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Dr. Marco Picone
Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, 30172 Mestre-Venice, Italy

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Bioaccumulation
Toxicity testing with marine invertebrates

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Short communication
Published: 06 September 2020 in Marine Pollution Bulletin
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Microplastics (MPs) are present in fresh, brackish, or marine waters. Micro- and macroinvertebrates can mistake MPs or small microplastics (SMPs, <100 μm) to be food particles and easily ingest them according to the size of their mouthparts. SMPs may then block the passage of food through the intestinal tract (i.e. hepatopancreas), accumulate within the organism, and enter the food web. Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are allochthonous filter-feeding bivalve mollusks, which have been introduced in coastal seas around the world in both natural banks and farms. Considering their economic and ecological value, these bivalves have been chosen as a model to study the ingestion of SMPs. A novel method for the extraction and purification of SMPs in bivalves was developed. Quantification and simultaneous polymer identification of SMPs using Micro-FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) were performed, with a limit of detection for the particle size of 5 μm.

ACS Style

F. Corami; B. Rosso; M. Roman; M. Picone; A. Gambaro; C. Barbante. Evidence of small microplastics (<100 μm) ingestion by Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas): A novel method of extraction, purification, and analysis using Micro-FTIR. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2020, 160, 111606 .

AMA Style

F. Corami, B. Rosso, M. Roman, M. Picone, A. Gambaro, C. Barbante. Evidence of small microplastics (<100 μm) ingestion by Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas): A novel method of extraction, purification, and analysis using Micro-FTIR. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2020; 160 ():111606.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Corami; B. Rosso; M. Roman; M. Picone; A. Gambaro; C. Barbante. 2020. "Evidence of small microplastics (<100 μm) ingestion by Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas): A novel method of extraction, purification, and analysis using Micro-FTIR." Marine Pollution Bulletin 160, no. : 111606.

Original research article
Published: 17 July 2020 in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
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The effectiveness and reliability of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776) to bioaccumulate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) was assessed in an in-situ passive biomonitoring study. Field collected specimens were sampled in five sites within the Venice Lagoon (Italy), selected along a PCDD/F contamination gradient. The homolog profiles in the tissues of the common ragworm were considerably different from those observed in the sediments, independent of sediment contamination. Moreover, H. diversicolor accumulated preferentially the less chlorinated 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF compared to the more chlorinated and hydrophobic hexa-, hepta- and octa-substituted congeners, as evidenced by the significant and linearly decreasing trend of the Biota-to-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF) with the increasing lipophilicity of the congeners, expressed as the logarithmic form of the octanol/water partition coefficient (logKOW). The BSAFs for dioxins and furans were generally low compared to other organochlorine compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides, suggesting that H. diversicolor may eliminate both dioxins and furans efficiently.

ACS Style

Marco Picone; Eugenia Delaney; Davide Tagliapietra; Irene Guarneri; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Bioaccumulation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2020, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Marco Picone, Eugenia Delaney, Davide Tagliapietra, Irene Guarneri, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Bioaccumulation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 2020; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Picone; Eugenia Delaney; Davide Tagliapietra; Irene Guarneri; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. 2020. "Bioaccumulation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae)." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8, no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 20 February 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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To evaluate the hazard assessment of dredging and disposal of sediments, an in-depth chemical and toxicological characterization of sediments was carried out in Venice Lagoon. The bioaccessible and mobile concentration of trace elements in superficial and deep sediments (in the Holocene-Pleistocene limit) can deeply affect the quality of the aquatic ecosystem. Geospeciation and total concentration of trace elements in sediment cores were assessed and several toxicological tests were carried out. The indices of contamination (e.g., geochemical accumulation index, Igeo, pollution load index, PLI) and of speciation (individual contamination factor, ICF and global contamination factor, GCF) were evaluated. Factor Analysis (FA) was performed to explore possible significant correlations between toxicity data and sediment chemistry. Results underlined that the total concentration of trace elements cannot adequately assess the hazard, while bioavailability, mobility, and toxicity of trace elements allow a thorough evaluation of the environmental threats. The integration of results from chemical characterization ex ante and toxicity assays will provide for a better sustainable handling and management of sediments.

ACS Style

Fabiana Corami; Elisa Morabito; Andrea Gambaro; Paolo Cescon; Giovanni Libralato; Marco Picone; Anna Volpi Ghirardini; Carlo Barbante. Geospeciation, toxicological evaluation, and hazard assessment of trace elements in superficial and deep sediments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 15565 -15583.

