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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), a member of the Asteraceae, is one of the major oilseed crops around the world. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is the most damaging disease of sunflowers globally. Fungicides are mostly used to control charcoal rot; however, these cause environmental pollution and pose adverse effects on the ecosystem. Therefore, ecofriendly management options are inevitable for the management of charcoal rot disease. Plant mineral nutrition, the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and biochar have recently been manipulated for the management of different plant diseases. However, the interactive effects of all these treatments have rarely been tested on charcoal rot suppression in sunflowers. This study assessed the influence of sulfur (0 and 2.25 mg/kg) combined with farmyard manure biochar (2%), NPK (20:20:20 mg/kg) and three different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains on the charcoal rot suppression growth, yield, biochemistry and physiology of sunflower. The PGPR strains included in the study were Bacillus sp. strain MR-1/2 (regarded as PGPR1), Achromobacter sp. strain FB-14 (regarded as PGPR2) and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 (regarded as PGPR3). The charcoal rot infestation was induced by inoculating the soil with M. phaseolina, and the impacts of the different treatments were studied on the disease infestation, growth, yield, biochemistry and physiology of sunflowers under 0 and 2.25-mg/kg S application. The results revealed that farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 in combination with 2.25-mg/kg S proved effective for the management of charcoal rot disease through regulating the antioxidant enzymes’ activities and strengthening the immune system of sunflower plants. The studied health markers (total chlorophyll content and carotenoids) and stress markers (total protein content, catalase and peroxidase) were significantly altered by the applied treatments under 0 and 2.25-mg/kg S applications. The findings of the experiment indicated that both farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10, combined with 2.25-mg/kg S, could be used to enhance the crop yield and manage charcoal rot disease in sunflowers. Farmyard manure biochar and Planomicrobium sp. strain MSSA-10 are an easy-to-apply, cost-effective, ecofriendly and sustainable option for the management of charcoal rot disease in sunflowers.
Muhammad Ijaz; Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Mansha; Kashif Khan; Muhammad Shahzad; Abdullah Al-Sadi; Muhammad Arif; Bandar Aljuaid; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Shahid Farooq. Sulfur Application Combined with Planomicrobium sp. Strain MSSA-10 and Farmyard Manure Biochar Helps in the Management of Charcoal Rot Disease in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Sustainability 2021, 13, 8535 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Ijaz, Abdul Sattar, Ahmad Sher, Sami Ul-Allah, Muhammad Mansha, Kashif Khan, Muhammad Shahzad, Abdullah Al-Sadi, Muhammad Arif, Bandar Aljuaid, Ahmed El-Shehawi, Shahid Farooq. Sulfur Application Combined with Planomicrobium sp. Strain MSSA-10 and Farmyard Manure Biochar Helps in the Management of Charcoal Rot Disease in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8535.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ijaz; Abdul Sattar; Ahmad Sher; Sami Ul-Allah; Muhammad Mansha; Kashif Khan; Muhammad Shahzad; Abdullah Al-Sadi; Muhammad Arif; Bandar Aljuaid; Ahmed El-Shehawi; Shahid Farooq. 2021. "Sulfur Application Combined with Planomicrobium sp. Strain MSSA-10 and Farmyard Manure Biochar Helps in the Management of Charcoal Rot Disease in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8535.
Several ground cherry (Physalis) species have attracted significant interest due to their potential use in medicines. Nonetheless, these species are invasive weeds in some regions of the world, while cultivated for food and medicinal uses in the others. Physalis angulata is cultivated for its medicinal potential, whereas P. philadelphica is grown as a horticultural crop. Both species are regarded as invasive weeds in Turkey causing significant economic losses. These species are underutilized in the country and could serve as a valuable resource for agriculture and medicine industries. Therefore, we investigated the seed dormancy type, levels and methods of dormancy release for P. angulata and P. philadelphica. Seeds of different populations of both species (3 population per species) were collected from various elevation gradients in southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. Numerous seed dormancy-release techniques were evaluated to understand the requirements for dormancy release. Significant differences were observed in seed dormancy level among species and their populations, while viability remained similar. Seeds P. angulata had higher dormancy level (73.07-98.78% dormancy) than P. philadelphica (7.56-33.15% dormancy). The level of seed dormancy was increased with increasing elevation gradient in both species. There were some germination inhibiting substances, which retarded seed germination of both species. This indicated that the dormancy type in both species belongs to physiological dormancy (PD). Running tap water proved the most effective treatment in releasing seed dormancy of all tested populations. Some of the dormancy breaking techniques, especially scarification with H2SO4, even suppressed germination. The knowledge of seed dormancy could be utilized to commercialize/cultivate both species in Turkey. Nevertheless, the result could also be used for the development of management strategies against the species where these are considered as invasive weeds.
Shahid Farooq; Huseyin Onen; Cumali Ozaslan; Ahmed M. El-Shehawi; Mona M. Elseehy. Characteristics and methods to release seed dormancy of two ground cherry (Physalis) species. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 2021, 100337 .
