-being when self-control is low." The Routledge International Handbook of Self-Control in Health and Well-Being , no. : 446-459.
The majority of existing research and conventional wisdom would advise against shopping on an empty stomach as hunger is assumed to encourage impulsive choices that typically lead to self-control failure (i.e., favouring short-term gratifications at the expense of long-term goals). Nonetheless, through two studies the current research aims to demonstrate that hungry consumers would not always be disadvantaged when encountering a self-control conflict involving a trade-off choice between a healthy vs. a more palatable but unhealthy choice. Particularly we posit that the choice outcome of the self-control conflict is dependent on contextual cues, such that hungry consumers with the tendency to make fast decisions could benefit from following a social proof heuristic promoting the healthy options. In Study 1, we indeed observed participants' self-reported hunger to be negatively associated with state self-control, but as most participants generally experienced low levels of hunger we did not observe apparent effects of hunger on food choice (DV), and correspondingly the potential influence of the social proof heuristic in moderating the choice outcome. However, in Study 2 where hunger was manipulated, we found hungry participants making significantly less healthy choices than satiated participants, but a social proof heuristic mitigated this effect (i.e., in the presence of social proof heuristic hungry participants made just as many healthy food choices as satiated participants; and hungry participants made more healthy choices in the social proof condition than in the no heuristic condition). These findings support our approach of providing contextual cues in the environment in order to work with, rather than against, the impulsivity triggered by hunger to promote successful self-control behaviours.
Tracy T.L. Cheung; Floor M. Kroese; Bob Fennis; Denise T.D. De Ridder. The Hunger Games: Using hunger to promote healthy choices in self-control conflicts. Appetite 2017, 116, 401 -409.
AMA StyleTracy T.L. Cheung, Floor M. Kroese, Bob Fennis, Denise T.D. De Ridder. The Hunger Games: Using hunger to promote healthy choices in self-control conflicts. Appetite. 2017; 116 ():401-409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTracy T.L. Cheung; Floor M. Kroese; Bob Fennis; Denise T.D. De Ridder. 2017. "The Hunger Games: Using hunger to promote healthy choices in self-control conflicts." Appetite 116, no. : 401-409.
In our consumer society, people are confronted on a daily basis with unsolicited persuasion attempts. The present research challenges the prevailing view that resisting persuasion is more likely to fail when consumers have low self-control. Four experiments tested the hypothesis that impaired self-regulation may actually facilitate resistance to persuasion when the influence context contains resistance-promoting heuristics. Indeed, participants with low self-control were less likely to comply with a persuasive request (Experiments 1 and 3), reported a less favourable attitude towards an advertised product (Experiment 2), and generated more negative responses towards a persuasive message (Experiment 4) than participants with high self-control, when they could rely on resistance-promoting heuristics: a violation of the norm of reciprocity (Experiments 1 and 3), an advertisement disclaimer (Experiment 2), or negative social proof (Experiment 4). Together, these studies demonstrate that contextual cues can bolster resistance when one does not carefully scrutinize an influence attempt.
Loes Janssen; Bob Fennis. Mindless resistance to persuasion: Low self-control fosters the use of resistance-promoting heuristics. Journal of Consumer Behaviour 2017, 16, 536 -549.
AMA StyleLoes Janssen, Bob Fennis. Mindless resistance to persuasion: Low self-control fosters the use of resistance-promoting heuristics. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 2017; 16 (6):536-549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoes Janssen; Bob Fennis. 2017. "Mindless resistance to persuasion: Low self-control fosters the use of resistance-promoting heuristics." Journal of Consumer Behaviour 16, no. 6: 536-549.
Bob Fennis; Jacob H. Wiebenga. Me, myself, and Ikea: Qualifying generic self-referencing effects in brand judgment. Journal of Business Research 2017, 72, 69 -79.
AMA StyleBob Fennis, Jacob H. Wiebenga. Me, myself, and Ikea: Qualifying generic self-referencing effects in brand judgment. Journal of Business Research. 2017; 72 ():69-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBob Fennis; Jacob H. Wiebenga. 2017. "Me, myself, and Ikea: Qualifying generic self-referencing effects in brand judgment." Journal of Business Research 72, no. : 69-79.