AMA Style

Fabiana Corami, Elisa Morabito, Andrea Gambaro, Paolo Cescon, Giovanni Libralato, Marco Picone, Anna Volpi Ghirardini, Carlo Barbante. Geospeciation, toxicological evaluation, and hazard assessment of trace elements in superficial and deep sediments. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (13):15565-15583.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabiana Corami; Elisa Morabito; Andrea Gambaro; Paolo Cescon; Giovanni Libralato; Marco Picone; Anna Volpi Ghirardini; Carlo Barbante. 2020. "Geospeciation, toxicological evaluation, and hazard assessment of trace elements in superficial and deep sediments." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 13: 15565-15583.

Research article
Published: 06 July 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Nanotechnology provides innovative and promising solutions for the conservation of cultural heritage, but the development and application of new nano-enabled products pose concerns regarding their human health and environmental risks. To address these issues, we propose a sustainability framework implementing the Safe by Design concept to support product developers in the early steps of product development, with the aim to provide safer nano-formulations for conservation, while retaining their functionality. In addition, this framework can support the assessment of sustainability of new products and their comparison to their conventional chemical counterparts if any. The goal is to promote the selection and use of safer and more sustainable nano-based products in different conservation contexts. The application of the proposed framework is illustrated through a hypothetical case which provides a realistic example of the methodological steps to be followed, tailored and iterated along the decision-making process.

ACS Style

Elena Semenzin; Elisa Giubilato; Elena Badetti; Marco Picone; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini; Danail Hristozov; Andrea Brunelli; Antonio Marcomini. Guiding the development of sustainable nano-enabled products for the conservation of works of art: proposal for a framework implementing the Safe by Design concept. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 26146 -26158.

AMA Style

Elena Semenzin, Elisa Giubilato, Elena Badetti, Marco Picone, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini, Danail Hristozov, Andrea Brunelli, Antonio Marcomini. Guiding the development of sustainable nano-enabled products for the conservation of works of art: proposal for a framework implementing the Safe by Design concept. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (25):26146-26158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Semenzin; Elisa Giubilato; Elena Badetti; Marco Picone; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini; Danail Hristozov; Andrea Brunelli; Antonio Marcomini. 2019. "Guiding the development of sustainable nano-enabled products for the conservation of works of art: proposal for a framework implementing the Safe by Design concept." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 25: 26146-26158.

Article
Published: 27 May 2019 in Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
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A sequential TIE procedure combining in a single framework Phase I manipulations and Phase II methods, including chemical analyses and complementary Phase I treatments, was proposed for characterization and identification of toxicants of concern in estuarine environments. Interstitial water was chosen as test matrix and embryo-larval development with the bivalve Crassostrea gigas as toxicity endpoint. TIE treatments included addition of Ulva rigida and elution through zeolite column for addressing effects due to ammonia, addition of EDTA and elution through a Cation-Exchange Solid-Phase Extraction column for characterize metals, and elution through two different type of polymers (XAD and DPA) with different affinity for polar and nonpolar organic pollutants. Chemical analyses concerned determination of ammonia and trace elements in the untreated sample and after manipulation intended to remove or modify bioavailability of ammonia and metals. The "hybrid" Phase I-Phase II TIE sequence proved to be a reliable and effective tool for the identification of main toxicant of concern in a highly toxic and contaminated interstitial water sample, also in presence of high concentration of potential confounding factors (ammonia). The addition of U. rigida was the more reliable treatment for the removal of ammonia, due to the concurrent release of particles and potentially toxic elements, such as Ba, Rb, and Tl by zeolite column, which may increase toxicity in the post-column sample. The combined use of polymers with different affinity for the various classes of organic pollutants was essential to identify the contribution of polar organic compounds to the observed toxicity.

ACS Style

Marco Picone; Fabiana Corami; Serena Vendramin; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. A Hybrid Phase I–Phase II Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) for the Simultaneous Characterization and Identification of Toxicants of Concern in Coastal and Estuarine Environments. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2019, 77, 223 -236.

AMA Style

Marco Picone, Fabiana Corami, Serena Vendramin, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. A Hybrid Phase I–Phase II Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) for the Simultaneous Characterization and Identification of Toxicants of Concern in Coastal and Estuarine Environments. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2019; 77 (2):223-236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Picone; Fabiana Corami; Serena Vendramin; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. 2019. "A Hybrid Phase I–Phase II Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) for the Simultaneous Characterization and Identification of Toxicants of Concern in Coastal and Estuarine Environments." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 77, no. 2: 223-236.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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ACS Style

V. Moschino; F. Riccato; R. Fiorin; N. Nesto; Marco Picone; A. Boldrin; L. Da Ros. Is derelict fishing gear impacting the biodiversity of the Northern Adriatic Sea? An answer from unique biogenic reefs. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 663, 387 -399.