AMA StyleShahid Farooq, Huseyin Onen, Cumali Ozaslan, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, Mona M. Elseehy. Characteristics and methods to release seed dormancy of two ground cherry (Physalis) species. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 2021; ():100337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahid Farooq; Huseyin Onen; Cumali Ozaslan; Ahmed M. El-Shehawi; Mona M. Elseehy. 2021. "Characteristics and methods to release seed dormancy of two ground cherry (Physalis) species." Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , no. : 100337.
Different crop sequences and tillage systems strongly affect weed flora composition and crop productivity. Exploring the impacts of tillage systems and crop sequences on weed infestation/flora and crop productivity may help in improving system productivity through the selection of optimum cropping sequence and tillage system. This two-year study assessed the impact of five crop sequences, i.e., fallow-barley (F-B), maize-barley (M-B), cotton-barley (C-B), mungbean-barley (MB-B) and sorghum-barley (S-B) on weed infestation and productivity of barley crop under five different tillage systems, i.e., conventional tillage (CT), no tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), strip tillage (ST) and bed sowing (BS). Crop sequences and tillage systems significantly altered density and biomass of total and individual weeds, and yield-related traits of barley. The F-B, MB-B or C-B sequences with NT recorded higher weed infestation compared to the rest of crop sequences and tillage systems. However, all crop sequences with tilled soils (i.e., BS and CT) recorded lesser weed infestation than NT. The S-B and M-B sequences suppressed weed infestation under different tillage systems. Bed-sown barley in MB-B sequence had the highest number of productive tillers (251.79 and 273.74), number of grains spike−1 (56.53 and 54.60), 1000-grains weight (40.98 and 40.98 g) and grain yield (3.27 and 3.32 t ha−1) during 1st and 2nd year, respectively. Adoption of bed sowing and crop sequence having allelopathic crop seemed a viable option to suppress weed infestation, whereas crop sequence with legume improved system productivity of barley-based crop sequences.
Muhammad Naeem; Muhammad Farooq; Shahid Farooq; Sami Ul-Allah; Saleh Alfarraj; Mubshar Hussain. The impact of different crop sequences on weed infestation and productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different tillage systems. Crop Protection 2021, 149, 105759 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Naeem, Muhammad Farooq, Shahid Farooq, Sami Ul-Allah, Saleh Alfarraj, Mubshar Hussain. The impact of different crop sequences on weed infestation and productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different tillage systems. Crop Protection. 2021; 149 ():105759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Naeem; Muhammad Farooq; Shahid Farooq; Sami Ul-Allah; Saleh Alfarraj; Mubshar Hussain. 2021. "The impact of different crop sequences on weed infestation and productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different tillage systems." Crop Protection 149, no. : 105759.
Polygonum perfoliatum L. is an aggressive vine, currently invading the Black Sea region, Turkey. However, information about the seed germination biology of this species is scanty. The objective of the current study was to determine the seed germination biology of three naturalized populations of this species. Chemical scarification with 98% sulfuric acid for 30 min followed by cold-wet stratification at 4 °C for 4 weeks effectively released seed dormancy in tested populations. Seeds of all populations required a 12 h photoperiod for the highest germination, while germination under continuous dark and light remained similar. The seeds were able to germinate under a wide range of constant (5–40 °C) and alternating temperatures, pH (3–11), osmotic potential (0 to −1.4 MPa) and salinity (0–500 mM NaCl). However, the peak germination was observed under 20 °C constant and 20/15 °C alternating day/night temperature, and pH 6.8. Seeds of all populations were able to withstand 200 mM salinity and −0.6 MPa osmotic potential. Increasing seed burial depth initially stimulated seedling emergence and then a sharp decline was observed for the seeds buried below >2 cm depth. More than 90% of the seeds were unable to emerge when buried >6 cm depth. Polygonum perfoliatum has a large potential for range expansion; therefore, immediate management of the naturalized populations is warranted. This weed species in agricultural fields can be managed by burying the seeds in deeper soil layers (6 cm), while post-emergence management strategies need to be developed for roadside populations.
Shahid Farooq; Huseyin Onen; Sonnur Tad; Cumali Ozaslan; Samy Mahmoud; Marian Brestic; Marek Zivcak; Milan Skalicky; Ahmed El-Shehawi. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1123 .
AMA StyleShahid Farooq, Huseyin Onen, Sonnur Tad, Cumali Ozaslan, Samy Mahmoud, Marian Brestic, Marek Zivcak, Milan Skalicky, Ahmed El-Shehawi. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahid Farooq; Huseyin Onen; Sonnur Tad; Cumali Ozaslan; Samy Mahmoud; Marian Brestic; Marek Zivcak; Milan Skalicky; Ahmed El-Shehawi. 2021. "The Influence of Environmental Factors on Seed Germination of Polygonum perfoliatum L.: Implications for Management." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1123.
