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Dr. RAMÓN BIENES
IMIDRA

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0 Erosion Control
0 Vineyard management practices
0 Olive groves
0 Cover crops
0 Soil Degradation

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Soil Degradation
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Erosion Control

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Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in Agronomy
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Long-term field trials are essential for monitoring the effects of sustainable land management strategies for adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The influence of more than thirty years of different management is analyzed on extensive crops under three tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT), and with two crop rotations, monoculture winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat-vetch (Triticum aestivum L.-Vicia sativa L.), widely present in the center of Spain. The soil under NT experienced the largest change in organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, macroaggregate stability, and bulk density. In the MT and NT treatments, SOC content was still increasing after 32 years, being 26.5 and 32.2 Mg ha−1, respectively, compared to 20.8 Mg ha−1 in CT. The SOC stratification (ratio of SOC at the topsoil/SOC at the layer underneath), an indicator of soil conservation, increased with decreasing tillage intensity (2.32, 1.36, and 1.01 for NT, MT, and CT respectively). Tillage intensity affected the majority of soil parameters, except the water stable aggregates, infiltration, and porosity. The NT treatment increased available water, but only in monocropping. More water was retained at the permanent wilting point in NT treatments, which can be a disadvantage in dry periods of these edaphoclimatic conditions.

ACS Style

Ramón Bienes; Maria Marques; Blanca Sastre; Andrés García-Díaz; Iris Esparza; Omar Antón; Luis Navarrete; José Hernánz; Víctor Sánchez-Girón; María Sánchez Del Arco; Remedios Alarcón. Tracking Changes on Soil Structure and Organic Carbon Sequestration after 30 Years of Different Tillage and Management Practices. Agronomy 2021, 11, 291 .

AMA Style

Ramón Bienes, Maria Marques, Blanca Sastre, Andrés García-Díaz, Iris Esparza, Omar Antón, Luis Navarrete, José Hernánz, Víctor Sánchez-Girón, María Sánchez Del Arco, Remedios Alarcón. Tracking Changes on Soil Structure and Organic Carbon Sequestration after 30 Years of Different Tillage and Management Practices. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):291.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramón Bienes; Maria Marques; Blanca Sastre; Andrés García-Díaz; Iris Esparza; Omar Antón; Luis Navarrete; José Hernánz; Víctor Sánchez-Girón; María Sánchez Del Arco; Remedios Alarcón. 2021. "Tracking Changes on Soil Structure and Organic Carbon Sequestration after 30 Years of Different Tillage and Management Practices." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 291.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in International Soil and Water Conservation Research
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Tillage practices on sloping ground often result in unsustainable soil losses impairing soil functions such as crop productivity, water and nutrients storage, and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. A sloping olive grove (10%) was planted in shallow gypsiferous soils in 2004. It was managed by minimum tillage; the most frequent management practice in central Spain. The consequences of erosion were studied in soil samples (at 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm depths) by analyzing SOC, available water and gypsum content, and by detecting spectral signatures using an ASD FieldSpecPro® VIS/NIR-spectroradiometer. The Brightness index (BI), Shape index (FI), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were derived from the ASD spectral signatures and from remote sensing (Sentinel-2 image) data. The development of these young olive trees was estimated from the measured diameter of the trunks (17 ± 18 cm diameter). In 20–30 cm of the soil, the carbon stock (38 ± 18 Mg ha−1) as well as the available water content (12 ± 6%) was scarce, affecting the productivity of the olive grove. The above-mentioned indices obtained from the laboratory samples and the pixels of the Sentinel-2 image were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated, with a correlation coefficient of around 0.4. The BI was related to the gypsum content and the slope of the plot. The FI was related to the carbon and water contents. The NDVI derived from the satellite image identified the influence of soil degradation on the trees and the carbon content. The spatial-temporal changes of the indices might help in tracking soil changes over time.

ACS Style

Maria Jose Marques; Ana Alvarez; Pilar Carral; Blanca Sastre; Ramón Bienes. The use of remote sensing to detect the consequences of erosion in gypsiferous soils. International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020, 8, 383 -392.

AMA Style

Maria Jose Marques, Ana Alvarez, Pilar Carral, Blanca Sastre, Ramón Bienes. The use of remote sensing to detect the consequences of erosion in gypsiferous soils. International Soil and Water Conservation Research. 2020; 8 (4):383-392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Jose Marques; Ana Alvarez; Pilar Carral; Blanca Sastre; Ramón Bienes. 2020. "The use of remote sensing to detect the consequences of erosion in gypsiferous soils." International Soil and Water Conservation Research 8, no. 4: 383-392.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2020 in Water
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Olive groves on the Mediterranean Basin are usually managed by continuous tillage and low organic matter inputs, leading to several soil degradation processes. Groundcovers (GCs) have come out as an alternative soil management strategy to improve soil’s fertility, soil’s organic matter quantity, and the sustainability of agro-ecosystems. Nevertheless, farmers are still unwilling to implement GCs or reduce tilling frequency while there are still some uncertainties and lack of global analyses. The purpose of this study was to perform an assessment of the effects of using GC on the soil parameters microbiological biomass, crop yield, and olive oil quality. A field trial was performed on a gypsiferous soil in central Spain with three different GCs: permanent GC of Brachypodium distachyon (BRA); permanent GC of spontaneous vegetation (SVE), and annual GC of Vicia ervilia (BIT) to be compared with conventional tillage (TIL). After three years, numbers of nematodes, fungi, and bacteria were higher on plant roots regardless of GC composition. BRA was the treatment with the biggest impact on soil and yield parameters. BRA increased soil organic carbon 1.03 Mg ha−1 yr−1 at 0–10 cm depth but reduced significantly olive yield because of nitrogen competition. The BIT treatment improved soil organic carbon stocks and soil structure, and did not reduce olive yield significantly regarding TIL. The BIT treatment was considered the best soil management strategy in semiarid conditions.

