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Prof. Jaehwan Kim
Inha University (Department of Mechanical Engineering)

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Piezoelectrics
0 Sensors
0 Smart Materials
0 soft actuators
0 Nanocellulose

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Sensors
Smart Materials
Piezoelectrics
soft actuators
Nanocellulose
Electroactive Polymers

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Short Biography

Dr. Jaehwan Kim is an Inha Fellow Professor at Inha University. He earned his Ph.D. degree from Penn State University, USA. Dr. Kim is a fellow of the Korean Academy of Science and Technology, the National Academy of Engineering of Korea, and the Institute of Physics. He is the director of the Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, sponsored by the National Research Foundation of Korea since 2003. He first discovered cellulose as a smart material, which can be used for sensors, actuators, and electronic materials. His research interests are smart materials and devices, including electroactive polymers, power harvesting, soft actuators, biosensors, flexible electronics, nanocellulose multifunctional composites, smart optics, space materials, and smart food packaging.

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Journal article
Published: 22 July 2021 in Crystals
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Nanocellulose (NC) has been spotlighted as a new building block of future materials since it has many advantages, such as being lightweight and environment-friendly and having high mechanical properties and heat resistance. However, the use of NC requires an upscale manufacturing process to maintain its advantageous properties. Herein, the process of assembling NC into a macro-scale bulk material was developed through a combination of steam treatment and hot press molding. The steam treatment was applied to an NC paste to energize the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose, followed by two stages of hot press molding, which helped in the self-assembly of NC without adhesives. Cellulose nanocrystals were used as the NC, and circular disk shape specimens were prepared. The mechanical properties of the prepared bulk material were higher than typical engineering plastics. In addition, an end mill machining test of the NC bulk material showed its machinability. This paper showed the processing feasibility of NC bulk material, which can substitute plastics.

ACS Style

Jung-Woong Kim; Hyun-Chan Kim; Lindong Zhai; Dickens Agumba; Jaehwan Kim. Nanocellulose Bulk Material Prepared by Steam Treatment and Hot Press Molding: Material Processing and Machining Test. Crystals 2021, 11, 853 .

AMA Style

Jung-Woong Kim, Hyun-Chan Kim, Lindong Zhai, Dickens Agumba, Jaehwan Kim. Nanocellulose Bulk Material Prepared by Steam Treatment and Hot Press Molding: Material Processing and Machining Test. Crystals. 2021; 11 (8):853.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jung-Woong Kim; Hyun-Chan Kim; Lindong Zhai; Dickens Agumba; Jaehwan Kim. 2021. "Nanocellulose Bulk Material Prepared by Steam Treatment and Hot Press Molding: Material Processing and Machining Test." Crystals 11, no. 8: 853.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Human-made natural-fiber-based filaments are attractive for natural fiber-reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites. However, the composites' moisture distribution is critical, and humidity monitoring in the NFRP composites is essential to secure stability and keep their life span. In this research, high strength and humidity sensing filament was developed by blending cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and graphene oxide (GO), wet-spinning, coagulating, and drying, which can overcome the heterogeneous mechanical properties between embedded-type humidity sensors and NFRP composites. The stabilized synthesis process of the CNF-GO hybrid filament demonstrated the maximum Young's modulus of 23.9 GPa and the maximum tensile strength of 439.4 MPa. Furthermore, the achieved properties were successfully transferred to a continuous fabrication process with an additional stretching process. Furthermore, its humidity sensing behavior is shown by resistivity changes in various temperature and humidity levels. Therefore, this hybrid filament has excellent potential for in-situ humidity monitoring by embedding in smart wearable devices, natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites, and environmental sensing devices.

ACS Style

Hyun Chan Kim; Pooja S. Panicker; Debora Kim; Samia Adil; Jaehwan Kim. High-strength cellulose nanofiber/graphene oxide hybrid filament made by continuous processing and its humidity monitoring. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Hyun Chan Kim, Pooja S. Panicker, Debora Kim, Samia Adil, Jaehwan Kim. High-strength cellulose nanofiber/graphene oxide hybrid filament made by continuous processing and its humidity monitoring. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyun Chan Kim; Pooja S. Panicker; Debora Kim; Samia Adil; Jaehwan Kim. 2021. "High-strength cellulose nanofiber/graphene oxide hybrid filament made by continuous processing and its humidity monitoring." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-12.

