Introduction: Acromegaly is an endocrine disorder caused predominantly by pituitary adenoma leading to autonomic oversecretion of growth hormone and secondary elevation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Consequently, there are both theoretical and experimental grounds for establishing a...

An 85-year-old male with a tumour in his right lung was admitted to Internal Diseases Ward to continue treatment after suffering a sudden cardiac arrest. An empiric antibiotic therapy with amoxycillin was introduced due to increased inflammation markers. Blood...

Insomnia, anxiety and stress are common complaints of people living today. Together, these factors can significantly reduce the quality of people's lives and disrupt relationships. Insomnia is a health problem connected with the difficulty falling asleep, waking early, waking during sleep, or poor quality of sleep, the consequences of which during the day are a feeling of being fatigue, reduced well-being, irritability, impaired concentration and learning ability. Anxiety is an emotional state related with anticipation of danger coming from the outside or coming from inside the organism, manifesting itself as feeling of uneasiness, tension, embarrassment, threat. Stress is a disturbance of body homeostasis caused by a physical or psychological factor. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. In order to find the proper publications, the search has been conducted with the use of a combination of key words like: ''ashawagandha'', ''insomnia'', ''anxiety'', ''stress". The first step was to find proper publications from the last 5 years. The second step was to carry out an overview of the found publications. Currently a lot of researches is being conducted to find natural substances that are just as effective as pharmacotherapy in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress, but without the side effects. Some researchers have focused their attention to the ashwagandha root extract. Results of mentioned studies proved the efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract. However, further research is needed to estabilish the role of ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress.

Introduction: Insulinoma is a rare form of a functional neuroendocrine tumor with an estimated incidence at 1–2 new cases per million persons per year. This infrequent endocrinopathy, frequently escaping standard disease course, constitutes a diagnostic challenge for every endocrinologist. Successful surgical resection of the lesion is the only available method that ensures patient’s full recovery. Case study: 53 years old patient with complaints about recurring episodes of hypoglycemia, without accompanying adrenergic symptoms though, was admitted to Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin. During diagnostic procedures: low glucose levels (ranging from 1.94–3.56 mmol/l) with corresponding inadequately high insulin levels were observed in a prolonged glucose tolerance test, where glucose and insulin concentrations measurements had been carried out every hour. Afterwards supervised 72-h fast was introduced, only to be terminated after just 24 h, due to symptomatic hypoglycemia (2.28 mmol/l). Insulin levels at the end of fasting remained disproportionately elevated (10.7 mU/l). Based on follow up diagnostic tests we were able to exclude other potential causes of hypoglycemia in the form of adrenal insufficiency and hypothyroidism. Abdomen CT scan didn’t reveal any lesions in pancreas whereas abdomen MRI unveiled presence of the tumor, 2 cm in diameter, located in the tail of pancreas. On the 1st of September 2016 patient underwent surgical resection of the pancreas mass. Histologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of insulinoma (pNET: G2 insulinoma). Octreoscan and abdomen MRI didn’t indicate a diffuse process. Currently all of the symptoms subsided, the patient doesn’t require any additional treatment. Conclusions: Insulinomas are neuroendocrine tumors of rare occurrence. The readily available imaging methods rarely allow for a location confirmed diagnosis because of borderline small size of lesions. Persistent hypoglycemia being the most characteristic symptom facilitates the diagnosis and introduction of proper treatment.