Accumulation of non-essential heavy metals like chromium (Cr) is among major abiotic stresses, which adversely affect crop growth. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is the most dangerous form negatively affecting the growth and productivity of crops. This study evaluated the role of black cumin extracts (BCE) in improving growth and productivity of maize genotypes under different concentrations of Cr(VI). Two maize genotypes (“Neelum” and “P1543”) were grown under 0, 4, 8 and 12 mg Cr(VI) kg−1 concentrations. The BCE was applied as foliar spray at three concentrations (0, 10 and 20%) at 25 and 45 days after sowing. Increasing Cr(VI) concentration significantly (p < 0.05) reduced seed germination, root and allometric traits, gas exchange attributes and relative water contents of tested genotypes. Hybrid maize genotype better tolerated tested Cr(VI) concentrations than synthetic genotype with lower Cr accumulation and better allometric and gas exchange traits. Exogenous application of 20% BCE proved effective in lowering the adverse effects of Cr(VI) toxicity on maize genotypes. It is concluded that 20% BCE could be used to improve maize performance through better allometric and gas exchange traits under different Cr(VI) concentrations. Nonetheless, actual mechanisms involved in improved Cr(VI)-tolerance of maize with BCE application must be explored. Novelty statement Black cumin has been widely used to reduce Cr toxicity in animals. However, the role of black cumin in reducing Cr toxicity in plants has never been studied. The present study was conducted to infer the role of different concentrations of black cumin extract in improving the growth of synthetic and hybrid maize genotypes under different levels of Cr stress. It is concluded that black cumin extract could be used to lower Cr toxicity in maize grown under Cr-contaminated soils.
Hafiza Mamona Allah Ditta; Abida Aziz; Madiha Khadim Hussain; Noman Mehboob; Mubshar Hussain; Shahid Farooq; Muhammad Farooq Azhar. Exogenous application of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed extract improves maize growth under chromium (Cr) stress. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2021, 1 -13.
AMA StyleHafiza Mamona Allah Ditta, Abida Aziz, Madiha Khadim Hussain, Noman Mehboob, Mubshar Hussain, Shahid Farooq, Muhammad Farooq Azhar. Exogenous application of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed extract improves maize growth under chromium (Cr) stress. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2021; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHafiza Mamona Allah Ditta; Abida Aziz; Madiha Khadim Hussain; Noman Mehboob; Mubshar Hussain; Shahid Farooq; Muhammad Farooq Azhar. 2021. "Exogenous application of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed extract improves maize growth under chromium (Cr) stress." International Journal of Phytoremediation , no. : 1-13.
Intercropping legumes with cereals has been a common cropping system in short-season rainfed environments due to its increased productivity and sustainability. Intercropping barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) could increase the grain yield of barley and improve resource use efficiency of the intercropping system. However, non-optimum planting geometry has been a hurdle in the adaptation of barley-based cropping systems. This study was aimed at optimizing the planting geometry, and assess the productivity and profitability of barley-Egyptian clover intercropping system. Ten different planting geometries, differing in number of rows of barley, width and number of irrigation furrows and planting method were tested. Intercropping barley with Egyptian clover improved 56–68% grain yield of barley compared with mono-cropped barley. Barley remained dominant crop in terms of aggressiveness, relative crowding coefficient and competitive ratio. The amount of water used was linearly increased with increasing size of barley strip from 3 to 8 rows. The highest water use efficiency (4.83 kg/cf3) was recorded for 8-row barley strip system with 120 cm irrigation furrows compared to rest of the planting geometries. In conclusion, 8-rows of barley planted on beds with Egyptian clover in 120 cm irrigation furrows had the highest net income and cost benefit ratio. Therefore, it is recommended that this planting geometry can be used for better economic returns of barley-Egyptian clover intercropping system. However, barley strips with >8 rows were not included in this study, which is limitation of the current study. Therefore, future studies with >8 barley rows in strip should be conducted to infer the economic feasibility and profitability of wider barley strips.
Muhammad Ikram Ul Haq; Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool; Ansar Ali; Shahid Farooq; Shahbaz Khan; Muhammad Sohail Saddiq; Khurshied Ahmad Khan; Shahbaz Ali; Muhammad Ifnan Khan; Ansar Hussain; Muhammad Arif; Maqbool Ahmad; Mahwish Tanveer. Optimizing planting geometry for barley-Egyptian clover intercropping system in semi-arid sub-tropical climate. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0233171 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Ikram Ul Haq, Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool, Ansar Ali, Shahid Farooq, Shahbaz Khan, Muhammad Sohail Saddiq, Khurshied Ahmad Khan, Shahbaz Ali, Muhammad Ifnan Khan, Ansar Hussain, Muhammad Arif, Maqbool Ahmad, Mahwish Tanveer. Optimizing planting geometry for barley-Egyptian clover intercropping system in semi-arid sub-tropical climate. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (5):e0233171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ikram Ul Haq; Muhammad Mudassar Maqbool; Ansar Ali; Shahid Farooq; Shahbaz Khan; Muhammad Sohail Saddiq; Khurshied Ahmad Khan; Shahbaz Ali; Muhammad Ifnan Khan; Ansar Hussain; Muhammad Arif; Maqbool Ahmad; Mahwish Tanveer. 2020. "Optimizing planting geometry for barley-Egyptian clover intercropping system in semi-arid sub-tropical climate." PLoS ONE 15, no. 5: e0233171.
