We report a new search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the combined low background data sets acquired in 2016 and 2017 from the PandaX-II experiment in China. The latest data set contains a new exposure of 77.1 live days, with the background reduced to a level of $0.8\times {10}^{-3}\mathrm{evt}/\mathrm{kg}/\mathrm{day}$, improved by a factor of 2.5 in comparison to the previous run in 2016. No excess events are found above the expected background. With a total exposure of $5.4\times {10}^4\mathrm{kg}\mathrm{day}$, the most stringent upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section is set for a WIMP with mass larger than $100\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$, with the lowest 90% C.L. exclusion at $8.6\times {10}^{-47}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ at $40\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$.

Identified charged-particle spectra of ${\pi }^{\pm }$, $K^{\pm }$, $p$, and $\overline{p}$ at midrapidity ($\left|y\right|<0.1$) measured by the $\mathit{dE}/\mathit{dx}$ method in the STAR (solenoidal tracker at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) time projection chamber are reported for $\mathit{pp}$ and $d+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV and for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV. Average transverse momenta, total particle production, particle yield ratios, strangeness, and baryon production rates are investigated as a function of the collision system and centrality. The transverse momentum spectra are found to be flatter for heavy particles than for light particles in all collision systems; the effect is more prominent for more central collisions. The extracted average transverse momentum of each particle species follows a trend determined by the total charged-particle multiplicity density. The Bjorken energy density estimate is at least several GeV/${\mathrm{fm}}^3$ for a formation time less than 1 fm/$c$. A significantly larger net-baryon density and a stronger increase of the net-baryon density with centrality are found in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at 62.4 GeV than at the two higher energies. Antibaryon production relative to total particle multiplicity is found to be constant over centrality, but increases with the collision energy. Strangeness production relative to total particle multiplicity is similar at the three measured RHIC energies. Relative strangeness production increases quickly with centrality in peripheral $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions, to a value about 50% above the $\mathit{pp}$ value, and remains rather constant in more central collisions. Bulk freeze-out properties are extracted from thermal equilibrium model and hydrodynamics-motivated blast-wave model fits to the data. Resonance decays are found to have little effect on the extracted kinetic freeze-out parameters because of the transverse momentum range of our measurements. The extracted chemical freeze-out temperature is constant, independent of collision system or centrality; its value is close to the predicted phase-transition temperature, suggesting that chemical freeze-out happens in the vicinity of hadronization and the chemical freeze-out temperature is universal despite the vastly different initial conditions in the collision systems. The extracted kinetic freeze-out temperature, while similar to the chemical freeze-out temperature in $\mathit{pp}$, $d+\mathrm{Au}$, and peripheral $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions, drops significantly with centrality in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions, whereas the extracted transverse radial flow velocity increases rapidly with centrality. There appears to be a prolonged period of particle elastic scatterings from chemical to kinetic freeze-out in central $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions. The bulk properties extracted at chemical and kinetic freeze-out are observed to evolve smoothly over the measured energy range, collision systems, and collision centralities.

We report the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter search results using the first physics-run data of the PandaX-II 500 kg liquid xenon dual-phase time-projection chamber, operating at the China JinPing underground laboratory. No dark matter candidate is identified above background. In combination with the data set during the commissioning run, with a total exposure of $3.3\times {10}^4\mathrm{kg}\text{day}$, the most stringent limit to the spin-independent interaction between the ordinary and WIMP dark matter is set for a range of dark matter mass between 5 and $1000\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$. The best upper limit on the scattering cross section is found $2.5\times {10}^{-46}{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ for the WIMP mass $40\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$ at 90% confidence level.

We present measurements of bulk properties of the matter produced in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7,11.5,19.6,27$, and 39 GeV using identified hadrons (${\pi }^{\pm }$, $K^{\pm }$, $p$, and $\overline{p}$) from the STAR experiment in the Beam Energy Scan (BES) Program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Midrapidity ($\left|y\right|<0.1$) results for multiplicity densities $dN/dy$, average transverse momenta $\langle p_T\rangle$, and particle ratios are presented. The chemical and kinetic freeze-out dynamics at these energies are discussed and presented as a function of collision centrality and energy. These results constitute the systematic measurements of bulk properties of matter formed in heavy-ion collisions over a broad range of energy (or baryon chemical potential) at RHIC.

We report high statistics measurements of inclusive charged hadron production in $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}$ and $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{N}}}=200\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$. A large, approximately constant hadron suppression is observed in central $\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}+\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}$ collisions for $5\mathrm{<}{p}_T\mathrm{<}12\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/c$. The collision energy dependence of the yields and the centrality and $p_T$ dependence of the suppression provide stringent constraints on theoretical models of suppression. Models incorporating initial-state gluon saturation or partonic energy loss in dense matter are largely consistent with observations. We observe no evidence of $p_T$-dependent suppression, which may be expected from models incorporating jet attenuation in cold nuclear matter or scattering of fragmentation hadrons.