AMA Style

V. Moschino, F. Riccato, R. Fiorin, N. Nesto, Marco Picone, A. Boldrin, L. Da Ros. Is derelict fishing gear impacting the biodiversity of the Northern Adriatic Sea? An answer from unique biogenic reefs. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 663 ():387-399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Moschino; F. Riccato; R. Fiorin; N. Nesto; Marco Picone; A. Boldrin; L. Da Ros. 2019. "Is derelict fishing gear impacting the biodiversity of the Northern Adriatic Sea? An answer from unique biogenic reefs." Science of The Total Environment 663, no. : 387-399.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2019 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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A non-invasive study of trace element accumulation in tail feathers of the Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) was performed along the coastline of the northern littoral strip of the Venice Lagoon, with the aim to verify whether contamination may be a factor affecting conservation status of Kentish plover populations. Body burdens in feathers of 11 trace elements including toxic metals/metalloids and essential elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, V, Zn) were quantified by ICP-MS, then concentrations were normalized to feather's age calculated using ptilochronology in order to obtain daily deposition rates. Mercury emerged as a major threat to the conservation of the species, since average feather concentration was clearly above the adverse-effect threshold associated with impairment in the reproductive success in a number of bird species. Also Cd and Se occurred at levels that may impact on the conservation status of the studied species at local scale, even if to a lesser extent than Hg. Gender-related differences in trace element accumulation emerged only for As, although for this element the risks associated to environmental exposure seem to be negligible.

ACS Style

Marco Picone; Fabiana Corami; Carlo Gaetan; Marco Basso; Alberto Battiston; Lucio Panzarin; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Accumulation of trace elements in feathers of the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2019, 179, 62 -70.

AMA Style

Marco Picone, Fabiana Corami, Carlo Gaetan, Marco Basso, Alberto Battiston, Lucio Panzarin, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Accumulation of trace elements in feathers of the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2019; 179 ():62-70.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Picone; Fabiana Corami; Carlo Gaetan; Marco Basso; Alberto Battiston; Lucio Panzarin; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. 2019. "Accumulation of trace elements in feathers of the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 179, no. : 62-70.

Article
Published: 06 September 2018 in Ecotoxicology
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A whole-sediment test with the infaunal amphipod Monocorophium insidiosum has been developed to assess the long-term effects exerted by sediment contamination on survival, growth rates and attainment of sexual maturity. Juvenile amphipods were exposed for 28 days to a control sediment (native sediment) and three sediment samples collected in sites of the Venice Lagoon, characterized by contamination levels ranging from low to moderate, and absence of acute toxicity toward amphipods. Growth rate was estimated as daily length (μm d−1) and weight increments (μg d−1). The long-term exposure to the test sediments affected significantly both growth rate and attainment of sexual maturity of the females of M. insidiosum. In contrast, survival was high and uniform among all the samples, despite the contamination gradient. The results suggest growth to be the more reliable and statistically relevant endpoint. Attainment of sexual maturity, although allowed the identification of detrimental effects, was affected by a higher among-replicates variance as compared with growth rates, and thus less reliable than growth for the identification of impairments. The significant impairments observed both on growth and attainment of maturity evidenced the need to address the monitoring, also in the Lagoon of Venice, towards the assessment of the long-term effects on benthic species.

ACS Style

Marco Picone; Martina Bergamin; Eugenia Delaney; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Assessment of whole-sediment chronic toxicity using sub-lethal endpoints with Monocorophium insidiosum. Ecotoxicology 2018, 27, 1237 -1248.