Good self-control has been linked to adaptive outcomes such as better health, cohesive personal relationships, success in the workplace and at school, and less susceptibility to crime and addictions. In contrast, self-control failure is linked to maladaptive outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which self-control predicts behavior may assist in promoting better regulation and outcomes. A popular approach to understanding self-control is the strength or resource depletion model. Self-control is conceptualized as a limited resource that becomes depleted after a period of exertion resulting in self-control failure. The model has typically been tested using a sequential-task experimental paradigm, in which people completing an initial self-control task have reduced self-control capacity and poorer performance on a subsequent task, a state known as ego depletion. Although a meta-analysis of ego-depletion experiments found a medium-sized effect, subsequent meta-analyses have questioned the size and existence of the effect and identified instances of possible bias. The analyses served as a catalyst for the current Registered Replication Report of the ego-depletion effect. Multiple laboratories ( k = 23, total N = 2,141) conducted replications of a standardized ego-depletion protocol based on a sequential-task paradigm by Sripada et al. Meta-analysis of the studies revealed that the size of the ego-depletion effect was small with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that encompassed zero ( d = 0.04, 95% CI [−0.07, 0.15]. We discuss implications of the findings for the ego-depletion effect and the resource depletion model of self-control.
M. S. Hagger; Nikos Chatzisarantis; H. Alberts; C. O. Anggono; Cédric Batailler; A. R. Birt; Ralf Brand; Mark Brandt; G. Brewer; S. Bruyneel; Dustin Calvillo; W. K. Campbell; Peter Cannon; M. Carlucci; N. P. Carruth; T. Cheung; A. Crowell; D. T. D. De Ridder; Siegfried Dewitte; Malte Elson; Jacqueline Evans; B. A. Fay; Bob Fennis; A. Finley; Z. Francis; E. Heise; H. Hoemann; M. Inzlicht; S. L. Koole; L. Koppel; F. Kroese; Florian Lange; K. Lau; B. P. Lynch; C. Martijn; H. Merckelbach; N. V. Mills; A. Michirev; A. Miyake; A. E. Mosser; M. Muise; Dominique Muller; M. Muzi; D. Nalis; Ratri Nurwanti; H. Otgaar; M. C. Philipp; P. Primoceri; Katrin Rentzsch; L. Ringos; C. Schlinkert; B. J. Schmeichel; Sarah Schoch; M. Schrama; A. Schütz; A. Stamos; Gustav Tinghög; J. Ullrich; M. Vandellen; S. Wimbarti; Wanja Wolff; Cleoputri Yusainy; O. Zerhouni; M. Zwienenberg. A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2016, 11, 546 -573.
AMA StyleM. S. Hagger, Nikos Chatzisarantis, H. Alberts, C. O. Anggono, Cédric Batailler, A. R. Birt, Ralf Brand, Mark Brandt, G. Brewer, S. Bruyneel, Dustin Calvillo, W. K. Campbell, Peter Cannon, M. Carlucci, N. P. Carruth, T. Cheung, A. Crowell, D. T. D. De Ridder, Siegfried Dewitte, Malte Elson, Jacqueline Evans, B. A. Fay, Bob Fennis, A. Finley, Z. Francis, E. Heise, H. Hoemann, M. Inzlicht, S. L. Koole, L. Koppel, F. Kroese, Florian Lange, K. Lau, B. P. Lynch, C. Martijn, H. Merckelbach, N. V. Mills, A. Michirev, A. Miyake, A. E. Mosser, M. Muise, Dominique Muller, M. Muzi, D. Nalis, Ratri Nurwanti, H. Otgaar, M. C. Philipp, P. Primoceri, Katrin Rentzsch, L. Ringos, C. Schlinkert, B. J. Schmeichel, Sarah Schoch, M. Schrama, A. Schütz, A. Stamos, Gustav Tinghög, J. Ullrich, M. Vandellen, S. Wimbarti, Wanja Wolff, Cleoputri Yusainy, O. Zerhouni, M. Zwienenberg. A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2016; 11 (4):546-573.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. S. Hagger; Nikos Chatzisarantis; H. Alberts; C. O. Anggono; Cédric Batailler; A. R. Birt; Ralf Brand; Mark Brandt; G. Brewer; S. Bruyneel; Dustin Calvillo; W. K. Campbell; Peter Cannon; M. Carlucci; N. P. Carruth; T. Cheung; A. Crowell; D. T. D. De Ridder; Siegfried Dewitte; Malte Elson; Jacqueline Evans; B. A. Fay; Bob Fennis; A. Finley; Z. Francis; E. Heise; H. Hoemann; M. Inzlicht; S. L. Koole; L. Koppel; F. Kroese; Florian Lange; K. Lau; B. P. Lynch; C. Martijn; H. Merckelbach; N. V. Mills; A. Michirev; A. Miyake; A. E. Mosser; M. Muise; Dominique Muller; M. Muzi; D. Nalis; Ratri Nurwanti; H. Otgaar; M. C. Philipp; P. Primoceri; Katrin Rentzsch; L. Ringos; C. Schlinkert; B. J. Schmeichel; Sarah Schoch; M. Schrama; A. Schütz; A. Stamos; Gustav Tinghög; J. Ullrich; M. Vandellen; S. Wimbarti; Wanja Wolff; Cleoputri Yusainy; O. Zerhouni; M. Zwienenberg. 2016. "A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect." Perspectives on Psychological Science 11, no. 4: 546-573.
