Background: Throughout history, peoples live through vicissitudes from situations of security, peace, recovery to situations of war and the vicissitudes of nature and its cruelty over the diversity, intensity. The current study aimed to evaluate the self-esteem (SE) of patients who are suffering from amputees at Kut city, in Middle Iraq.Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional design is selected to determine body image (BI) and self-esteem (SE) among the amputated patients and to identify if the body image has been associated with self-esteem. By non-probability purposive sample composed of 300 subjects from both gender male and female with a different age. The pilot study was applied to establish the questionnaire's dependability before it was presented to experts to test validation. The data were gathered through the use of interviews, and it was then evaluated utilizing a descriptive statistics inferential statistical data analysis strategy.Results: The study results shows that the more participants is male patients and their aged between (50-59) years old. Majority amputation site caused by diseases have recorded was the lower limbs also the war for more than 10 years. The most of amputated patients have a negative responses towards body image of them. Additionally, the majority of responses from patients who had limbs amputated show that they never felt confident in themselves (57%) Self-esteem and body image had a positive correlation (r=0.574; p=0.000).Conclusions: Amputated patients regard themselves adversely, which leads to low SE, while a negative BI affects self-esteem. To increase the possibility of early intervention, hospitals need to have specialists in mental health and psychological therapy in these instances and to guide amputation cases to reduce psychological issues.

Background: Heart diseases are one of the major causes for death especially in developing countries across the world. According to WHO, the deaths due to heart diseases in Iraq has reached 18.50% of total death in 2017 and Iraq has been identified as 19 th rank at the international level. In our study, the heart diseases are categorized as electrical, circulatory and structural diseases. Method and Results: A Cross-sectional study was conceded out in a center for heart diseases at Al-Nasiriyah city, Thi-Qar governorate, Iraq, from 1 st April to 31 st May 2018. The patients who were diagnosed with heart diseases in the center were administered with a self-structured questionnaire, which explore the risk factors of heart diseases among them. A total of 80 patients (48 male and 32 female) who responded to questionnaire were included. Those who did not respond to the questionnaire were excluded. More than half of the patients (57.5%) were aged ≥ 60 and 37.5% of them were illiterate. About 65% of patients with circulatory heart diseases consumed red meat more than two times a week, however 81% of them consumed it rarely. Also, 40% of heart disease cases do not perform exercise daily. Conclusion: This study reveals that the risk of heart diseases increases with the factors such as increasing age, having fried food, avoiding fruits daily, eating red meat more than 2 times per week, physical inactivity and being a passive smoker.

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a health education program on mothers' knowledge and practices related to amebiasis. Pre‑ and post‑I and II‑tests were used, along with a two‑group quasi‑experimental design. The study included a convenience sample of 120 mothers, including 60 from the study and 60 from the control group. Out of the entire number of PHCs in Wasit Governorate, seven were used for the study. A three‑part structured questionnaire tests mothers' knowledge of the illness and attitudes about it. The results of this study indicated that there is statistically significant difference between the study and control groups during the post‑test I and post‑test II periods (t=14.968, P=.000 and t=13.731, P=.000, respectively). Data from the study group during the pre‑test period of 31.17(9.14) revealed that (70%) of mothers had bad practices connected to Entameba Histolytica among children. According to the post‑test I results, 47.4 (9.48) respondents, or 70%, identified good practices. The main finding showed that, after the educational program was implemented, mothers' knowledge and practice of amebiasis dramatically increased, with pre‑post implementation differences that are statistically significant.

Background and aim The new outbreak “Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)” happened in china is caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Consequently, it spreads across the globe and is affecting wellbeingframeworks and the global economy. This pandemic disease places a heavy burden on governments in general, so individuals must adhere to WHO's instructions to limit its spread. The current study was applied to find out the extent of commitment among theIraqi people to the standards of prevention measures against the coronavirus.Materials and Methods A cross sectional study was conducted with 1 153 respondents widely in all governorates of Iraq to identify the commitment of the Iraqis to the preventive measures against COVID-19 in Iraq. This study covered the Iraqis in three mainregions (Southern, middle, and Northern) for data collection. It was conducted between the 17th and 25th of March 2020, and Iraqis were administered with a structured questionnaire comprising of three domains.Results The results showed that the majority of the respondents (52%) were female, and most of them (42.3%) were observed between the age group of 31-40 years. About 82% of the respondents were residents of urban areas.Conclusion This study reveals the excellent implementation of preventive measures by the population. It is observed that the application of prevention standards in the countryside is less than in the city.

Objective: To assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing staff towards hepatitis B virus infection. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at three hospitals in Kut, Iraq, in July 2020, and comprised nursing staff regardless of age and gender. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire exploring demographic details as well as knowledge, attitude and practice of the nursing staff regarding hepatitis B virus infection. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Result: Of the 3,008 nurses, 341(11.33%) were randomly enrolled; 170(49.9%) males and 171(50.1%) females. There were 140(41.1%) subjects aged 20–30 years, while 16(4.7%) were aged Greater than or Equal to 50 years. The mean knowledge score was 22.22±2.79 (range: 18-35 years), indicating better knowledge. The mean attitude score was 19.23±2.74 (range: 11-26), indicating positive attitude. The mean practice score was 13.04±1.84 (range: 8-17) indicating good practices. Conclusion: The knowledge level related to hepatitis B virus among the nursing staff was good. Overall improvement related to knowledge, attitude and practice among the nursing staff was needed. Keywords: Hepatitis, Virus, Health, Studies, Nurses, Surveys.

Objective: To determine how Thymus vulgaris and Ecalyptus globulus affected the symptoms of coronavirus disease- 2019 patients. Method: The experimental case-control study was conducted in Al-Nasiriya city, Iraq, from December 15, 2020, to February 20, 2021, and comprised patients of either gender aged 20-50 years diagnosed with coronavirus disease- 2019 infection. The patients’ symptoms ranged from mild to severe. Half of the sample was exposed to the study’s treatment protocol, while the other half acted as control. Thyme, orange and lemon were employed as sources of vitamin C, as well as eucalyptus leaves and oil. The cases were exposed to eucalyptus vapours for 5-10 minutes after thoroughly washing the plant leaves (7-10 leaves or 5 drops of oil) and boiling them in drinking water at 100°C for 10- 15 minutes. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 48 patients, 24(50%) were in each of the two groups. Age and gender were not significantly different (p>0.05), while body mass index and blood group distribution was significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). Overall, 22(45.8%) subjects had mild symptoms, 20(41.7%) had moderate symptoms and 6(12.5%) had severe symptoms. The improvement in the symptoms among the cases was significantly more than the controls (p0.05). Conclusion: Using eucalyptus vapours in the form of dried leaves or oil could significantly lessen coronavirus disease- 2019 symptoms. Keywords: Eucalyptus, Thymus, Plant, Citrus, Cough, Smell, COVID-19, Leaves, Vaccines, Vitamins.