Erratum
Published: 30 May 2021 in Journal of Nuclear Materials
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ACS Style

Jae-Hwan Kim; Masaru Nakamichi. Corrigendum to “Fabrication and characterization of crushed titanium-beryllium intermetallic compounds” [Journal of Nuclear Materials 498 (2018) 249-253]. Journal of Nuclear Materials 2021, 553, 153093 .

AMA Style

Jae-Hwan Kim, Masaru Nakamichi. Corrigendum to “Fabrication and characterization of crushed titanium-beryllium intermetallic compounds” [Journal of Nuclear Materials 498 (2018) 249-253]. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2021; 553 ():153093.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jae-Hwan Kim; Masaru Nakamichi. 2021. "Corrigendum to “Fabrication and characterization of crushed titanium-beryllium intermetallic compounds” [Journal of Nuclear Materials 498 (2018) 249-253]." Journal of Nuclear Materials 553, no. : 153093.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2021 in Nanomaterials
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This paper reports a genuine environment-friendly hybrid nanocomposite made by growing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods on cellulose nanofiber (CNF) film. The nanocomposite preparation, characterizations, electromechanical property, and ultraviolet (UV) sensing performance are explained. CNF was extracted from the pulp by combining the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) oxidation and the aqueous counter collision (ACC) methods. The CNF film was fabricated using doctor blade casting, and ZnO nanorods were grown on the CNF film by seeding and by a hydrothermal method. Morphologies, optical transparency, mechanical and electromechanical properties, and UV sensing properties were examined. The nanocomposite’s optical transparency was more than 80%, and the piezoelectric charge constant d31 was 200 times larger than the CNF film. The UV sensing performance of the prepared ZnO-CNF nanocomposites was tested in terms of ZnO concentration, UV irradiance intensity, exposure side, and electrode materials. A large aspect ratio of ZnO nanorods and a work function gap between ZnO nanorods and the electrode material are essential for improving the UV sensing performance. However, these conditions should be compromised with transparency. The use of CNF for ZnO-cellulose hybrid nanocomposite is beneficial not only for electromechanical and UV sensing properties but also for high mechanical properties, renewability, biocompatibility, flexibility, non-toxicity, and transparency.

ACS Style

Lindong Zhai; Hyun-Chan Kim; Ruth Muthoka; Muhammad Latif; Hussein Alrobei; Rizwan Malik; Jaehwan Kim. Environment-Friendly Zinc Oxide Nanorods-Grown Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposite and Its Electromechanical and UV Sensing Behaviors. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1419 .

AMA Style

Lindong Zhai, Hyun-Chan Kim, Ruth Muthoka, Muhammad Latif, Hussein Alrobei, Rizwan Malik, Jaehwan Kim. Environment-Friendly Zinc Oxide Nanorods-Grown Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposite and Its Electromechanical and UV Sensing Behaviors. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (6):1419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lindong Zhai; Hyun-Chan Kim; Ruth Muthoka; Muhammad Latif; Hussein Alrobei; Rizwan Malik; Jaehwan Kim. 2021. "Environment-Friendly Zinc Oxide Nanorods-Grown Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposite and Its Electromechanical and UV Sensing Behaviors." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6: 1419.

Regular paper
Published: 17 May 2021 in International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology
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Conventionally, the photon sieve (PS) was made of chrome-coated fused silica and quartz plates. However, fused silica and quartz plates have a size limitation due to their weight and fragility. A membrane PS is attractive since it is lightweight, large size, flexibility and deployable. This paper demonstrates the new concept of membrane PS based on cellulose nanofiber (CNF). The CNF-based PS (CNF-PS) is transparent, flexible, lightweight, and has high strength and toughness. This study highlights the PS fabrication on a CNF film using a micro-nano structure molding technique and its structural stability in an external environmental change. For the first time in literature, through a high vacuum (5 × 10–8 Torr) environment test, it was shown that CNF has emerged as a promising optical material. Furthermore, the prepared CNF-PS exhibited high beam quality. This study explained the complete research strategy from the isolation of cellulose nanofibers to its PS application. The new concept of CNF-PS will accelerate its broad application to thin and compact photonic devices.

