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Hailong Li
Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA

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Journal article
Published: 17 May 2021 in Viruses
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The persistence of HIV-1 viral reservoirs in the brain, despite treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), remains a critical roadblock for the development of a novel cure strategy for HIV-1. To enhance our understanding of viral reservoirs, two complementary studies were conducted to (1) evaluate the HIV-1 mRNA distribution pattern and major cell type expressing HIV-1 mRNA in the HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat, and (2) validate our findings by developing and critically testing a novel biological system to model active HIV-1 infection in the rat. First, a restricted, region-specific HIV-1 mRNA distribution pattern was observed in the HIV-1 Tg rat. Microglia were the predominant cell type expressing HIV-1 mRNA in the HIV-1 Tg rat. Second, we developed and critically tested a novel biological system to model key aspects of HIV-1 by infusing F344/N control rats with chimeric HIV (EcoHIV). In vitro, primary cultured microglia were treated with EcoHIV revealing prominent expression within 24 h of infection. In vivo, EcoHIV expression was observed seven days after stereotaxic injections. Following EcoHIV infection, microglia were the major cell type expressing HIV-1 mRNA, results that are consistent with observations in the HIV-1 Tg rat. Within eight weeks of infection, EcoHIV rats exhibited neurocognitive impairments and synaptic dysfunction, which may result from activation of the NogoA-NgR3/PirB-RhoA signaling pathway and/or neuroinflammation. Collectively, these studies enhance our understanding of HIV-1 viral reservoirs in the brain and offer a novel biological system to model HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and associated comorbidities (i.e., drug abuse) in rats.

ACS Style

Hailong Li; Kristen McLaurin; Jessica Illenberger; Charles Mactutus; Rosemarie Booze. Microglial HIV-1 Expression: Role in HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Viruses 2021, 13, 924 .

AMA Style

Hailong Li, Kristen McLaurin, Jessica Illenberger, Charles Mactutus, Rosemarie Booze. Microglial HIV-1 Expression: Role in HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. Viruses. 2021; 13 (5):924.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hailong Li; Kristen McLaurin; Jessica Illenberger; Charles Mactutus; Rosemarie Booze. 2021. "Microglial HIV-1 Expression: Role in HIV-1 Associated Neurocognitive Disorders." Viruses 13, no. 5: 924.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2018 in Oncology Reports
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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an aseptic inflammation characterized with an annual incidence rate, and ~20% patients progressing to severe AP (SAP) with a high mortality rate. Although Qingyi decoction has been frequently used for SAP treatment over the past 3 decades in clinic, the actual mechanism of its protective effects remains unknown. As the major active ingredient of Qingyi decoction, emodin was selected in the present study to investigate the effect of emodin against severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats through NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. The rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, an SAP model group induced by a standard retrograde infusion of 5.0% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct, and low-dose (30 mg/kg) and high-dose (60 mg/kg) emodin-treated groups. At 12 h after the event, the plasma amylase, lipase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were examined. Furthermore, the pathological scores of pancreases were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression levels of P2X ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7), NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain and caspase-1 were also analyzed by western blot analysis. The data demonstrated that, compared with the SAP group, emodin could significantly relieve the pancreatic histopathology and acinar cellular structure injury, and notably downregulate the plasma amylase and lipase levels, as well as the MPO activities in pancreatic tissues, in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, emodin inhibited the P2X7/NLRP3 signaling pathway followed by the decrease of pro-inflammatory factors, and the latter is beneficial for the recovery of SAP. Collectively, the data indicated that emodin may be an efficient candidate natural product for SAP treatment.

ACS Style

Qingkai Zhang; Xufeng Tao; Shilin Xia; Jialin Qu; Huiyi Song; Jianjun Liu; Hailong Li; Dong Shang. Emodin attenuated severe acute pancreatitis via the P2X ligand‑gated ion channel�7/NOD‑like receptor protein�3 signaling pathway. Oncology Reports 2018, 41, 270 -278.

AMA Style

Qingkai Zhang, Xufeng Tao, Shilin Xia, Jialin Qu, Huiyi Song, Jianjun Liu, Hailong Li, Dong Shang. Emodin attenuated severe acute pancreatitis via the P2X ligand‑gated ion channel�7/NOD‑like receptor protein�3 signaling pathway. Oncology Reports. 2018; 41 (1):270-278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qingkai Zhang; Xufeng Tao; Shilin Xia; Jialin Qu; Huiyi Song; Jianjun Liu; Hailong Li; Dong Shang. 2018. "Emodin attenuated severe acute pancreatitis via the P2X ligand‑gated ion channel�7/NOD‑like receptor protein�3 signaling pathway." Oncology Reports 41, no. 1: 270-278.