AMA Style

Marco Picone, Martina Bergamin, Eugenia Delaney, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Assessment of whole-sediment chronic toxicity using sub-lethal endpoints with Monocorophium insidiosum. Ecotoxicology. 2018; 27 (9):1237-1248.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Picone; Martina Bergamin; Eugenia Delaney; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. 2018. "Assessment of whole-sediment chronic toxicity using sub-lethal endpoints with Monocorophium insidiosum." Ecotoxicology 27, no. 9: 1237-1248.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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The early-life stages of development of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa from egg to copepodite I is proposed as an endpoint for assessing sediment toxicity by exposing newly released eggs directly onto the sediment-water interface. A preliminary study of 5 sediment samples collected in the lagoon of Venice highlighted that the larval development rate (LDR) and the early-life stages (ELS) mortality endpoints with A. tonsa are more sensitive than the standard amphipod mortality test; moreover LDR resulted in a more reliable endpoint than ELS mortality, due to the interference of the sediment with the recovery of unhatched eggs and dead larvae. The LDR data collected in a definitive study of 48 sediment samples from the Venice Lagoon has been analysed together with the preliminary data to evaluate the statistical performances of the bioassay (among replicate variance and minimum significant difference between samples and control) and to investigate the possible correlation with sediment chemistry and physical properties. The results showed that statistical performances of the LDR test with A. tonsa correspond with the outcomes of other tests applied to the sediment-water interface (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryotoxicity test), sediments (Neanthes arenaceodentata survival and growth test) and porewater (S. purpuratus); the LDR endpoint did, however, show a slightly higher variance as compared with other tests used in the Lagoon of Venice, such as 10-d amphipod lethality test and larval development with sea urchin and bivalves embryos. Sediment toxicity data highlighted the high sensitivity and the clear ability of the larval development to discriminate among sediments characterized by different levels of contamination. The data of the definitive study evidenced that inhibition of the larval development was not affected by grain-size and the organic carbon content of the sediment; in contrast, a strong correlation between inhibition of the larval development and the sediment concentrations of some metals (Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn), acid-volatile sulphides (AVS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was found. No correlation was found with DDTs, hexachlorobenzene and organotin compounds.

ACS Style

Marco Picone; Martina Bergamin; Eugenia Delaney; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini; Kresten Ole Kusk. Testing lagoonal sediments with early life stages of the copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana): An approach to assess sediment toxicity in the Venice Lagoon. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 147, 217 -227.

AMA Style

Marco Picone, Martina Bergamin, Eugenia Delaney, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini, Kresten Ole Kusk. Testing lagoonal sediments with early life stages of the copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana): An approach to assess sediment toxicity in the Venice Lagoon. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 147 ():217-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Picone; Martina Bergamin; Eugenia Delaney; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini; Kresten Ole Kusk. 2018. "Testing lagoonal sediments with early life stages of the copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana): An approach to assess sediment toxicity in the Venice Lagoon." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 147, no. : 217-227.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Highlights•Sediment contamination levels were from low to moderate.•The set of bioassays allowed the identification of a toxicity gradient.•Sub-chronic tests discriminated among samples, acute toxicity was generally absent.•Major toxic effects were measured in sites where anthropogenic pressure is higher.•Most of the sediments does not represent a risk for the biota in the short term. AbstractWithin the framework of a Weight of Evidence (WoE) approach, a set of four toxicity bioassays involving the amphipod Corophium volutator (10 d lethality test on whole sediment), the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (fertilization and embryo toxicity tests on elutriate) and the pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (embryo toxicity test on elutriate) was applied to sediments from 10 sampling sites of the Venice Lagoon (Italy). Sediments were collected during three campaigns carried out in May 2004 (spring campaign), October 2004 (autumn campaign) and February 2005 (winter campaign). Toxicity tests were performed on all sediment samples. Sediment grain-size and chemistry were measured during spring and autumn campaigns. This research investigated (i) the ability of toxicity tests in discriminating among sites with different contamination level, (ii) the occurrence of a gradient of effect among sampling sites, (iii) the possible correlation among toxicity tests, sediment chemistry, grain size and organic carbon, and (iv) the possible occurrence of toxicity seasonal variability. Sediment contamination levels were from low to moderate. No acute toxicity toward amphipods was observed, while sea urchin fertilization was affected only in few sites in just a single campaign. Short-term effects on larval development of sea urchin and oyster evidenced a clear spatial trend among sites, with increasing effects along the axis connecting the sea-inlets with the industrial area. The set of bioassays allowed the identification of a spatial gradient of effect, with decreasing toxicity from the industrial area toward the sea-inlets. Multivariate data analysis showed that the malformations of oyster embryos were significantly correlated to the industrial contamination (metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyls), while sea urchin development to sediment concentrations of As, Cr and organic carbon. Both embryo toxicity tests were significantly affected by high ammonia concentrations found in the elutriates extracted from some mudflat and industrial sediments. No significant temporal variation of the toxicity was observed within the experimental period. Amendments to the set of bioassays, with inclusion of chronic tests, can certainly provide more reliability and consistency to the characterization of the (possible) toxic effects.