ACS Style

Hyun Chan Kim; Lindong Zhai; Pooja S. Panicker; David MacDonnell; Jaehwan Kim. Transparent and Flexible Photon Sieve Made with Cellulose Nanofiber by Micro-Nano Structure Molding. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Hyun Chan Kim, Lindong Zhai, Pooja S. Panicker, David MacDonnell, Jaehwan Kim. Transparent and Flexible Photon Sieve Made with Cellulose Nanofiber by Micro-Nano Structure Molding. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyun Chan Kim; Lindong Zhai; Pooja S. Panicker; David MacDonnell; Jaehwan Kim. 2021. "Transparent and Flexible Photon Sieve Made with Cellulose Nanofiber by Micro-Nano Structure Molding." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology , no. : 1-11.

Review
Published: 05 April 2021 in Polymers
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By increasing the environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources, bio-based resins have gained interest. Recently, lignin, vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), and divanillin (6,6′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxybiphenyl-3,3′-dicarbaldehyde)-based resins have attracted attention due to the low cost, environmental benefits, good thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, and suitability for high-performance natural fiber composite applications. This review highlights the recent use of lignin, vanillin, and divanillin-based resins with natural fiber composites and their synthesized processes. Finally, discussions are made on the curing kinetics, mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and bio-based resins’ adhesion property.

ACS Style

Bijender Kumar; Dickens Agumba; Duc Pham; Muhammad Latif; Dinesh; Hyun Kim; Hussein Alrobei; Jaehwan Kim. Recent Research Progress on Lignin-Derived Resins for Natural Fiber Composite Applications. Polymers 2021, 13, 1162 .

AMA Style

Bijender Kumar, Dickens Agumba, Duc Pham, Muhammad Latif, Dinesh, Hyun Kim, Hussein Alrobei, Jaehwan Kim. Recent Research Progress on Lignin-Derived Resins for Natural Fiber Composite Applications. Polymers. 2021; 13 (7):1162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bijender Kumar; Dickens Agumba; Duc Pham; Muhammad Latif; Dinesh; Hyun Kim; Hussein Alrobei; Jaehwan Kim. 2021. "Recent Research Progress on Lignin-Derived Resins for Natural Fiber Composite Applications." Polymers 13, no. 7: 1162.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2021 in Composites Science and Technology
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This paper reports an aligned cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite that exhibits flexibility, transparency, and improved mechanical and piezoelectric properties. The aligned CNF composite was made by electrospinning CNF-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend, followed by casting CNF suspension. The CNF-PVA blend was electrospun to form a CNF-PVA fiber mat, and an optimum CNF-PVA ratio and the spinning parameters were determined by examining CNF alignment. Then, the electrospun CNF-PVA mat was coated with CNF suspension to fabricate the aligned CNF composite. The aligned CNF composite was transparent (85.3%) and had a higher orientation index (α = 0.54) than a neat CNF film. Besides, the composite showed improved mechanical properties. In consequence of CNF alignment, the piezoelectric charge constant, d31 of the composite was 14.5 pC/N, which was more than double of the neat CNF film. With this piezoelectric behavior, the composite was applied to a vibration energy harvester (VEH), and it showed an output power of 5.43 nW. All about the piezoelectric and mechanical property improvement were explained in this paper. The aligned CNF composite is flexible, lightweight, environment-friendly, and low-cost.

ACS Style

Eun Sik Choi; Hyun Chan Kim; Ruth M. Muthoka; Pooja S. Panicker; Dickens O. Agumba; Jaehwan Kim. Aligned cellulose nanofiber composite made with electrospinning of cellulose nanofiber - Polyvinyl alcohol and its vibration energy harvesting. Composites Science and Technology 2021, 209, 108795 .

AMA Style

Eun Sik Choi, Hyun Chan Kim, Ruth M. Muthoka, Pooja S. Panicker, Dickens O. Agumba, Jaehwan Kim. Aligned cellulose nanofiber composite made with electrospinning of cellulose nanofiber - Polyvinyl alcohol and its vibration energy harvesting. Composites Science and Technology. 2021; 209 ():108795.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eun Sik Choi; Hyun Chan Kim; Ruth M. Muthoka; Pooja S. Panicker; Dickens O. Agumba; Jaehwan Kim. 2021. "Aligned cellulose nanofiber composite made with electrospinning of cellulose nanofiber - Polyvinyl alcohol and its vibration energy harvesting." Composites Science and Technology 209, no. : 108795.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Carbohydrate Polymers
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Transparent-wood (TW) is an emerging research topic that can be applied to biobased products. However, it is necessary to fill pores in TW with natural substances to prepare all-biobased TW. This paper reports an all-biobased TW by infiltrating cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and chitosan (CTS) suspensions into the bleached wood. CNF was isolated by combining the chemical and physical methods, and CTS was dissolved in acetic acid, and they were infiltrated into the pores of the bleached Fir veneer wood using a vacuum jar. The CNF and chitosan effects on the mechanical properties of the TW were studied, and the morphologies, crystallinity index, water contact angle, antioxidant, thermal degradation, and UV-shielding properties were investigated. The prepared TW showed 80 % total transmittance and 30–60 % haze, suitable for solar cell application. The all-biobased TW showed good thermal stability up to 315 °C and excellent UV shielding property for UV-B and UV-C. The antioxidant property of the CTS-TW significantly increased as compared to the original wood. The CNF-TW showed considerable tensile strength and yield strength of more than 200 % improved from the original wood. The potential for environment-friendly packaging applications was demonstrated by making a bag, medicine packaging, and straw for a drink.

