The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges faced by the community in participating in sustainable tourism in developing countries. The research was conducted using a systematic literature study on scientific articles indexed by Scopus from 2018–2022 with the theme of community participation in tourism planning. Inclusion criteria are articles from developing countries determined by the International Monetary Fund. The findings show that the constraints on community participation can be categorized into three main groups: operational, structural, and cultural. Operational constraints include lack of access to information, lack of efficient decision-making structures, lack of discussion platforms, lack of knowledge, and lack of transparency and accountability. Structural constraints identified include lack of access to planning experts, weak community development, lack of budget, lack of education, and unsuitable policy and governance. Finally, cultural barriers include the history of colonialism, community awareness, mistrust, power disparities, unequal distribution of costs and benefits, and conflict of interests. Governments and sustainable tourism operators must systematically address these issues to encourage broader community participation in tourism.

The implementation of inclusive sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the tourism sector must promote opportunities and experiences for people with disabilities. This study explored the tourism experiences of people with disabilities in Indonesia. This phenomenological study reported on data collected through in-depth interviews with participants whose disabilities impact their lived experiences in tourism. Several themes, grounded in lived experiences, emerged from systematic analysis of the data. These include desire for relaxation, unaccommodated needs, inability to travel alone, unheard voices, and lack of empathy and awareness. These findings strengthen theory by conceptualizing the original voices of the tourism experience through past experiences. The results contribute to growing tourism literature on accessible tourism and the sustainable development goals by presenting insights of the tourism experiences of people with disabilities in the Indonesian context and other developing countries. The voices of disability experience in tourism help to improve the understanding of inclusivity as it relates to tourism experiences, and the need to hear the voices of people with disabilities in tourism planning.

Resident perception research orthodoxies have dominated academic literature for the past two decades. Homogenised host gaze outcomes have been crafted from decades of surveys that largely overlook the perspectives of non-Western less-developed host communities, including residents of remote island locations. Indeed, despite the popularity of islands as destinations, little is known about residents’ interpretations of tourism prior to the potential influx of tourists. Our study focuses on the meanings of tourism and variations of the host gaze that emerge from interviews with individual residents in a devout Islamic island community. The island of Madura, located off the coast of Java in Indonesia, has only recently been established and promoted as a tourist destination. A critical symbolic interactionist approach provides a method for exploring diverse meanings associated with tourism as they emerge in a particular social context, providing nuanced insights into meaning making that perception based analyses are unlikely to reveal. The findings of the qualitative analysis coalesce around five discursive themes: advancing enterprise, economic mobility, pilgrimage, moral decline, and commodification. Each of these discourses are dynamic and embed both positive and negative sentiments that challenge the notion of a homogenous host gaze. Rather, these discourses reflect the multiple gazes that emerge in the religio-cultural milieu that comprises Madura Island.

Social entrepreneurship in Indonesia faced the trend of opportunity negligence for local people to participate in tourism development in their area. The positive economic impact of tourism often enjoys by outsiders. This paper examines the challenges in the implementation of social entrepreneurship in Madura, includes challenges faced by the Madurese community in developing their social entrepreneur spirit and business. This study draws on in-depth interviews held with 31 residents. It was found that social entrepreneurship is mostly initiated by the local people. Lack of support from the government in developing social entrepreneurship is reported by the participants as one challenge they face in developing social entrepreneurship. Findings of this study are inconsistent with the assumption that local community participation in tourism is paramount in tourism development. These findings will serve a ‘wake-up call’ for the Indonesian government to pay more attention to incorporate the local community in tourism development process, particularly in giving the locals a room to develop their social entrepreneur spirits as well as providing adequate support for their social entrepreneurship business to grow.

This research aims to give an alternative solution for leadership development in the public sector to face the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). The development of global information technology has demanded public services to adjust to today’s technologies. The problem of this study isthe public sector leaders, who are in the majority consisting of baby boomers generation up to generation X. These generations are not too familiar with technology. Traditional training models cannot improve the competencies of leaders who are predominantly old; adult learning must be developed. They do not need competency development classes, but they need mentoring to learn directly. This is a challenge to the development of local leadership in the public sector against Industry 4.0, which is implicated in the increase of public services based on technology and network. This research uses a qualitative research approach with a case study perspective. The focus of this research is local leadership competencies in the public sector. The data aretaken from primary data by interview and secondary data from literatureanddocuments that are related to the research aims.The results of this study recommend the concept of leader-member exchange, where possible in the process of social learning, to develop public leadership in the era of Industry 4.0. Here, the challenge is the desire and ego of leaders to study with their subordinates.

Background: Social media, in the form of chatting platforms such as WhatsApp and various other social media widely used by Generation Y today, can help to increase literacy and information dissemination in a rural village. With the involvement and contribution of Generation Y, social media has what it takes to improve literacy among people in rural areas, allowing them to obtain information as fast and as precisely as the urban communities do while also making advancements to the area itself. Objective: This study attempts to investigate the use of social media in increasing literacy in eight villages on Madura Island. Method: This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. Results: The results show that there are still several problems caused by the use of social media among generation Y in making decisions, taking action, behaving, communicating, and socializing. Another issue is that, generally, Generation Y tends to disseminate information directly without checking its veracity. Conclusion: The lack of digital literacy worries many people because it causes the spread of disinformation that threatens the bond of kinship and disperses national unity. Therefore, there is a need for education on how to use social media healthily, provision of rural village and city-level libraries, and the need for attention from clerics, parents, and the government. Keywords: literacy; rural village; social media