ACS Style

Marco Picone; Martina Bergamin; Chiara Losso; Eugenia Delaney; Alessandra Arizzi Novelli; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Assessment of sediment toxicity in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy) using a multi-species set of bioassays. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2016, 123, 32 -44.

AMA Style

Marco Picone, Martina Bergamin, Chiara Losso, Eugenia Delaney, Alessandra Arizzi Novelli, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Assessment of sediment toxicity in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy) using a multi-species set of bioassays. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2016; 123 ():32-44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Picone; Martina Bergamin; Chiara Losso; Eugenia Delaney; Alessandra Arizzi Novelli; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. 2016. "Assessment of sediment toxicity in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy) using a multi-species set of bioassays." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 123, no. : 32-44.

Conference paper
Published: 09 May 2011 in Littoral 2010 &ndash; Adapting to Global Change at the Coast: Leadership, Innovation, and Investment
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The Lagoon of Marano and Grado has been experiencing some remarkable environmental impacts, which have affected the high-value natural ecosystem and consequently influenced relevant socio-economic aspects. One of the main problems relates to the diffuse contamination of soil and groundwater in the mainland, as well as sediments in rivers and in the lagoon itself. The need to ensure safe navigation conditions in the lagoon and in the Corno River serving Porto Nogaro harbour is another critical emergency. Other environmental issues of concern are: loss of morphological diversity, watershed basins’ pollution loads and protection of lagoon habitats. Due to the emergency situation, a Special Commissioner has been appointed by the national government to proceed with the resolution of the most critical problems. A specific “Operational Plan of interventions” was therefore elaborated in 2009. Approaching problems and solutions in an integrated way, the Plan represents one of the tools for the sustainable development of the lagoon. It strongly supports the adoption of adaptive management, foreseeing the periodical updating and improvement of objectives, strategies and interventions. The Plan also identifies the need for coordination among institutions and involvement of stakeholders as key elements for the implementation of adaptive management.

ACS Style

Emiliano Ramieri; Andrea Barbanti; Marco Picone; G. Menchini; E. Bressan; E. Dal Forno. Integrated plan for the sustainable management of the Lagoon of Marano and Grado. Littoral 2010 &ndash; Adapting to Global Change at the Coast: Leadership, Innovation, and Investment 2011, 05008 .

AMA Style

Emiliano Ramieri, Andrea Barbanti, Marco Picone, G. Menchini, E. Bressan, E. Dal Forno. Integrated plan for the sustainable management of the Lagoon of Marano and Grado. Littoral 2010 &ndash; Adapting to Global Change at the Coast: Leadership, Innovation, and Investment. 2011; ():05008.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emiliano Ramieri; Andrea Barbanti; Marco Picone; G. Menchini; E. Bressan; E. Dal Forno. 2011. "Integrated plan for the sustainable management of the Lagoon of Marano and Grado." Littoral 2010 &ndash; Adapting to Global Change at the Coast: Leadership, Innovation, and Investment , no. : 05008.

Comparative study
Published: 28 February 2009 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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A toxicity identification evaluation phase-I (TIE-1) procedure was carried out on five pore water samples extracted from sediments of the Venice Lagoon previously investigated to assess both chemical contamination and toxic effects on the biota. Two different sequential TIE procedures were tested. A first sequence (TIE-1) provided for adding Na2S2O3, adding Na-EDTA, filtering, elution through a C18-SPE column and removing ammonia using the macroalgae Ulva rigida Agardh 1823, while a second procedure (TIE-2) was set up using U. rigida treatment for ammonia removal as first step, keeping unchanged the sequence of the other manipulations. Two different exposure time to the macroalgae were tested (3-h and 15-h). Sperm-cell toxicity test with the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus and embryotoxicity tests with the bivalves Mytilus galloprovincialis and Crassostrea gigas were performed on pore-water samples to assess the effect of the sequential treatments on the overall toxicity. The results confirmed that ammonia contribution to toxicity is strong in most of the samples and that metals, specially Cu, are of concern at least in three sites. The TIE-2 procedure provided more reliable results for the samples characterized by high ammonia contribution to the overall toxicity, whereas the results of TIE-1 and TIE-2 were equivalent for the samples where ammonia contribution was not prevailing. Chemical analyses and test results showed that a 3-h U. rigida exposure is suitable to remove ammonia toxicity minimizing potential metal up-take.