The aim of the present research is to examine the relation between depletion sensitivity - a novel construct referring to the speed or ease by which one's self-control resources are drained - and snack purchase behavior. In addition, interactions between depletion sensitivity and the goal to lose weight on snack purchase behavior were explored. Participants included in the study were instructed to report every snack they bought over the course of one week. The dependent variables were the number of healthy and unhealthy snacks purchased. The results of the present study demonstrate that depletion sensitivity predicts the amount of unhealthy (but not healthy) snacks bought. The more sensitive people are to depletion, the more unhealthy snacks they buy. Moreover, there was some tentative evidence that this relation is more pronounced for people with a weak as opposed to a strong goal to lose weight, suggesting that a strong goal to lose weight may function as a motivational buffer against self-control failures. All in all, these findings provide evidence for the external validity of depletion sensitivity and the relevance of this construct in the domain of eating behavior.
Stefanie J. Salmon; Marieke A. Adriaanse; Bob Fennis; Emely De Vet; Denise T.D. De Ridder. Depletion sensitivity predicts unhealthy snack purchases. Appetite 2016, 96, 25 -31.
AMA StyleStefanie J. Salmon, Marieke A. Adriaanse, Bob Fennis, Emely De Vet, Denise T.D. De Ridder. Depletion sensitivity predicts unhealthy snack purchases. Appetite. 2016; 96 ():25-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefanie J. Salmon; Marieke A. Adriaanse; Bob Fennis; Emely De Vet; Denise T.D. De Ridder. 2016. "Depletion sensitivity predicts unhealthy snack purchases." Appetite 96, no. : 25-31.
To curb the trend towards obesity and unhealthy living, people may need to change their entire lifestyle to a healthier alternative, something that is frequently perceived to be problematic. The present research, using a large, representative community sample, hypothesized and found that a key factor responsible for why people do not intend to change lifestyles is a sense of commitment to past behavior. However we also found that the contribution of commitment was attenuated for individuals with a stronger tendency for behavioral disinhibition thus underscoring the “bright side” of this individual difference characteristic that traditionally has been mainly associated with impulsive and indulging behavior. Overall, the present findings add to our understanding of factors inhibiting and promoting healthy behavior change.
Bob M. Fennis; Tor W. Andreassen; Line Lervik-Olsen. Behavioral Disinhibition Can Foster Intentions to Healthy Lifestyle Change by Overcoming Commitment to Past Behavior. PLOS ONE 2015, 10, e0142489 .
AMA StyleBob M. Fennis, Tor W. Andreassen, Line Lervik-Olsen. Behavioral Disinhibition Can Foster Intentions to Healthy Lifestyle Change by Overcoming Commitment to Past Behavior. PLOS ONE. 2015; 10 (11):e0142489.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBob M. Fennis; Tor W. Andreassen; Line Lervik-Olsen. 2015. "Behavioral Disinhibition Can Foster Intentions to Healthy Lifestyle Change by Overcoming Commitment to Past Behavior." PLOS ONE 10, no. 11: e0142489.
Under low self-control conditions, people often favor tempting but unhealthy food products. Instead of fighting against low self-control to reduce unhealthy food choices, we aim to demonstrate in a field study that heuristic decision tendencies can be exploited under these conditions. To do so a healthy product was associated with a social proof heuristic, referring to the tendency to adopt the option preferred by others. A healthy low-fat cheese was promoted with banners stating it was the most sold cheese in that supermarket. A state of low self-control was experimentally induced in the supermarket, and compared to a high self-control condition. Participants low in self-control were more likely to buy the low-fat cheese, when this product was associated with the social proof heuristic, compared to when it was not. This suggests that under low self-control conditions, presenting social proof cues may benefit healthy purchases. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Stefanie J. Salmon; Emely De Vet; Marieke A. Adriaanse; Bob M. Fennis; Martijn Veltkamp; Denise T.D. De Ridder. Social proof in the supermarket: Promoting healthy choices under low self-control conditions. Food Quality and Preference 2015, 45, 113 -120.
AMA StyleStefanie J. Salmon, Emely De Vet, Marieke A. Adriaanse, Bob M. Fennis, Martijn Veltkamp, Denise T.D. De Ridder. Social proof in the supermarket: Promoting healthy choices under low self-control conditions. Food Quality and Preference. 2015; 45 ():113-120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefanie J. Salmon; Emely De Vet; Marieke A. Adriaanse; Bob M. Fennis; Martijn Veltkamp; Denise T.D. De Ridder. 2015. "Social proof in the supermarket: Promoting healthy choices under low self-control conditions." Food Quality and Preference 45, no. : 113-120.