Purpose: For the identification of high-risk patients in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), we investigated the prognostic significance of in vivo radiomics derived from baseline [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT and clinical parameters.Methods: Pre-treatment [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT scans of 85 patients diagnosed with DLBCL were assessed. The scans were carried out in two clinical centers. Two-year event-free survival (EFS) was defined. After delineation of lymphoma lesions, conventional PET parameters and in vivo radiomics were extracted. For 2-year EFS prognosis assessment, the Center 1 dataset was utilized as the training set and underwent automated machine learning analysis. The dataset of Center 2 was utilized as an independent test set to validate the established predictive model built by the dataset of Center 1.Results: The automated machine learning analysis of the Center 1 dataset revealed that the most important features for building 2-year EFS are as follows: max diameter, neighbor gray tone difference matrix (NGTDM) busyness, total lesion glycolysis, total metabolic tumor volume, and NGTDM coarseness. The predictive model built on the Center 1 dataset yielded 79% sensitivity, 83% specificity, 69% positive predictive value, 89% negative predictive value, and 0.85 AUC by evaluating the Center 2 dataset.Conclusion: Based on our dual-center retrospective analysis, predicting 2-year EFS built on imaging features is feasible by utilizing high-performance automated machine learning.

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that is crucial for mammalian development and genomic stability. Aberrant DNA methylation changes have been detected not only in malignant tumor tissues; the decrease of global DNA methylation levels is also characteristic for aging. The consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as part of a balanced diet shows preventive effects against age-related diseases and cancer. On the other hand, consuming trans fatty acids (TFA) increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer. The aim of the study was to investigate the LINE-1 retrotransposon (L1-RTP) DNA methylation pattern in liver, kidney, and spleen of mice as a marker of genetic instability. For that, mice were fed with EVOO or TFA and were pretreated with environmental carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)—a harmful substance known to cause L1-RTP DNA hypomethylation. Our results show that DMBA and its combination with TFA caused significant L1-RTP DNA hypomethylation compared to the control group via inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes. EVOO had the opposite effect by significantly decreasing DMBA and DMBA + TFA-induced hypomethylation, thereby counteracting their effects.

Purpose: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant (mIDH) gliomas are slow-growing infiltrating tumors of astrocytic or oligodendroglial origin. Mutated metabolic enzymes IDH1 or IDH2 lead to the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) that can be measured with optimized in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). As the 2HG oncometabolite plays a key role in the molecular pathogenesis of mIDH tumor, direct suppression of 2HG production has proven to be a viable intervention strategy, for example, with the small-molecule inhibitors ivosidenib (mIDH1) and vorasidenib (mIDH1/mIDH2). The aim of this study was to explore whether MRS measurements of 2HG can be used to noninvasively monitor response to treatment with mIDH inhibitors and to relate this response to changes in MRI-assessed tumor volume. Experimental Design: Eighteen patients with diagnosed IDH-mutated glioma were enrolled and received ivosidenib or vorasidenib therapy. MRI/MRS scans with 2HG-optimized single-voxel PRESS were performed before treatment and repeated (follow-up) with a median on-drug follow-up of 4.3 months. Results: In the 14 patients that passed spectroscopy quality control (median follow-up 3.9 months), we observed a substantial and significant decrease in 2HG levels (P < 0.001) regardless of tumor and treatment type (astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma and ivosidenib/vorasidenib), whereas total choline (tCho) and glutamine, metabolites characteristically increased in glioma, also showed a significant decrease (P < 0.01). Volumetric assessment revealed a modest decrease on average, indicating tumor growth arrest. Conclusion: The striking reductions in tumor 2HG and tCho levels early following initiation of targeted therapy using an IDH inhibitor suggest that MRS may provide an important tool for monitoring treatment response of lower-grade gliomas.

Bc-DLFL.1 is a novel spontaneous, high-grade transplantable mouse B-cell lymphoma model for selective serosal propagation. These cells attach to the omentum and mesentery and show dissemination in mesenteric lymph nodes. We aimed to investigate its early stage spread at one day post-intraperitoneal inoculation of lymphoma cells (n = 18 mice), and its advanced stage at seven days post-inoculation with in vivo [18F]FDG-PET and [18F]PET/MRI, and ex vivo by autoradiography and Cherenkov luminescence imaging (CLI). Of the early stage group, nine animals received intraperitoneal injections, and nine received intravenous [18F]FDG injections. The advanced stage group (n = 3) received intravenous FDG injections. In the early stage, using autoradiography we observed a marked accumulation in the mesentery after intraperitoneal FDG injection. Using other imaging methods and autoradiography, following the intravenous injection of FDG no accumulations were detected. At the advanced stage, tracer accumulation was clearly detected in mesenteric lymph nodes and in the peritoneum after intravenous administration using PET. We confirmed the results with immunohistochemistry. Our results in this model highlight the importance of local FDG administration during diagnostic imaging to precisely assess early peritoneal manifestations of other malignancies (colon, stomach, ovary). These findings also support the importance of applying topical therapies, in addition to systemic treatments in peritoneal cancer spread.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability, accuracy, and morbidity of dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy (DSNB) in patients with intermediate- and high-risk penile cancer who had clinically negative lymph nodes, with a focus on long-term follow-up outcomes. Methods: Between January 2005 and January 2024, 287 patients with histologically confirmed penile cancer underwent radioisotope-guided DSNB at the Department of Urology, University of Pécs. Patients lost to follow-up within 24 months were excluded. Of the remaining patients, 211 underwent primary DSNB and 37 secondary DSNB. Thirty-nine patients in the primary DSNB group with Tis, T1a, or G1 tumours were additionally excluded, leaving 209 patients for analysis. Variables included tumour stage and grade, sentinel lymph node (SLN) yield and histology, complications, inguinal progression, false-negative rate, and radical lymphadenectomy findings. Results: A total of 573 SLNs were removed from 209 patients, with a median of 2.7 nodes per patient. SLN metastases were identified in 31 patients, involving 37 groins. Among 178 patients with negative SLNs, three developed inguinal metastases. Sensitivity was 91% per patient and 92.5% per groin, with false-negative rates of 8% and 7.5%, respectively. All false-negative cases occurred within two years, with no later inguinal recurrences. DSNB-related complications occurred in 24 patients (11.4%); most were mild or moderate and managed on an outpatient basis. Two patients required surgery and one required hospital readmission. Conclusions: In a high-volume centre, DSNB is a safe and reliable staging procedure with low morbidity in clinically node-negative intermediate- and high-risk penile cancer. Further studies should assess radiotracer injection sites and compare one-day versus two-day protocols.