A 3-year study evaluated the effect of different seed-priming techniques on the performance of two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Seher-2006 and Shafaq-2006, planted in rows spaced at 22.5 or 30 cm. Three seed priming techniques—on-farm priming, hydropriming, and osmopriming (using CaCl2)—and an untreated control (dry seeds) were included in the study. Seed priming resulted in earlier and more uniform crop emergence and improved allometric and yield-related traits compared with untreated seeds. Hydropriming and osmopriming significantly improved the allometric traits of Seher-2006 planted at 22.5-cm row spacing and Shafaq-2006 planted at 30-cm row spacing each year. The combination of osmopriming and 30-cm row spacing produced the highest number of productive tillers, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight across all experimental years. The highest grain yield and harvest index were recorded for osmopriming and 22.5-cm row spacing each year. Shafaq-2006 produced higher biological yield, whereas Seher-2006 produced the higher grain yield and harvest index. Osmoprimed seeds planted at 22.5-cm row spacing recorded the highest economic returns and benefit:cost ratios in both cultivars. In conclusion, planting osmoprimed seeds of wheat in 22.5-cm spaced rows could be effectively used to increase productivity and economic returns.
Muhammad Farooq; Mubshar Hussain; Muhammad Mazhar Habib; Muhammad Shoaib Khan; Imran Ahmad; Shahid Farooq; Kadambot H. M. Siddique. Influence of seed priming techniques on grain yield and economic returns of bread wheat planted at different spacings. Crop and Pasture Science 2020, 71, 725 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Farooq, Mubshar Hussain, Muhammad Mazhar Habib, Muhammad Shoaib Khan, Imran Ahmad, Shahid Farooq, Kadambot H. M. Siddique. Influence of seed priming techniques on grain yield and economic returns of bread wheat planted at different spacings. Crop and Pasture Science. 2020; 71 (8):725.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Farooq; Mubshar Hussain; Muhammad Mazhar Habib; Muhammad Shoaib Khan; Imran Ahmad; Shahid Farooq; Kadambot H. M. Siddique. 2020. "Influence of seed priming techniques on grain yield and economic returns of bread wheat planted at different spacings." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 8: 725.
Nutrient accumulation in plant leaves provides empirical information about the uptake, translocation and utilization of available resources, which is ultimately reflected in yield. Several studies have reported that rootstock significantly affect nutrient uptake and yield in pistachio; however, little is known about the differences among cultivars of different origin grafted on the same rootstock. This study was conducted to assess the differences in nutrient uptake, yield and nut quality of different pistachio cultivars grafted on Pistacia khinjuk rootstock in Sanliurfa province, Turkey. An orchard with 14 different cultivars grafted on same rootstock was established in 1994 with 7 m × 5 m spacing. Leaf samples were collected at the beginning of fruit maturation and analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu contents. Yield and nut quality were evaluated at maturity. Significant differences were observed among cultivars for nutrient uptake, yield and nut quality. The highest N, P and K were accumulated by ‘Haciserifi’ cultivar, whereas the highest uptake of Ca, Mg and Cu was noted for ‘Mumtaz’ cultivar. Similarly, ‘Vahidi’ cultivar accumulated the highest amounts of Fe and Zn, whereas the highest accumulation of Mn was recorded for ‘Sel-15′ cultivar. The highest 100-fruit weight and yield were recorded for ‘Mumtaz’ cultivar. Similarly, the highest percentage of split nuts was recorded for ‘Sel-2′, ‘Sel-5′ and ‘Siirt’ cultivars, whereas the highest kernel ratio was noted for ‘Ohadi’ cultivar. Principal component analysis divided the cultivars in 3 groups. The cultivars in the first group had similar Cu, Mg, Ca, K accumulation, 100-fruit weight and yield, while the second group cultivars had similar accumulation of N, P, Zn and Fe. The third group had the cultivars with heterogenous accumulation of plant nutrients. It is concluded that nutrient accumulation, yield and quality of pistachio is not only influenced by rootstock; rather, grafted cultivars also significantly differ for nutrient uptake. Therefore, both rootstock and cultivars should be considered while establishing pistachio orchards for efficient utilization of available resources and better economic returns.
Abdulkadir Surucu; Izzet Acar; Ali Riza Demirkiran; Shahid Farooq; Veysel Gokmen. Variations in nutrient uptake, yield and nut quality of different pistachio cultivars grafted on Pistacia khinjuk rootstock. Scientia Horticulturae 2019, 260, 108913 .
AMA StyleAbdulkadir Surucu, Izzet Acar, Ali Riza Demirkiran, Shahid Farooq, Veysel Gokmen. Variations in nutrient uptake, yield and nut quality of different pistachio cultivars grafted on Pistacia khinjuk rootstock. Scientia Horticulturae. 2019; 260 ():108913.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdulkadir Surucu; Izzet Acar; Ali Riza Demirkiran; Shahid Farooq; Veysel Gokmen. 2019. "Variations in nutrient uptake, yield and nut quality of different pistachio cultivars grafted on Pistacia khinjuk rootstock." Scientia Horticulturae 260, no. : 108913.
Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is an invasive species, and is currently spread in different habitats over several regions in Turkey. However, no information exists on the seed germination biology of Turkish populations. Therefore, the seed germination niche (upper and lower limits of environmental conditions for seed germination) was determined for common ragweed populations in two climatic regions (Thrace and Black Sea) of Turkey. Seed germination was evaluated under different photoperiods, constant temperatures and levels of water stress, salinity and pH. Seedling emergence was recorded from various seed burial depths. Significant differences were observed among populations for the seed germination niche and seedling emergence. Seed germination niche helps explain the occurrence of the species in the diverse environmental conditions found across Turkey. Seeds from the Thrace populations were more tolerant to water and salinity stress and germinated under relatively higher pH levels than those from the Black Sea populations. Further, seeds from the Thrace region germinated to higher percentages at all temperatures than those from the Black Sea populations. Seeds from all populations germinated to higher percentages in light/dark than in dark. Seedling emergence was significantly retarded by a seed burial depth > 4 cm. The results suggest that the species has extensive range expansion potential in the country and that immediate management of the naturalized populations is needed. In agricultural habitats, the species can be managed by shallow tillage and subsequent management of emerging seedlings to reduce the soil seed bank. Management strategies such as appropriate mowing time and mowing frequency need to be developed for control of roadside populations.
S. Farooq; H. Onen; C. Ozaslan; C.C. Baskin; H. Gunal. Seed germination niche for common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) populations naturalized in Turkey. South African Journal of Botany 2019, 123, 361 -371.
AMA StyleS. Farooq, H. Onen, C. Ozaslan, C.C. Baskin, H. Gunal. Seed germination niche for common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) populations naturalized in Turkey. South African Journal of Botany. 2019; 123 ():361-371.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Farooq; H. Onen; C. Ozaslan; C.C. Baskin; H. Gunal. 2019. "Seed germination niche for common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) populations naturalized in Turkey." South African Journal of Botany 123, no. : 361-371.
Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatusL.) is a highly invasive vine that has become naturalized in the humid Black Sea region of Turkey, but previous to this study there was no information on the germination biology of this weed. The germination biology of three naturalized populations ofS. angulatusfrom the Black Sea region was studied in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The germination of nondormant seeds was observed under different photoperiods, constant temperatures, and varying levels of pH, salinity, and osmotic potential. Furthermore, seedling emergence from various soil depths was investigated. The seeds of all populations proved nonphotoblastic (82% to 90%, 55% to 66%, and 48% to 56% germination under 12-, 24-, and 0-h photoperiod, respectively) and germinated over a wide range of temperatures (5 to 40 C). Seedlings emerged from all seed burial depths (0 to 15 cm); however, germination was drastically reduced (>90% reduction) beyond 6 to 8 cm. Seed germination was 30% to 38% for seeds placed on the surface and increased to 78% to 88% for seeds buried 2 cm deep, while germination was severely reduced for seeds buried 10 and 15 cm deep (8 to 12% and 0 to 6%, respectively). Seeds of all populations were found to be sensitive to osmotic and salinity stress and to highly acidic and alkaline pH levels. All populations had similar requirements for germination that are directly related to their area of naturalization. These results indicate that the species has limited potential for range expansion to arid, semiarid (nonirrigated), and relatively saline areas. However, humid, salinity-free, and frequently irrigated areas of the country are at high risk of invasion. In arable lands, deep tillage followed by shallow tillage and effective management of emerging seedlings could deplete the soil seedbank in the long run. However, there is an urgent need for effective strategies to manage the species in other nonarable areas.
Huseyin Önen; Shahid Farooq; Sonnur Tad; Cumali Özaslan; Hikmet Gunal; Bhagirath Chauhan. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Germination of Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus) Seeds: Implications for Range Expansion and Management. Weed Science 2018, 66, 494 -501.
AMA StyleHuseyin Önen, Shahid Farooq, Sonnur Tad, Cumali Özaslan, Hikmet Gunal, Bhagirath Chauhan. The Influence of Environmental Factors on Germination of Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus) Seeds: Implications for Range Expansion and Management. Weed Science. 2018; 66 (4):494-501.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuseyin Önen; Shahid Farooq; Sonnur Tad; Cumali Özaslan; Hikmet Gunal; Bhagirath Chauhan. 2018. "The Influence of Environmental Factors on Germination of Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus) Seeds: Implications for Range Expansion and Management." Weed Science 66, no. 4: 494-501.
Two Solanaceae invasive plant species (Physalis angulata L. and P. philadelphica Lam. var. immaculata Waterfall) infest several arable crops and natural habitats in Southeastern Anatolia region, Turkey. However, almost no information is available regarding germination biology of both species. We performed several experiments to infer the effects of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of different populations of both species collected from various locations with different elevations and habitat characteristics. Seed dormancy level of all populations was decreased with increasing age of the seeds. Seed dormancy of freshly harvested and aged seeds of all populations was effectively released by running tap water. Germination was slightly affected by photoperiods, which suggests that seeds are slightly photoblastic. All seeds germinated under wide range of temperature (15-40 °C), pH (4-10), osmotic potential (0 to -1.2 MPa) and salinity (0-400 mM sodium chloride) levels. The germination ability of both plant species under wide range of environmental conditions suggests further invasion potential towards non-infested areas in the country. Increasing seed burial depth significantly reduced the seedling emergence, and seeds buried below 4 cm of soil surface were unable to emerge. In arable lands, soil inversion to maximum depth of emergence (i.e., 6 cm) followed by conservational tillage could be utilized as a viable management option.