ACS Style

Le Van Hai; Ruth M. Muthoka; Pooja S. Panicker; Dickens O. Agumba; Hoa D. Pham; Jaehwan Kim. All-biobased transparent-wood: A new approach and its environmental-friendly packaging application. Carbohydrate Polymers 2021, 264, 118012 .

AMA Style

Le Van Hai, Ruth M. Muthoka, Pooja S. Panicker, Dickens O. Agumba, Hoa D. Pham, Jaehwan Kim. All-biobased transparent-wood: A new approach and its environmental-friendly packaging application. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2021; 264 ():118012.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Le Van Hai; Ruth M. Muthoka; Pooja S. Panicker; Dickens O. Agumba; Hoa D. Pham; Jaehwan Kim. 2021. "All-biobased transparent-wood: A new approach and its environmental-friendly packaging application." Carbohydrate Polymers 264, no. : 118012.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Here, we report the fabrication and characterization of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-based nanocomposite films reinforced with zinc oxide nanorods (ZnOs) and grapefruit seed extract (GSE). The CNF is isolated via a combination of chemical and physical methods, and the ZnO is prepared using a simple precipitation method. The ZnO and GSE are used as functional nanofillers to produce a CNF/ZnO/GSE film. Physical (morphology, chemical interactions, optical, mechanical, thermal stability, etc.) and functional (antimicrobial and antioxidant activities) film properties are tested. The incorporation of ZnO and GSE does not impact the crystalline structure, mechanical properties, or thermal stability of the CNF film. Nanocomposite films are highly transparent with improved ultraviolet blocking and vapor barrier properties. Moreover, the films exhibit effective antimicrobial and antioxidant actions. CNF/ZnO/GSE nanocomposite films with better quality and superior functional properties have many possibilities for active food packaging use.

ACS Style

Swarup Roy; Hyun Kim; Pooja Panicker; Jong-Whan Rhim; Jaehwan Kim. Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Zinc Oxide Nanorods and Grapefruit Seed Extract. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 877 .

AMA Style

Swarup Roy, Hyun Kim, Pooja Panicker, Jong-Whan Rhim, Jaehwan Kim. Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Zinc Oxide Nanorods and Grapefruit Seed Extract. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (4):877.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Swarup Roy; Hyun Kim; Pooja Panicker; Jong-Whan Rhim; Jaehwan Kim. 2021. "Cellulose Nanofiber-Based Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Zinc Oxide Nanorods and Grapefruit Seed Extract." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4: 877.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2021 in Journal of Nuclear Materials
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Beryllium intermetallic compounds (beryllides) such as Be12Ti and Be12V are the most promising advanced neutron multipliers in demonstration (DEMO) power reactors because of their low swelling and high stability at high temperatures. In this work, beryllides pebbles with binary and ternary compositions were successfully fabricated by combining plasma sintering and rotating electrode methods. After 3 keV D2+ ions were implanted to the beryllides pebbles, the deuterium desorption and retention properties were investigated by thermal desorption spectroscopy to investigate hydrogen desorption and retention of these materials for fusion application. The desorption properties and retention of hydrogen isotopes (deuterium) using the newly developed beryllide pebbles indicated that the beryllide pebbles exhibited better deuterium desorption properties, such as lower starting-up temperature, total retention, and activation energy for deuterium desorption than beryllium.

ACS Style

Jae-Hwan Kim; Taehyun Hwang; Suguru Nakano; Mitsutaka Miyamoto; Hirotomo Iwakiri; Masaru Nakamichi. Deuterium desorption and retention of Beryllium intermetallic compounds for fusion applications. Journal of Nuclear Materials 2021, 550, 152936 .

