Background: The ionic liquid triethylammonium acetate (TEAA) was found to be an efficient solvent in the acetylation of alcohols, amines, oximes and thiols to their corresponding acetyl compounds using only a 10% excess of acetic anhydride under mild conditions. Moreover TEAA is not only an inexpensive and recyclable solvent but also an anomeric selective catalyst in the per-Oacetylation of sugar moieties. Methods: Simple and effective organic synthesis protocols were provided for the selective acetylation of several substrates. The products were fully characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and the anomeric ratios were obtained from the ¹H spectra. Results: Structurally diverse alcohols, phenols, thiols, amines, carbohydrates and oximes underwent acylation under mild conditions by this procedure to provide the corresponding acetates in excellent yields. TEAA ionic liquid is unique in its capability to act as both, solvent and high selective catalyst. As expected, the reaction proceeds with high b anomeric selectivity for sugars derivatives. Moreover, the ionic liquid was regenerated, recycled and reused for three times without apparent loss of reactivity and selectivity in all cases. Conclusions: The present procedure provides a powerful and versatile acylation method for alcohols, phenols, thiols, amines, oximes and carbohydrates. This protocol is endowed with several unique merits: selectivity, cost-efficiency, atom-economy and mild reaction conditions tolerable to acid sensitive functionalities. With these features, this method may be considered as a better alternative for the acetylation of a wide range of substrates.

Heteropolyacids (HPAs) are well known for their application as catalysts in organic synthesis owing to their oxidizing capabilities and strong Brönsted acidity. However, a notable drawback of HPAs is their solubility in various reaction media, which has prompted the development of strategies to convert them into heterogeneous catalysts through immobilization on diverse materials. This review aims to describe recent advancements in the utilization of alumina as a support for HPAs and their applications as heterogeneous catalysts in the synthesis of organic compounds. Various strategies, methodologies, loading techniques, and the nature of HPAs, along with their acid and redox properties, are analyzed and compared. Several organic reactions, including oxidation processes, esterification, and the condensation synthesis of heterocycles, such as chromones and pyrroles, are explored.

2-Deoxy ketopyranoses were prepared in very good yields and excellent stereoselectivity by a onepot procedure involving the iodohydroxylation of exo-glycals and removal of the iodide group using sodium dithionite.