Neptunian dykes with abundant brachiopods, cf. Lacunosella sp. and fragments of echinoderms, occur in Oxfordian limestones in the southern part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. The dykes fill fissures that have opened in the massive limestones due to local extension of the sedimentary basin located along the northern, passive margin of the Tethys Ocean. These fissures transmitted warm hydrothermal solutions that controlled the mass growth of free-living bacteria and microbial mats feeding the fauna, mostly brachiopods and echinoderms, settling the seafloor around the fissures. For some time, the fissures remained empty and their vertical walls were settled by stromatolites. Infilling of the fissures was an abrupt event related to faulting in the Oxfordian and to the rejuvenation of dislocations cutting through the Paleozoic basement. Then, in the Cretaceous, and primarily in the Cenozoic, tectonic discontinuities filled with neptunian dykes were penetrated by karst waters and by hydrothermal solutions, which partly silicified the carbonate material infilling the dykes. The formation of dykes is genetically related to the Late Jurassic, Pan-European stress-field reorganization caused by the opening of the Northern Atlantic and Tethys Oceans.

The article describes assemblages of ore minerals of the size of tenths to a few millimetres, which occurred in small quartz veinlets and nests in 10 previously unknown sites. This mineralization was found in the north-eastern part of the Karkonosze granitoid pluton at the southern slope of the Wysoki Grzbiet (High Ridge) in Izera Mts. The studies concerned mainly 18 Sb minerals: antimony, Sb-bearing domeykite, getchellite, stibnite, willyamite, berthierite, boulangerite, bournonite, chalcostibite, falkmanite, famatinite, geocronite, robinsonite, semseyite, tetrahedrite-(Fe), cervantite, kermesite and schafarzikite; seven of them have been found in Poland for the first time. The parageneses, morphological features, XRD data and chemical composition of the Sb minerals are presented. Fluid inclusions in quartz adhering to the Sb minerals had generally homogenization temperature (Th) 108–341°C and total salinity ΣS 4.6–10.1 wt. %. The inclusion fluids were of the NaCO3- Ca(HCO3)2-NaCl-KCl type with minor F and S, and occasional CO2 presence. The parent granitoid contains Sb in trace amounts (0.18–0.36 ppm) and the rock was possibly a source of this (and other) element(s) for the ore minerals. Migration of meso-epithermal solutions with Sb etc. was probably stimulated by local reduction of pressure during the formation of fissures and cracks in granite, next filled by quartz with ore minerals. The features of the historical process of the recognition of Sb ores and previous studies of the minerals investigated in this research are included in the presentation and discussion. Special attention was paid to the listing of the occurreences of Sb minerals in Lower Silesia with appropriate references.