ACS Style

Marco Picone; Martina Bergamin; Elisa Volpato; Eugenia Delaney; Clara Turetta; Martina Ranaldo; Gabriele Capodaglio; Cristina Nasci. Sequential toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) for characterizing toxicity of Venice Lagoon sediments: Comparison of two different approaches. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2009, 72, 538 -545.

AMA Style

Marco Picone, Martina Bergamin, Elisa Volpato, Eugenia Delaney, Clara Turetta, Martina Ranaldo, Gabriele Capodaglio, Cristina Nasci. Sequential toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) for characterizing toxicity of Venice Lagoon sediments: Comparison of two different approaches. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2009; 72 (2):538-545.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Picone; Martina Bergamin; Elisa Volpato; Eugenia Delaney; Clara Turetta; Martina Ranaldo; Gabriele Capodaglio; Cristina Nasci. 2009. "Sequential toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) for characterizing toxicity of Venice Lagoon sediments: Comparison of two different approaches." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 72, no. 2: 538-545.

Evaluation study
Published: 31 January 2009 in Environment International
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Porewater plays an important role in sediment toxicity assessment using bioassays, but the most reliable extracting method and the potential contribution of confounding factors to the real toxicity need to be studied. The applicability of bioassays with the early life stages of Paracentrotus lividus, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Crassostrea gigas on porewaters extracted by centrifugation from the Venice Lagoon (Italy) is evaluated and demonstrated: toxicity tests can discriminate the toxicity of porewaters from sites with different kinds and levels of pollution and, using toxicity scores, data are classified in five toxicity classes. Sulphides do not represent a confounding factor in porewater toxicity; in contrast ammonia exhibited some concentrations above the toxicity threshold for sea urchin embryos.

ACS Style

C Losso; A Novelli; Marco Picone; P Ghetti; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Porewater as a matrix in toxicity bioassays with sea urchins and bivalves: Evaluation of applicability to the Venice lagoon (Italy). Environment International 2009, 35, 118 -126.

AMA Style

C Losso, A Novelli, Marco Picone, P Ghetti, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Porewater as a matrix in toxicity bioassays with sea urchins and bivalves: Evaluation of applicability to the Venice lagoon (Italy). Environment International. 2009; 35 (1):118-126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C Losso; A Novelli; Marco Picone; P Ghetti; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. 2009. "Porewater as a matrix in toxicity bioassays with sea urchins and bivalves: Evaluation of applicability to the Venice lagoon (Italy)." Environment International 35, no. 1: 118-126.

Evaluation study
Published: 31 May 2008 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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The 96-h water-only exposure and 10-d sediment toxicity tests with the amphipod Corophium orientale were performed in order to enhance the knowledge about its overall sensitivity and its applicability to Venice Lagoon sediments. The values obtained with cadmium as reference toxicant demonstrated a certain variability of the LC(50); the higher value was found in spring and the lower in late summer. Tests with other pure chemicals (Ni, Total Ammonia, Sodium Dodecyl-Sulphate) showed good discriminatory power; the toxicity gradient observed was: Cd (LC(50) of 3.3 mg/L)>SDS (LC(50) of 8.7 mg/L)>total ammonia (LC(50) of 126mg/L)>Ni (LC(50) of 352 mg/L). Sediment toxicity test results were used to obtain information on non-treatment factors (grain-size, TOC content) that could act as confounding factors, and to develop a site-specific toxicity-score based on minimum significant difference approach. Confounding factors seem not to affect test results. The procedure to develop the toxicity score took into account the relatively lower sensitivity of C. orientale with respect to other amphipods commonly used in toxicity tests (Ampelisca abdita and Rhepoxynius abronius).

ACS Style

Marco Picone; Martina Bergamin; Arizzi Novelli Alessandra; Seta Noventa; Eugenia Delaney; Andrea Barbanti; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Evaluation of Corophium orientale as bioindicator for Venice Lagoon: Sensitivity assessment and toxicity-score proposal. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2008, 70, 174 -184.

