The Iberian mountain spiny fescues are a reticulate group of five diploid grass taxa consisting of three parental species and two putative hybrids: F. × souliei (F. eskia × F. quadriflora) and F. × picoeuropeana (F. eskia × F. gautieri). Phenotypic and molecular studies were conducted with the aim of determining the taxonomic boundaries and genetic relationships of the five taxa and disentangling the origins of the two hybrids. Statistical analyses of 31 selected phenotypic traits were conducted on individuals from 159 populations and on nine type specimens. Molecular analyses of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were performed on 29 populations. The phenotypic analyses detected significant differences between the five taxa and demonstrated the overall intermediacy of the F. × picoeuropeana and F. × souliei between their respective parents. The RAPD analysis corroborated the genetic differentiation of F. eskia, F. gautieri and F. quadriflora and the intermediate nature of the two hybrids; however, they also detected genetic variation within F. × picoeuropeana. These results suggest distinct origins for F. × picoeuropeana in the Cantabrian and Pyrenean mountains, with the sporadic Pyrenean populations having potentially resulted from recent hybridizations and the stabilized Cantabrian ones from older events followed by potential displacements of the parents.

The species Chiliadenus glutinosus (L.) Fourr. has a large number of therapeutic uses reported in the traditional Spanish medicine. The growing interest in preserving the ethnopharmacological knowledge related to the botanical diversity existing in Spain and the interest in achieving scientific validation of the therapeutic properties of medicinal species has led to the development of this study. To do it, all the known medicinal uses of Ch. glutinosus in Spain were compiled, then an exhaustive bibliographic research on its chemical composition was carried out, and finally, an in silico validation of the bioactive phytochemicals present in a higher proportion in the essential oil of Ch. glutinosus: camphor, borneol, lucinone, glutinone, quercetin, kutdtriol, and kaempferol; in an attempt to justify the reported traditional uses of the species. It was found that much of the traditional medicinal uses of Ch. glutinosus, along with the biological activity of its phytochemicals, are supported by scientific evidence. The results place this species in a prominent position to initiate possible lines of research to develop new, more effective drugs and improve therapies to treat conditions and diseases that affect the different organic systems of the human being.

During our nomenclatural revision of the genus Bromus L. (Poaceae) for Flora Iberica, we found that several names were still untypified: nine names in current use or their basionyms and five synonyms. Typifications are still needed since stabilising the names will facilitate their use. We propose lectotypes for Bromusalopecuros Poir., B.contortus Desf. (and the superfluous B.alopecuroides Poir.), B.benekenii (Lange) Trimen, B.intermediusGuss.subsp.divaricatus Bonnier & Layens, B.molliformis J.Lloyd ex Billot, B.lepidus Holmb., B.lepidus f. lasiolepis Holmb., Bromussubg.Stenobromus (Griseb.) Hack. and Bromussect.Stenobromus Griseb. Neotypes for B.erectus Huds. and B.ramosus Huds. and an epitype for B.intermediussubsp.divaricatus Bonnier & Layens are proposed. In addition, we identify an isoneotype for B.erectus and isolectotypes for B.lepidus and B.lepidusf.lasiolepis. The area inhabited by the typified taxa includes both Africa and Europe. All the selected types are in agreement with the current use of the names and, thus, our selections contribute to stabilising the nomenclature of the genus Bromus. A discussion is provided to justify the selections. In addition, we typified two supraspecific names B.subg.Stenobromus and B.sect.Stenobromus. Finally, a new section, B.sect.Penicillius Llamas & Acedo, is described.