Cumali Ozaslan; Shahid Farooq; Huseyin Onen; Selcuk Ozcan; Bekir Bukun; Hikmet Gunal. Germination Biology of Two Invasive Physalis Species and Implications for Their Management in Arid and Semi-arid Regions. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 16960 .
AMA StyleCumali Ozaslan, Shahid Farooq, Huseyin Onen, Selcuk Ozcan, Bekir Bukun, Hikmet Gunal. Germination Biology of Two Invasive Physalis Species and Implications for Their Management in Arid and Semi-arid Regions. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):16960.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCumali Ozaslan; Shahid Farooq; Huseyin Onen; Selcuk Ozcan; Bekir Bukun; Hikmet Gunal. 2017. "Germination Biology of Two Invasive Physalis Species and Implications for Their Management in Arid and Semi-arid Regions." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 16960.
Shahid Farooq; Sonnur Tad; Huseyin Onen; Hikmet Gunal; Ugur Caldiran; Cumali Ozaslan. Range expansion potential of two co-occurring invasive vines to marginal habitats in Turkey. Acta Oecologica 2017, 84, 23 -33.
AMA StyleShahid Farooq, Sonnur Tad, Huseyin Onen, Hikmet Gunal, Ugur Caldiran, Cumali Ozaslan. Range expansion potential of two co-occurring invasive vines to marginal habitats in Turkey. Acta Oecologica. 2017; 84 ():23-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahid Farooq; Sonnur Tad; Huseyin Onen; Hikmet Gunal; Ugur Caldiran; Cumali Ozaslan. 2017. "Range expansion potential of two co-occurring invasive vines to marginal habitats in Turkey." Acta Oecologica 84, no. : 23-33.
Common ragweed is a troublesome allergenic invader and noxious weed of several crops. Despite extensive research to understand the factors affecting its invasion, the role of environmental stresses and soil types on survival and growth is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of drought, salinity, and soil types on survival, growth, and nutrient uptake of ragweed in greenhouse experiments to predict its invasiveness in Turkey. Three separate experiments, with five drought intensities (100, 75, 50, 25, and 12.5% of field capacity [FC]), four levels of salinity (0, 3, 6, and 12 dS m−1), and five soil types varying in sand, silt, and clay content were performed. Severe drought and salinity levels reduced seedling survival, while soil type had no effect. Increasing drought and salinity negatively affected growth and nutrient uptake; the poorest growth was observed under severe drought intensity. Ragweed exhibited intensive tolerance to drought, even severe levels, while it tolerated salinity up to 6 dS m−1 for seedling survival. Growth was negatively affected above 3 dS m−1. The highest and lowest nutrient accumulations were recorded under moderate and extreme drought intensities, respectively. Similarly, the highest Na accumulation was observed under extreme saline conditions, whereas the highest P uptake and K/Na ratio were achieved under nonsaline conditions (0 dS m−1). Variation of soil texture had no effect on growth and nutrient uptake. The highest Ca, Mg, and Na accumulations were recorded on clay soil, while higher P accrued on sandy-loam soil. Increased tolerance of ragweed to severe drought and moderate salinity and its nonselective nature for soil type indicate that semiarid and partially arid regions in Turkey have plenty of vacant niches for ragweed invasion.
Huseyin Onen; Shahid Farooq; Hikmet Gunal; Cumali Ozaslan; Halil Erdem. Higher Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Soil Types May Accelerate Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Invasion. Weed Science 2016, 65, 115 -127.
AMA StyleHuseyin Onen, Shahid Farooq, Hikmet Gunal, Cumali Ozaslan, Halil Erdem. Higher Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Soil Types May Accelerate Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Invasion. Weed Science. 2016; 65 (1):115-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuseyin Onen; Shahid Farooq; Hikmet Gunal; Cumali Ozaslan; Halil Erdem. 2016. "Higher Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Soil Types May Accelerate Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Invasion." Weed Science 65, no. 1: 115-127.
Cumali Ozaslan; Shahid Farooq; Huseyin Onen. DO RAILWAYS CONTRIBUTE TO PLANT INVASION IN TURKEY. The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry" 2016, 62, 1 .
AMA StyleCumali Ozaslan, Shahid Farooq, Huseyin Onen. DO RAILWAYS CONTRIBUTE TO PLANT INVASION IN TURKEY. The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry". 2016; 62 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCumali Ozaslan; Shahid Farooq; Huseyin Onen. 2016. "DO RAILWAYS CONTRIBUTE TO PLANT INVASION IN TURKEY." The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry" 62, no. 3: 1.
In the published article Hussain et al., (2016) the name of the last co-author was spelt incorrectly. The author's name should have read as: M. Farooq.
