Marital infidelity, of whatever kind, causes serious conflicts in the relationship between spouses. Forgiveness is recognised as an important element in improving the relationship between spouses. It aids the conflict resolution process and increases commitment to the relationship. The aim of this study was to determine the determinants of forgiveness of infidelity in married people. A total of 373 people (339 women, 34 men), aged between 22 and 64 years, were studied. The study was conducted electronically using: Marital Forgiveness Scale (MOFS, Paleari, Regalia, Fincham, 2009; Polish adaptation Brudek, Steuden, 2015), Positivity Orientation Scale (Positivity Scale, Caprara et al., 2012; Polish adaptation Laguna, Oleś, Filipiuk, 2011), TIPI-PL (Ten Item Personality Inventory, Polish adaptation Sorokowska, Słotwińska, Zbieg, Sorokowski, 2014) and a personal questionnaire. The correlational analyses conducted showed a positive relationship between relationship commitment, relationship fulfilment, positive orientation and emotional stability and forgiveness in the subjects. The higher the level of forgiveness, the higher the positive orientation. The relationship between personality traits and forgiveness in people experiencing betrayal was partially confirmed. A positive relationship was shown at a weak level between benevolence and agreeableness and a negative one with conscientiousness. Fulfilment and commitment were shown to be significant predictors of forgiveness. The relationship between commitment and forgiveness is moderated by the trait conscientiousness. The adopted pattern of variables explains respectively 17% of the variation in the results of the forgiveness variable.

Spiritual and moral intelligence have recently become popular research questions in studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual and moral intelligence. It was also intended to link spiritual and moral intelligence with personality traits among people in early adulthood (aged 18 to 35) in Poland. In addition, in order to better understand the group, it was also planned to investigate the association of spiritual and moral intelligence with age. The theoretical framework for our study is the concept of spiritual intelligence as consisting of four dimensions: critical existential thinking, personal meaning-making, transcendental awareness and conscious state expansion. Measurements were based on the concept of moral intelligence as consisting of the four main dimensions of integrity, responsibility, compassion and forgiveness, and subcategories (competencies) including integrity, honesty, courage, confidentiality, commitment, personal responsibility, accountability for decisions, self-control, helping others, caring for others (compassion), understanding others’ feelings (altruism) and understanding their emotional needs (faith, belief). A total of 160 individuals aged 18 to 35 years from Poland were surveyed using the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory, the Moral Intelligence Scale, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. The article reports on the results of this study.

Computers, tablets and smartphones enable young people to quickly communicate, share data and obtain information. The progressive technological and information development, in addition to its many positive functions, also promotes certain risks. Young people online are exposed to harmful content and behaviour that has negative consequences for their health and life. Adolescence is a time of particular vulnerability to sensation-seeking, succumbing to peer pressure and engaging in risky behaviour. During this time, adolescents’ social and personal value is dependent on the social relationships they establish and their popularity on social media. Undoubtedly, the Internet and social media are an important space in which adolescents spend their free time, but also an area where they can experience potential danger. Internet challenges have become a particularly popular form of entertainment among young people in recent years. Dangerous forms of activity undertaken by adolescents under the influence of a peer group or, very often, short videos posted on popular Internet portals are not the result of difficult and traumatic experiences or affective disorders, but a phenomenon considered quite normal among adolescents. This approach to the issue makes it all the more alarming, as it affects the entire population of young people and promotes various forms of self-harm. The online space can become a place for sharing techniques or practices of self-harm. Research indicates that images rather than textual information are an important source of self-harm actions. Early episodes of self-harm become a strong predictor of interpersonal and psychiatric problems, suicide attempts and suicide itself. Low public awareness of the dangers of the so-called viral challenges among youth makes it difficult to intervene early and prevent the spread of self-destructive tendencies. The aim of this article is to present popular challenges undertaken by young people under the influence of peer group pressure and social media in order to show their contribution to the development of self-harm. The consequences of these behaviours, as well as possible preventive measures to reduce this dangerous trend will be presented.

The aim of the article is to present the specifics of the functioning of the Alpha generation and to show the importance of undertaking media education by the family and school environment in order to maintain the digital hygiene of this generation. The article is theoretical in nature and covers the characteristics of the Alpha generation, including the presentation of the strengths and weaknesses of this generational group. An important part is the presentation of the importance of media education for shaping the right attitudes, thinking, reasoning, and values of the younger generation. Today’s children are sometimes described as the touchscreen generation or the first generation to be born into mediatized home environments. From an early age, they use screen media (televisions computers, smartphones, tablets, or computer games). The availability of technological achievements undoubtedly affects children’s development in the emotional, social, and motivational spheres. The considerations undertaken show, on the one hand, the potential of the young generation, their needs, possibilities, and the specificity of functioning, and, on the other, indicate the legitimacy of undertaking media education. The aim of good media education should also be to develop empathy, self-reliance, kindness, and self-control as well as to arouse intellectual curiosity. Shaping proper digital hygiene habits should be one of the most important tasks of the modern education process. The proper use of smart technological devices can contribute to the development of the cognitive, linguistic, and social skills of the youngest.

Moral intelligence is the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, to make ethical decisions, and to be guided by certain values in life. In view of cultural and social change and the ongoing crisis of values, moral intelligence is of particular importance today in various areas of human life and function. The purpose of this article is to introduce the topic of moral intelligence and its operationalization in order to construct the moral intelligence scale. The psychometric properties of the tool were also assessed. It was carried out in three stages. The first involved the creation of items based on the concept of moral intelligence. Next, exploratory factor analysis was conducted on a Polish sample of 433 people (218 women, 215 men; M = 27.23 years; SD = 4.66). In the third, the confirmatory factor analysis conducted on a Polish sample of 643 individuals (339 females, 304 males; M = 29.03 years; SD = 4.34) confirmed the five factors of the Moral Intelligence Scale. Moral intelligence has a specific structure. Analyses have shown that it is a complex construct consisting of five factors that have been recognized as: responsibility, honesty, forgiveness, conscience, and compassion.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This article aims to examine the concept of moral intelligence and explore the role of fathers in fostering moral intelligence in children during childhood. It discusses the concept of moral intelligence, highlights its significance in child development, and analyses the distinctive aspects of children’s developmental stages concerning moral growth. The article also examines the father’s role in nurturing moral intelligence in young children. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: This article seeks to answer the following question: what role does the father play in developing a child’s moral intelligence? The primary method used to address this question is an analysis of the relevant literature and existing research on moral intelligence. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The discussion is structured to achieve the research objective and address the primary question. It includes an introduction to the topic, an analysis of children’s developmental stages, and a demonstration of the father’s role and significance in cultivating moral intelligence. RESEARCH RESULTS: The analysis reveals that fathers play an essential role in shaping their children’s moral intelligence. They introduce children to values and moral principles and significantly influence the development of pro-social behaviours. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: Fathers’ involvement in upbringing their children, according to the analyses carried out, can provide a foundation for the development of appropriate the right moral attitudes and values in the youngest children. Nowadays, in the face of a progressive moral crisis and escalating aggression, it is extremely important to develop moral intelligence. Demonstrations of pro-social behavior by fathers, involvement in activities and conversations with children can contribute to sensitizing the youngest to the needs of others and become a valuable source of knowledge about moral principles and values.