AMA Style

Marco Picone, Martina Bergamin, Arizzi Novelli Alessandra, Seta Noventa, Eugenia Delaney, Andrea Barbanti, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Evaluation of Corophium orientale as bioindicator for Venice Lagoon: Sensitivity assessment and toxicity-score proposal. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2008; 70 (1):174-184.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Picone; Martina Bergamin; Arizzi Novelli Alessandra; Seta Noventa; Eugenia Delaney; Andrea Barbanti; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. 2008. "Evaluation of Corophium orientale as bioindicator for Venice Lagoon: Sensitivity assessment and toxicity-score proposal." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 70, no. 1: 174-184.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2007 in Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
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Bioassays are routinely employed for sediment quality assessment. In order to be able to effectively use Bioassays responses in regulatory and management frameworks, toxicity scores, which rank toxicity data in defined classes that are continuous and difficult to interpret, should be reliable and suitable tools to support decisions about the presence or absence of toxicity in tested samples and on how toxic a sample is. A statistical approach is needed to define thresholds for toxicity scores. The Minimum Significance Difference (MSD) criterion allowed the evaluation of toxicity thresholds for each test-matrix and organism pair, based on large sets of experimental data. The MSD values were normalized with respect to the control, ranked in ascending order, and the 90th percentile was identified; the Toxicity Threshold (TT) was calculated by subtracting the 90th percentile from 100 and the Toxicity Limit (TL) was estimated as the percentage of control response multiplied by TT. Taking into account sample responses normalized with respect to control (S), when S > TL, the sample is considered nontoxic; when S

ACS Style

Chiara Losso; Marco Picone; Alessandra Arizzi Novelli; Eugenia Delaney; Pier Francesco Ghetti; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Developing Toxicity Scores for Embryotoxicity Tests on Elutriates with the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the Oyster Crassostrea gigas, and the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2007, 53, 220 -226.

AMA Style

Chiara Losso, Marco Picone, Alessandra Arizzi Novelli, Eugenia Delaney, Pier Francesco Ghetti, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Developing Toxicity Scores for Embryotoxicity Tests on Elutriates with the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the Oyster Crassostrea gigas, and the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2007; 53 (2):220-226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Losso; Marco Picone; Alessandra Arizzi Novelli; Eugenia Delaney; Pier Francesco Ghetti; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. 2007. "Developing Toxicity Scores for Embryotoxicity Tests on Elutriates with the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the Oyster Crassostrea gigas, and the Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 53, no. 2: 220-226.

Evaluation study
Published: 28 February 2007 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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This work reports some considerations on the possible contribution of sulfide and ammonia to the toxicity of elutriate samples of sediments from the Venice lagoon, tested with a battery of bioassays using early life stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the oyster Crassostrea gigas. A comparison of ammonia or sulfide concentration in the test matrix, matrix toxicity, and the sensitivity limit of bioassays for ammonia or sulfide were used in evaluating toxicity data. Results highlighted that sperm cell and embryo toxicity of elutriates were not affected by sulfides. Neither was any direct relationship shown between elutriate toxicity and ammonia concentration. Most elutriates had ammonia concentrations below the sensitivity limit of acute test methods, while the more sensitive subchronic toxicity tests were affected by ammonia interference in some samples. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Chiara Losso; Alessandra Arizzi Novelli; Marco Picone; Davide Marchetto; Claudio Pantani; Pier Francesco Ghetti; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Potential role of sulfide and ammonia as confounding factors in elutriate toxicity bioassays with early life stages of sea urchins and bivalves. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2007, 66, 252 -257.

AMA Style

Chiara Losso, Alessandra Arizzi Novelli, Marco Picone, Davide Marchetto, Claudio Pantani, Pier Francesco Ghetti, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Potential role of sulfide and ammonia as confounding factors in elutriate toxicity bioassays with early life stages of sea urchins and bivalves. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2007; 66 (2):252-257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Losso; Alessandra Arizzi Novelli; Marco Picone; Davide Marchetto; Claudio Pantani; Pier Francesco Ghetti; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. 2007. "Potential role of sulfide and ammonia as confounding factors in elutriate toxicity bioassays with early life stages of sea urchins and bivalves." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 66, no. 2: 252-257.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2004 in Journal of Marine Systems
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Toxic hazard in sites with varying types and levels of contamination in the Lagoon of Venice was estimated by means of toxicity bioassays based on the early life-stages of the autochthonous sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Elutriate was chosen as the test matrix, due to its ability to highlight potential toxic effects towards sensitive biological components of the water column caused by sediment resuspension phenomena affecting the Lagoon. Surficial sediments (core–top 5 cm deep), directly influenced by resuspension/redeposition processes, and core sediments (core 20 cm deep), recording time-mediated contamination, were sampled in some sites located in the lagoonal area most greatly influenced by anthropogenic activities. Particle size, organic matter and water content were also analysed. In two sites, the results of physical parameters showed that the core–top sediments were coarser than the 20-cm core sediments. Sperm cell toxicity test results showed the negligible acute toxicity of elutriates from all investigated sites. The embryo toxicity test demonstrated a short-term chronic toxicity gradient for elutriates from the 20-cm core sediments, in general agreement both with the expected contamination gradient and with results of the Microtox® solid-phase test. Elutriates of the core–top 5-cm sediments revealed a totally inverted gradient, in comparison with that for the 20-cm core sediments, and the presence of a “hot spot” of contamination in the site chosen as a possible reference. Investigations on ammonia and sulphides as possible confounding factors excluded their contribution to this “hot spot”. Integrated physico-chemical and toxicity results on sediments at various depths demonstrated the presence of disturbed sediments in the central basin of the Lagoon of Venice.