M. Hussain; M. Waqas-Ul-Haq; Shahid Farooq; K. Jabran; M. Farroq. THE IMPACT OF SEED PRIMING AND ROW SPACING ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF IRRIGATED WHEAT UNDER EARLY SEASON DROUGHT—CORRIGENDUM. Experimental Agriculture 2016, 52, 491 -491.
AMA StyleM. Hussain, M. Waqas-Ul-Haq, Shahid Farooq, K. Jabran, M. Farroq. THE IMPACT OF SEED PRIMING AND ROW SPACING ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF IRRIGATED WHEAT UNDER EARLY SEASON DROUGHT—CORRIGENDUM. Experimental Agriculture. 2016; 52 (3):491-491.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Hussain; M. Waqas-Ul-Haq; Shahid Farooq; K. Jabran; M. Farroq. 2016. "THE IMPACT OF SEED PRIMING AND ROW SPACING ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF IRRIGATED WHEAT UNDER EARLY SEASON DROUGHT—CORRIGENDUM." Experimental Agriculture 52, no. 3: 491-491.
A decrease in water resources around the globe in irrigated agriculture has resulted in a steep decline in irrigation water availability. Therefore, management options for efficient use of available irrigation water are inevitable. Deciding the critical time, frequency and amount of irrigation are compulsory to achieve higher crop outputs. Hence, this two-year field study was conducted to assess the role of different row spacings, i.e., 20, 25 and 30 cm, on growth, productivity, and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat under deficit supplemental irrigation (DSI) at the vegetative and reproductive phase by using surplus supplemental irrigation (SSI) throughout the growing season as the control. DSI at both growth stages, and the reproductive stage in particular, changed the crop allometry, yield and net income of wheat. However, narrow spacing (20 cm) resulted in efficient use of available irrigation water (DSI and SSI) with higher yield, WUE and economic returns. Interestingly, wider spacing resulted in a higher number of grains per spike with higher 1000-grain weight under SSI and DSI, but final yield output remained poor due to a lower number of productive tillers. It was concluded that reducing irrigation during the vegetative stage is less damaging compared with the reproductive phase; therefore, sufficient supplemental irrigation must be added at the reproductive stage, particularly during grain-filling. Further, narrow spacing (20 cm) resulted in efficient utilization of available irrigation water; therefore, wheat must be grown at a narrow spacing to ensure the efficient utilization of available irrigation water.
Mubshar Hussain; Shahid Farooq; Khawar Jabran; Muhammad Ijaz; Abdul Sattar; Waseem Hassan. Wheat Sown with Narrow Spacing Results in Higher Yield and Water Use Efficiency under Deficit Supplemental Irrigation at the Vegetative and Reproductive Stage. Agronomy 2016, 6, 22 .
AMA StyleMubshar Hussain, Shahid Farooq, Khawar Jabran, Muhammad Ijaz, Abdul Sattar, Waseem Hassan. Wheat Sown with Narrow Spacing Results in Higher Yield and Water Use Efficiency under Deficit Supplemental Irrigation at the Vegetative and Reproductive Stage. Agronomy. 2016; 6 (2):22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMubshar Hussain; Shahid Farooq; Khawar Jabran; Muhammad Ijaz; Abdul Sattar; Waseem Hassan. 2016. "Wheat Sown with Narrow Spacing Results in Higher Yield and Water Use Efficiency under Deficit Supplemental Irrigation at the Vegetative and Reproductive Stage." Agronomy 6, no. 2: 22.
SUMMARYThis study was conducted to improve wheat production under vegetative (early season) drought stress. Hydroprimed and osmoprimed (with CaCl2) seeds of wheat cultivars Lasani-2008 (LS-2008) and Triple Dwarf-1 (TD-1), were sown in 20 (narrow), 25 (medium), and 30 cm (wider) spaced rows. Crop was grown under well-watered conditions till physiological maturity or was subjected to drought stress (50% field capacity) during vegetative phase and then grown under well-watered conditions. Drought stress caused substantial reduction in grain and biological yields, related traits, harvest index (HI) and water use efficiency (WUE). Nonetheless, planting osmoprimed seeds in narrowly spaced rows significantly improved the grain yield, HI and WUE. However, wheat planted in wider rows had bold grains. Furthermore, wheat cultivar LS-2008 produced better yield, even under drought stress, than cultivar TD-1. Economic analysis indicated that planting osmoprimed seeds of wheat cultivar LS-2008 in narrowly spaced rows under early season drought yielded maximum economic benefits. In conclusion, planting osmoprimed seeds of cultivar LS-2008 in narrowly spaced rows is a good agronomic option to improve the wheat performance under early season drought stress.
M. Hussain; M. Waqas-Ul-Haq; S. Farooq; K. Jabran; M. Farroq. THE IMPACT OF SEED PRIMING AND ROW SPACING ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF IRRIGATED WHEAT UNDER EARLY SEASON DROUGHT. Experimental Agriculture 2016, 52, 477 -490.