AMA Style

Jae-Hwan Kim, Taehyun Hwang, Suguru Nakano, Mitsutaka Miyamoto, Hirotomo Iwakiri, Masaru Nakamichi. Deuterium desorption and retention of Beryllium intermetallic compounds for fusion applications. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2021; 550 ():152936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jae-Hwan Kim; Taehyun Hwang; Suguru Nakano; Mitsutaka Miyamoto; Hirotomo Iwakiri; Masaru Nakamichi. 2021. "Deuterium desorption and retention of Beryllium intermetallic compounds for fusion applications." Journal of Nuclear Materials 550, no. : 152936.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2021 in Smart Materials and Structures
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ACS Style

Ruth M Muthoka; Sunanda Roy; Hyun Chan Kim; Hargsoon Yoon; Lindong Zhai; Jaehwan Kim. Polydopamine–cellulose nanofiber composite for flexible electrode material. Smart Materials and Structures 2021, 30, 035025 .

AMA Style

Ruth M Muthoka, Sunanda Roy, Hyun Chan Kim, Hargsoon Yoon, Lindong Zhai, Jaehwan Kim. Polydopamine–cellulose nanofiber composite for flexible electrode material. Smart Materials and Structures. 2021; 30 (3):035025.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruth M Muthoka; Sunanda Roy; Hyun Chan Kim; Hargsoon Yoon; Lindong Zhai; Jaehwan Kim. 2021. "Polydopamine–cellulose nanofiber composite for flexible electrode material." Smart Materials and Structures 30, no. 3: 035025.

Original research article
Published: 28 January 2021 in Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
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A tunable optical lens can tune or reconfigure the lens material itself such that it can eliminate the moving part of the lens, which brings broad technological impacts. Many tunable optical lenses have been implemented using electroactive polymers that can change the shape of the lens. However, the refractive index (RI) change of electroactive polymers has not been well investigated. This paper investigated the RI change of CNC-based transparent and electroactive polyurethane (CPPU) in the presence of an actuating electric field. The prepared CPPU was electrically poled to enhance its electro-optical performance, and the poling conditions in terms of frequency and electric field were optimized. The poled CPPU was characterized using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a refractometer. To investigate the RI change in the presence of an actuating electric field, the poled CPPU was constrained between two electrodes with a fixed distance. The RI linearly increased as the actuating electric field increased. The RI change mechanism and the optimized poling conditions are illustrated. The tunable RI is a promising property for implementing a tunable optical lens.

ACS Style

Jaehwan Kim; Hyun-U Ko; Hyun Chan Kim. Refractive Index Change of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Electroactive Polyurethane by an Electric Field. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 2021, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Jaehwan Kim, Hyun-U Ko, Hyun Chan Kim. Refractive Index Change of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Electroactive Polyurethane by an Electric Field. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2021; 9 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaehwan Kim; Hyun-U Ko; Hyun Chan Kim. 2021. "Refractive Index Change of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Electroactive Polyurethane by an Electric Field." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 9, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2021 in Polymers
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A chitosan-based nanocomposite film with tannic acid (TA) as a cross-linker and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) as a reinforcing agent was developed with a solution casting technique. TA and TiO2 are biocompatible with chitosan, and this paper studied the synergistic effect of the cross-linker and the reinforcing agent. The addition of TA enhanced the ultraviolet blocking and mechanical properties of the chitosan-based nanocomposite film. The reinforcement of TiO2 in chitosan/TA further improved the nanocomposite film’s mechanical properties compared to the neat chitosan or chitosan/TA film. The thermal stability of the chitosan-based nanocomposite film was slightly enhanced, whereas the swelling ratio decreased. Interestingly, its water vapor barrier property was also significantly increased. The developed chitosan-based nanocomposite film showed potent antioxidant activity, and it is promising for active food packaging.

ACS Style

Swarup Roy; Lindong Zhai; Hyun Chan Kim; Duc Hoa Pham; Hussein Alrobei; Jaehwan Kim. Tannic-Acid-Cross-Linked and TiO2-Nanoparticle-Reinforced Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Film. Polymers 2021, 13, 228 .