ACS Style

C. Losso; A. Arizzi Novelli; Marco Picone; D. Marchetto; G. Pessa; E. Molinaroli; P.F. Ghetti; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Evaluation of surficial sediment toxicity and sediment physico-chemical characteristics of representative sites in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy). Journal of Marine Systems 2004, 51, 281 -292.

AMA Style

C. Losso, A. Arizzi Novelli, Marco Picone, D. Marchetto, G. Pessa, E. Molinaroli, P.F. Ghetti, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. Evaluation of surficial sediment toxicity and sediment physico-chemical characteristics of representative sites in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy). Journal of Marine Systems. 2004; 51 (1-4):281-292.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Losso; A. Arizzi Novelli; Marco Picone; D. Marchetto; G. Pessa; E. Molinaroli; P.F. Ghetti; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini. 2004. "Evaluation of surficial sediment toxicity and sediment physico-chemical characteristics of representative sites in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy)." Journal of Marine Systems 51, no. 1-4: 281-292.

Comparative study
Published: 01 January 2004 in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
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Sperm cell and embryo toxicity tests with the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were performed to assess the toxicity of sulfide, which is considered a confounding factor in toxicity tests. For improved information on the sensitivity of these methods to sulfide, experiments were performed in the same aerobic conditions used for testing environmental samples, with sulfide concentrations being monitored at the same time by cathodic stripping voltammetry. New toxicity data for sulfide expressed as median effective concentration (EC50) and no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) are reported. The EC50 value for the embryo toxicity test (total sulfide at 0.43 mg/L) was three times lower than for the sperm cell test (total sulfide at 1.20 mg/L), and the NOEC values were similar (on the order of total sulfide at 10(-1) mg/L) for both tests. The decrease in sulfide concentration during the bioassay as a consequence of possible oxidation of sulfide by dissolved oxygen was determined by voltammetric analysis, indicating a half-life of about 50 min in the presence of gametes. To check the influence of sulfide concentrations on toxicity effects in real samples, toxicity (with the sperm cell toxicity test) and chemical analyses also were performed in pore-water samples collected with an in situ sampler in sediments of the Lagoon of Venice (Italy). A highly positive correlation between increased acute toxicity and increased sulfide concentration was found. Examination of data revealed that sulfide is a real confounding factor in toxicity testing in anoxic environmental samples containing concentrations above the sensitivity limit of the method.

ACS Style

Chiara Losso; Alessandra Arizzi Novelli; Marco Picone; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini; Pier Francesco Ghetti; Danilo Rudello; Paolo Ugo. SULFIDE AS A CONFOUNDING FACTOR IN TOXICITY TESTS WITH THE SEA URCHIN PARACENTROTUS LIVIDUS: COMPARISONS WITH CHEMICAL ANALYSIS DATA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2004, 23, 396 -401.

AMA Style

Chiara Losso, Alessandra Arizzi Novelli, Marco Picone, Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini, Pier Francesco Ghetti, Danilo Rudello, Paolo Ugo. SULFIDE AS A CONFOUNDING FACTOR IN TOXICITY TESTS WITH THE SEA URCHIN PARACENTROTUS LIVIDUS: COMPARISONS WITH CHEMICAL ANALYSIS DATA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2004; 23 (2):396-401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chiara Losso; Alessandra Arizzi Novelli; Marco Picone; Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini; Pier Francesco Ghetti; Danilo Rudello; Paolo Ugo. 2004. "SULFIDE AS A CONFOUNDING FACTOR IN TOXICITY TESTS WITH THE SEA URCHIN PARACENTROTUS LIVIDUS: COMPARISONS WITH CHEMICAL ANALYSIS DATA." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23, no. 2: 396-401.