AMA StyleM. Hussain, M. Waqas-Ul-Haq, S. Farooq, K. Jabran, M. Farroq. THE IMPACT OF SEED PRIMING AND ROW SPACING ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF IRRIGATED WHEAT UNDER EARLY SEASON DROUGHT. Experimental Agriculture. 2016; 52 (3):477-490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Hussain; M. Waqas-Ul-Haq; S. Farooq; K. Jabran; M. Farroq. 2016. "THE IMPACT OF SEED PRIMING AND ROW SPACING ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF IRRIGATED WHEAT UNDER EARLY SEASON DROUGHT." Experimental Agriculture 52, no. 3: 477-490.
In the present study, various sequential extraction methods were applied to assess the mercury (Hg) contents bounded with different chemical fractions of coal samples, collected from four different seams of the blocks III and V in Thar coalfield, Pakistan. The BCR sequential extraction (BCR-SE) method and two alternative modified schemes (conventional and ultrasonic assisted single step extractions) were designed and applied on the same operating conditions for each individual BCR fraction. Proximate and elemental analyses of coal samples were also performed to point out the physicochemical characteristics of the Thar coal samples. Validation of the desired methodologies was checked by the standard addition method to the real coal samples. The Hg concentration in extractable fractions was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometer (CV-AAS). The proposed conventional (CSE) and ultrasonic assisted single step (USE) extraction methods were non-tedious and time saving, as the extraction time was reduced from 51 h to 36 h and 2 h, respectively. The extraction efficiency of CSE and USE was comparable with those data obtained with the conventional BCR protocol. The relative mobility of Hg in coal samples obtained from different depths was found in the following increasing order: oxidizable fraction < reducible fraction < acid soluble fraction.
Jamshed Ali; Tasneem G. Kazi; Hassan I. Afridi; Jameel A. Baig; Mariam S. Arain; Naeemullah; Shahid Farooq. The evaluation of sequentially extracted mercury fractions in Thar coal samples by using different extraction schemes. International Journal of Coal Geology 2016, 156, 50 -58.
AMA StyleJamshed Ali, Tasneem G. Kazi, Hassan I. Afridi, Jameel A. Baig, Mariam S. Arain, Naeemullah, Shahid Farooq. The evaluation of sequentially extracted mercury fractions in Thar coal samples by using different extraction schemes. International Journal of Coal Geology. 2016; 156 ():50-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamshed Ali; Tasneem G. Kazi; Hassan I. Afridi; Jameel A. Baig; Mariam S. Arain; Naeemullah; Shahid Farooq. 2016. "The evaluation of sequentially extracted mercury fractions in Thar coal samples by using different extraction schemes." International Journal of Coal Geology 156, no. : 50-58.
Common ragweed invasion poses serious risks to human health, biodiversity and agricultural production throughout the world. Although ragweed has an enormous potential to expand its range in Turkey, studies on ragweed have only concentrated on the Black Sea region. An exploratory survey was conducted to observe the level of ragweed occurrence on the nodes of predecided 10 × 10 km grids in the Thrace region of Turkey. Ragweed populations were observed in 44 out of 129 sites in a wide range of habitats, including roadsides, pastures, agricultural fields and non-agricultural areas. The highest levels of ragweed infestation were recorded in the agricultural fields, followed by the roadsides. The most-invaded crop was sunflower. The sunflower fields had the highest ragweed coverage as well and invasion even resulted in crop failure alongside the field borders. A spatial analysis of the data indicated that ragweed exhibited an aggregated pattern over the Thrace region. Ragweed distribution was not associated with the characteristics of the soils, which had a varying range of pH, electrical conductivity and texture. The results revealed that ragweed invasion can arise as a serious weed problem, interfering with the sustainability of sunflower production in Thrace and other sunflower-producing regions of the country. A high degree of ragweed infestation also will contribute to the pollen level counts for the most crowded cities in the region, posing a serious danger to human health.
Cumali Özaslan; Huseyin Onen; Shahid Farooq; Hikmet Gunal; Nihat Akyol. Common ragweed: An emerging threat for sunflower production and human health in Turkey. Weed Biology and Management 2016, 16, 42 -55.
AMA StyleCumali Özaslan, Huseyin Onen, Shahid Farooq, Hikmet Gunal, Nihat Akyol. Common ragweed: An emerging threat for sunflower production and human health in Turkey. Weed Biology and Management. 2016; 16 (1):42-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCumali Özaslan; Huseyin Onen; Shahid Farooq; Hikmet Gunal; Nihat Akyol. 2016. "Common ragweed: An emerging threat for sunflower production and human health in Turkey." Weed Biology and Management 16, no. 1: 42-55.
Muhammad Bismillah Khan; Mubshar Hussain; Abid Raza; Shahid Farooq; Khawar Jabran. Seed priming with CaCl2 and ridge planting for improved drought resistance in maize. TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 2015, 39, 193 -203.
AMA StyleMuhammad Bismillah Khan, Mubshar Hussain, Abid Raza, Shahid Farooq, Khawar Jabran. Seed priming with CaCl2 and ridge planting for improved drought resistance in maize. TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY. 2015; 39 ():193-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Bismillah Khan; Mubshar Hussain; Abid Raza; Shahid Farooq; Khawar Jabran. 2015. "Seed priming with CaCl2 and ridge planting for improved drought resistance in maize." TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY 39, no. : 193-203.