AMA Style

Swarup Roy, Lindong Zhai, Hyun Chan Kim, Duc Hoa Pham, Hussein Alrobei, Jaehwan Kim. Tannic-Acid-Cross-Linked and TiO2-Nanoparticle-Reinforced Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Film. Polymers. 2021; 13 (2):228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Swarup Roy; Lindong Zhai; Hyun Chan Kim; Duc Hoa Pham; Hussein Alrobei; Jaehwan Kim. 2021. "Tannic-Acid-Cross-Linked and TiO2-Nanoparticle-Reinforced Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Film." Polymers 13, no. 2: 228.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2020 in Nanomaterials
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In this research work effect of embedment of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) have been investigated. The MWCNTs were embedded in urea formaldehyde resin (UF) at 0, 1.5%, 3% and 5% concentrations by weight for the manufacturing of nano-MDF. The addition of these nanoparticles enhanced thermal conductivity by 24.2% reduced curing time by 20% and controlled formaldehyde emission by 59.4%. The internal bonding (I.B), modulus elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), thickness swelling (Ts) and water absorption (WA) properties were improved significantly by 21.15%, 30.2%, 28.3%, 44.8% and 29% respectively as compared to controlled MDF.

ACS Style

Waheed Gul; Hussein Alrobei; Syed Riaz Akbar Shah; Afzal Khan; Abid Hussain; Abdullah M. Asiri; Jaehwan Kim. Effect of Embedment of MWCNTs for Enhancement of Physical and Mechanical Performance of Medium Density Fiberboard. Nanomaterials 2020, 11, 29 .

AMA Style

Waheed Gul, Hussein Alrobei, Syed Riaz Akbar Shah, Afzal Khan, Abid Hussain, Abdullah M. Asiri, Jaehwan Kim. Effect of Embedment of MWCNTs for Enhancement of Physical and Mechanical Performance of Medium Density Fiberboard. Nanomaterials. 2020; 11 (1):29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waheed Gul; Hussein Alrobei; Syed Riaz Akbar Shah; Afzal Khan; Abid Hussain; Abdullah M. Asiri; Jaehwan Kim. 2020. "Effect of Embedment of MWCNTs for Enhancement of Physical and Mechanical Performance of Medium Density Fiberboard." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1: 29.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2020 in Gels
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Novel sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-g-poly (sodium acrylate)/Ferric chloride (CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3) nanoporous hydrogel beads were prepared based on the ionic cross-linking between CMC-g-PNaA and FeCl3. The structure of CMC and CMC-g-PNaA were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the elemental composition was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The physicochemical properties of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling percentage of hydrogel beads was studied at different time periods. The obtained CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads exhibited a higher nanoporous morphology than those of CMC-g-PNaA and CMC beads. Furthermore, an AFM image of the CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 beads shows granule type topology. Compared to the CMC-g-PNaA (189 °C), CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads exhibited improvement in thermal stability (199 °C). Furthermore, CMC-g-PNaA/FeCl3 hydrogel beads depicted a higher swelling percentage capacity of around 1452%, as compared to CMC-g-PNaA (1096%). Moreover, this strategy with preliminary results could be useful for the development of polysaccharide-based hybrid hydrogel beads for various potential applications.

ACS Style

Bijender Kumar; Ruchir Priyadarshi; Sauraj; Farha Deeba; Anurag Kulshreshtha; Kirtiraj K. Gaikwad; Jaehwan Kim; Anuj Kumar; Yuvraj Singh Negi. Nanoporous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-g-poly (Sodium Acrylate)/FeCl3 Hydrogel Beads: Synthesis and Characterization. Gels 2020, 6, 49 .

AMA Style

Bijender Kumar, Ruchir Priyadarshi, Sauraj, Farha Deeba, Anurag Kulshreshtha, Kirtiraj K. Gaikwad, Jaehwan Kim, Anuj Kumar, Yuvraj Singh Negi. Nanoporous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-g-poly (Sodium Acrylate)/FeCl3 Hydrogel Beads: Synthesis and Characterization. Gels. 2020; 6 (4):49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bijender Kumar; Ruchir Priyadarshi; Sauraj; Farha Deeba; Anurag Kulshreshtha; Kirtiraj K. Gaikwad; Jaehwan Kim; Anuj Kumar; Yuvraj Singh Negi. 2020. "Nanoporous Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose-g-poly (Sodium Acrylate)/FeCl3 Hydrogel Beads: Synthesis and Characterization." Gels 6, no. 4: 49.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Fusion Engineering and Design
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Beryllium intermetallic compounds (beryllides) are known as promising materials for advanced neutron multipliers for fusion applications owing to their high stability and low swelling. Because a large amount of beryllium is used for each solid breeding blanket in fusion reactors, the development of effective and efficient recycling processes is essential. In this study, a proper recycling process of Be12V pebbles was proposed, which combines a plasma sintering and a rotating electrode method for the fabrication of beryllide pebbles. As a result of experiments, it is determined that the rotating electrode method is available to reduce oxygen impurities, whereas the plasma sintering process can eliminate Li impurities and hydrogen isotope depending on sintering temperature. Regarding the recycling process, the beryllide pebbles used can be recycled into rods by plasma sintering, in which Li impurity and tritium can be eliminated. Then, recycled rods can be granulated by the rotating electrode method. During this process, it is anticipated that oxygen impurities and irradiation defects can be eliminated because the rotating electrode method includes the melting process. Thus, the current process was determined to be appropriate as a recycling process for beryllide pebbles.

