In Ethiopia, the human papillomavirus vaccine has been introduced since 2018. Since the vaccination program targets girls age 9–13, the success of vaccination depends on the parental decision and their willingness to vaccinate their daughters. Therefore, a study on parental willingness to vaccinate their daughter and factors associated is needed. To assess parent's willingness to vaccinate their daughter against the human papillomavirus and its associated factors in Bench-Sheko Zone, southwest Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 502 participants in Bench-Sheko Zone, southwest Ethiopia. The participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Frequency tables, mean and standard deviation were used to summarize the data. A binary logistic regression using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with parental willingness to vaccinate their daughter. The level of significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. Of the 502 participants interviewed, 399 (79.5%), 95% CI (76%, 83%) of parents were willing to vaccinate their daughter. The study found that primary education and above (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI [1.79, 4.95]), having good knowledge (AOR = 2.1, 95% CI [1.15, 4.10]) and positive attitude (AOR = 2, 95% CI [1.30, 3.41]) were significantly associated with parental willingness to vaccinate their daughter. This study found that there was a high parental willingness to vaccinate their daughter against the human papillomavirus in the study area. Primary education and above, having good knowledge and positive attitude were factors associated with parental willingness to vaccinate their daughter. Therefore, providing health information's regarding human papillomavirus vaccination with emphasis to raise community awareness should be designed especially less educated parents need to be targeted.

Vaginal birth after caesarean section is appropriate for a majority of women who have had a single prior lower segment caesarean section. However, little is known about vaginal birth after caesarean section in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the success rate of vaginal birth after caesarean section and its associated factors in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, southwest Ethiopia in 2020. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 mothers who gave birth by caesarean section from 2017 to 2019. The data were entered into epidata version 3.1.0 and analysed by SPSS version 21.0. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with successful vaginal birth after caesarean section. A crude and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to interpret the results. A P value of <0.05 indicated statistically significant results. Of 416 completed charts reviewed, the success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean section was 170 (41%), with 95% CI (36.2%, 45.6%). The factors associated with successful vaginal birth after cesarean section were: macrosomia as past indication of cesarean section delivery: AOR; 0.31, 95% CI (0.15, 0.62); prior successful vaginal birth after cesarean section: AOR; 2, 95% CI (1.18, 3.70); previous successful spontaneous vaginal delivery: AOR; 4, 95% CI (2.05, 7.83); cervical dilatation at admission: AOR; 2.7, 95% CI (1.47, 4.95), and duration of labor: AOR; 1.7, 95% CI (1.07, 2.83). The success rate of vaginal birth after caesarean section in the study area was low. Macrosomia as past indication of caesarean section, prior vaginal birth after caesarean section, history of vaginal birth, cervical dilatation at admission, and duration of labour were significantly associated with the success rate. Emphasis should be placed on those factors that lead to a higher likelihood of successful vaginal birth.

Objective: To assess cervical cancer screening positivity rates, follow-up rescreening uptake 1 year after treatment and persistent positivity among women with initial positive screening results in Ethiopia. The study also explored reasons for loss to follow-up and preferences for reminder strategies. Design: Longitudinal cross-sectional study. Settings: 10 primary healthcare facilities in Oromia and southern and central Ethiopia. Participants: From November 2022 to April 2024, 17 586 women screened for cervical cancer. Of these 768 (4.4%) had positive screening results, and 515 women treated at the primary level were included to assess follow-up rescreening uptake. An additional 139 women who did not return for follow-up were interviewed to identify reasons for non-uptake and reminder preferences. Result: Of the 515 women included in the analysis, 179 (34.8%, 95% CI: 30.6% to 38.8%) returned for follow-up rescreening. Among those re-screened, the persistent visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) positivity rate was 16.1% (95% CI: 11.0% to 21.7%). Factors significantly associated with follow-up rescreening uptake included age over 40 (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.5; 95% CI: 1.34 to 5.00), urban residence (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.58), secondary or higher education (AOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.06 to 4.12) and HIV-positive status (AOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.27 to 4.87). Among the 139 women contacted, the main reasons for non-uptake were lack of time, forgetting appointments, visiting another facility and pregnancy. Regarding preferred reminders, 93% favoured text messages and all agreed to phone calls or home visits. Conclusion: One-third of women adhered to follow-up rescreening after a positive cervical cancer screening in Ethiopia, revealing a considerable gap since those women had a three times higher chance of being VIA positive compared with the first screening. Older age, urban residence, higher education and HIV-positive status were significantly linked to follow-up rescreening uptake. Addressing barriers such as time constraints and forgotten appointments through tailored reminder strategies is essential for improving the follow-up rescreening uptake. Contextualised interventions can strengthen rescreening for finding those women at very high risk for cervical lesions and strengthen cervical cancer prevention in Ethiopia. Trial registration number: NCT06515301 .

The burden of cervical cancer (CC) is rising in Ethiopia, yet delays in diagnosis and treatment along care pathways remain a challenge. We aimed to explore

Background: Training of health care professionals and their participation in continuous medical education are crucial to ensure quality health care. Low-resource countries in Sub-Saharan Africa struggle with health care disparities between urban and rural areas concerning access to educational resources. While e-learning can facilitate a wide distribution of educational content, it depends on learners’ engagement and infrastructure. Objective: This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude, practice, and access to infrastructure related to e-learning among health care professionals in primary health care settings in Ethiopia. Methods: In April 2023, we carried out a quantitative, questionnaire-based cross-sectional study guided by the knowledge, attitudes, and practice framework, including additional items on available infrastructure. The scores in each category are defined as “high” and “low” based on the median, followed by the application of logistic regression on selected sociodemographic factors. We included health care professionals working in general and primary hospitals, health centers, and health posts. Results: Of 398 participants (response rate 94.5%), more than half (n=207, 52%) reported feeling confident about their understanding of e-learning and conducting online searches, both for general (n=247, 62.1%) and medical-related content (n=251, 63.1%). Higher levels of education were associated with better knowledge (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.32, 95% CI 1.45-3.68). Regardless of financial and personal efforts, we observed a generally positive attitude. Almost half of the participants (n=172, 43.2%) reported using the internet daily, compared to 16.8% (n=67) of participants who never used the internet. Higher education (AOR 2.56, 95% CI 1.57-4.16) and income levels (AOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.06-1.62) were associated with higher practice scores of e-learning-related activities. Women, however, exhibited lower practice scores (AOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27-0.71). Regular access to an internet-enabled device was reported by 43.5% (n=173) of the participants. Smartphones were the primarily used device (268/393, 67.3%). Common barriers to internet access were limited internet availability (142/437, 32.5%) and costs (n=190, 43.5%). Higher education (AOR 1.56, 95% CI 0.98, 2.46) and income (AOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.21-1.85) were associated with increased access to infrastructure, while it was decreased for women (AOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30-0.77). Conclusions: Although Ethiopian health care professionals report mixed levels of knowledge, they have a positive attitude toward e-learning in medical education. While internet use is common, especially via smartphone, the access to devices and reliable internet is limited. To improve accessibility, investments in the digital infrastructure and individual digital education programs are necessary, especially targeting women and those with lower income. Due to their widespread availability, e-learning programs should be optimized for smartphones.