ACS Style

Jae-Hwan Kim; Suguru Nakano; Mitsutaka Miyamoto; Masaru Nakamichi. A recycling process on vanadium beryllium intermetallic compounds as advanced neutron multipliers for DEMO fusion applications. Fusion Engineering and Design 2020, 162, 112124 .

AMA Style

Jae-Hwan Kim, Suguru Nakano, Mitsutaka Miyamoto, Masaru Nakamichi. A recycling process on vanadium beryllium intermetallic compounds as advanced neutron multipliers for DEMO fusion applications. Fusion Engineering and Design. 2020; 162 ():112124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jae-Hwan Kim; Suguru Nakano; Mitsutaka Miyamoto; Masaru Nakamichi. 2020. "A recycling process on vanadium beryllium intermetallic compounds as advanced neutron multipliers for DEMO fusion applications." Fusion Engineering and Design 162, no. : 112124.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2020 in Crystals
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In this research, a facile and cost-effective method of graphene synthesis by the modified carburization process and its applications for supercapacitor electrodes is reported. In this simple approach, carbon was diffused into nickel foam and naturally cooled to obtain carbon precipitation for the in situ growth of graphene by decarburization. Phase-structure and surface-morphology analysis revealed the presence of a highly reduced structure of the graphene layer. Furthermore, the large-intensity D, substantial G, and 2D bands in Raman spectra were attributed to disordered multilayer graphene. The three-electrode systems were used to measure electrochemical efficiency. The electrode sample exhibited enhanced current density of 0.6 A/g, electrode energy of 1.0008 Wh/kg, and power density of 180 W/kg, showing significant electrochemical performance for supercapacitor electrode applications.

ACS Style

Noor Zaman; Rizwan Ahmed Malik; Hussein Alrobei; Jaehwan Kim; Muhammad Latif; Azhar Hussain; Adnan Maqbool; Ramzan Abdul Karim; Mohsin Saleem; Muhammad Asif Rafiq; Zaheer Abbas. Structural and Electrochemical Analysis of Decarburized Graphene Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications. Crystals 2020, 10, 1043 .

AMA Style

Noor Zaman, Rizwan Ahmed Malik, Hussein Alrobei, Jaehwan Kim, Muhammad Latif, Azhar Hussain, Adnan Maqbool, Ramzan Abdul Karim, Mohsin Saleem, Muhammad Asif Rafiq, Zaheer Abbas. Structural and Electrochemical Analysis of Decarburized Graphene Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications. Crystals. 2020; 10 (11):1043.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noor Zaman; Rizwan Ahmed Malik; Hussein Alrobei; Jaehwan Kim; Muhammad Latif; Azhar Hussain; Adnan Maqbool; Ramzan Abdul Karim; Mohsin Saleem; Muhammad Asif Rafiq; Zaheer Abbas. 2020. "Structural and Electrochemical Analysis of Decarburized Graphene Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications." Crystals 10, no. 11: 1043.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2020 in Crystals
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In the present investigation, we prepared cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol-cellulose (PVA-Cell) physical hydrogels using a simple blending method for actuator application. The prepared hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the surface and cross-section were studied by scanning electron microscopy. CNCs were well dispersed in the PVA-Cell hydrogel. In the preparation process, surface hydroxyl groups of the CNC and PVA-Cell matrix hydroxyl groups were interacted to produce uniform dispersion of CNCs in the hydrogels. Swelling behavior and compression studies revealed that the increase of the CNCs reinforced the crosslinking. The actuation test of the prepared hydrogels showed that the displacement linearly increased with the voltage, and the immense output displacement was observed at low CNC concentration. The prepared hydrogels are applicable for soft robot actuators and active lens.

ACS Style

Jaehwan Kim; Tippabattini Jayaramudu; Lindong Zhai; Hyun Kim; Dickens Agumba. Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Physical Hydrogels for Actuator Application. Crystals 2020, 10, 969 .

AMA Style

Jaehwan Kim, Tippabattini Jayaramudu, Lindong Zhai, Hyun Kim, Dickens Agumba. Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Physical Hydrogels for Actuator Application. Crystals. 2020; 10 (11):969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaehwan Kim; Tippabattini Jayaramudu; Lindong Zhai; Hyun Kim; Dickens Agumba. 2020. "Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Physical Hydrogels for Actuator Application." Crystals 10, no. 11: 969.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2020 in Nanomaterials
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This paper reports that, by simply blending two heterogeneous polysaccharide nanofibers, namely chitosan nanofiber (ChNF) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF), a ChNF–CNF composite was prepared, which exhibited improved mechanical properties and antioxidant activity. ChNF was isolated using the aqueous counter collision (ACC) method, while CNF was isolated using the combination of TEMPO oxidation and the ACC method, which resulted in smaller size of CNF than that of ChNF. The prepared composite was characterized in terms of morphologies, FT-IR, UV visible, thermal stability, mechanical properties, hygroscopic behaviors, and antioxidant activity. The composite was flexible enough to be bent without cracking. Better UV-light protection was shown at higher content of ChNF in the composite. The high ChNF content showed the highest antioxidant activity in the composite. It is the first time that a simple combination of ChNF–CNF composites fabrication showed good mechanical properties and antioxidant activities. In this study, the reinforcement effect of the composite was addressed. The ChNF–CNF composite is promising for active food packaging application.

ACS Style

Le Hai; Lindong Zhai; Hyun Kim; Pooja Panicker; Duc Pham; Jaehwan Kim. Chitosan Nanofiber and Cellulose Nanofiber Blended Composite Applicable for Active Food Packaging. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1752 .

AMA Style

Le Hai, Lindong Zhai, Hyun Kim, Pooja Panicker, Duc Pham, Jaehwan Kim. Chitosan Nanofiber and Cellulose Nanofiber Blended Composite Applicable for Active Food Packaging. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (9):1752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Le Hai; Lindong Zhai; Hyun Kim; Pooja Panicker; Duc Pham; Jaehwan Kim. 2020. "Chitosan Nanofiber and Cellulose Nanofiber Blended Composite Applicable for Active Food Packaging." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9: 1752.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2020 in Scientific Reports
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Since cellulose nanofiber (CNF) has unique characteristics in terms of renewability, high specific elastic modulus and strength and transparency, it is attractive for a building block of future materials. CNF can be extracted from various natural resource by several means. However, the size of the extracted CNF is very broad and uniformity of the extracted CNF is very important for many applications. Thus, a fractionation process is necessary to obtain a uniformly sized CNF. In this paper, a simple centrifugal fractionation was carried out to reduce the size distribution of the extracted CNF suspension from hardwood pulp by the combination of TEMPO oxidation and aqueous counter collision methods. The original CNF suspension was diluted and centrifuged under low speed to remove cellulose microfibers then centrifuged under high speed to separate very small CNF. The centrifugation condition is 10 k rpm for 1 h followed by 45 k rpm for 4 h. The fractionated CNF was analyzed by an atomic force microscopy, and the length and width distribution histogram analysis was utilized. UV–visible analysis, FT-IR and XRD crystallinity analysis were carried out to analyze all fractionated CNFs and the original CNF. After centrifugal fractionation, the width and length distribution range were reduced by 62% and 70%, respectively. It is shown that the centrifugal fractionation is an easy and efficient method to fractionate a uniform CNF suspension.

ACS Style

Lindong Zhai; Hyun Chan Kim; Jung Woong Kim; Jaehwan Kim. Simple centrifugal fractionation to reduce the size distribution of cellulose nanofibers. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Lindong Zhai, Hyun Chan Kim, Jung Woong Kim, Jaehwan Kim. Simple centrifugal fractionation to reduce the size distribution of cellulose nanofibers. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lindong Zhai; Hyun Chan Kim; Jung Woong Kim; Jaehwan Kim. 2020. "Simple centrifugal fractionation to reduce the size distribution of cellulose nanofibers." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-8.