ACS Style

Blanca Sastre; Belén Álvarez; Omar Antón; Maria Ángeles Pérez; Maria Jose Marques; Ramón Bienes; Andrés García-Díaz. Groundcovers in Olive Groves in Semiarid Climates: Are They Always Beneficial? Water 2020, 12, 2230 .

AMA Style

Blanca Sastre, Belén Álvarez, Omar Antón, Maria Ángeles Pérez, Maria Jose Marques, Ramón Bienes, Andrés García-Díaz. Groundcovers in Olive Groves in Semiarid Climates: Are They Always Beneficial? Water. 2020; 12 (8):2230.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Blanca Sastre; Belén Álvarez; Omar Antón; Maria Ángeles Pérez; Maria Jose Marques; Ramón Bienes; Andrés García-Díaz. 2020. "Groundcovers in Olive Groves in Semiarid Climates: Are They Always Beneficial?" Water 12, no. 8: 2230.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2020 in Atmosphere
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Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterly flows that predominate during the warm period (spring and summer) and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the cyclonic situations present high frequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to the total rainfall, runoff, and sediment (showing the lowest efficiency) because of atmospheric stability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations.

ACS Style

D. Peña-Angulo; E. Nadal-Romero; J.C. González-Hidalgo; J. Albaladejo; V. Andreu; H. Bahri; S. Bernal; M. Biddoccu; R. Bienes; J. Campo; Miguel Ángel Campo-Bescós; A. Canatário-Duarte; Y. Cantón; J. Casali; V. Castillo; E. Cavallo; A. Cerdà; P. Cid; N. Cortesi; G. Desir; Elvira Diaz Pereira; T. Espigares; J. Estrany; J. Farguell; M. Fernández-Raga; C.S. Ferreira; V. Ferro; F. Gallart; R. Giménez; E. Gimeno; J.A. Gómez; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez; H. Gómez-Macpherson; O. González-Pelayo; O. Kairis; G.P. Karatzas; S. Keesstra; S. Klotz; C. Kosmas; N. Lana-Renault; T. Lasanta; J. Latron; R. Lázaro; Y. Le Bissonnais; C. Le Bouteiller; F. Licciardello; J.A. López-Tarazón; A. Lucía; V.M. Marín-Moreno; C. Marín; M.J. Marqués; J. Martínez-Fernández; M. Martínez-Mena; L. Mateos; N. Mathys; L. Merino-Martín; M. Moreno-De Las Heras; N. Moustakas; J.M. Nicolau; V. Pampalone; D. Raclot; M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco; J. Rodrigo-Comino; A. Romero-Díaz; Encarnación Taguas Ruiz; J.L. Rubio; S. Schnabel; J.M. Senciales-González; A. Solé-Benet; E.V. Taguas; M.T. Taboada-Castro; F. Todisco; X. Úbeda; E.A. Varouchakis; L. Wittenberg; A. Zabaleta; M. Zorn. Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 609 .

AMA Style

D. Peña-Angulo, E. Nadal-Romero, J.C. González-Hidalgo, J. Albaladejo, V. Andreu, H. Bahri, S. Bernal, M. Biddoccu, R. Bienes, J. Campo, Miguel Ángel Campo-Bescós, A. Canatário-Duarte, Y. Cantón, J. Casali, V. Castillo, E. Cavallo, A. Cerdà, P. Cid, N. Cortesi, G. Desir, Elvira Diaz Pereira, T. Espigares, J. Estrany, J. Farguell, M. Fernández-Raga, C.S. Ferreira, V. Ferro, F. Gallart, R. Giménez, E. Gimeno, J.A. Gómez, A. Gómez-Gutiérrez, H. Gómez-Macpherson, O. González-Pelayo, O. Kairis, G.P. Karatzas, S. Keesstra, S. Klotz, C. Kosmas, N. Lana-Renault, T. Lasanta, J. Latron, R. Lázaro, Y. Le Bissonnais, C. Le Bouteiller, F. Licciardello, J.A. López-Tarazón, A. Lucía, V.M. Marín-Moreno, C. Marín, M.J. Marqués, J. Martínez-Fernández, M. Martínez-Mena, L. Mateos, N. Mathys, L. Merino-Martín, M. Moreno-De Las Heras, N. Moustakas, J.M. Nicolau, V. Pampalone, D. Raclot, M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco, J. Rodrigo-Comino, A. Romero-Díaz, Encarnación Taguas Ruiz, J.L. Rubio, S. Schnabel, J.M. Senciales-González, A. Solé-Benet, E.V. Taguas, M.T. Taboada-Castro, F. Todisco, X. Úbeda, E.A. Varouchakis, L. Wittenberg, A. Zabaleta, M. Zorn. Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (6):609.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Peña-Angulo; E. Nadal-Romero; J.C. González-Hidalgo; J. Albaladejo; V. Andreu; H. Bahri; S. Bernal; M. Biddoccu; R. Bienes; J. Campo; Miguel Ángel Campo-Bescós; A. Canatário-Duarte; Y. Cantón; J. Casali; V. Castillo; E. Cavallo; A. Cerdà; P. Cid; N. Cortesi; G. Desir; Elvira Diaz Pereira; T. Espigares; J. Estrany; J. Farguell; M. Fernández-Raga; C.S. Ferreira; V. Ferro; F. Gallart; R. Giménez; E. Gimeno; J.A. Gómez; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez; H. Gómez-Macpherson; O. González-Pelayo; O. Kairis; G.P. Karatzas; S. Keesstra; S. Klotz; C. Kosmas; N. Lana-Renault; T. Lasanta; J. Latron; R. Lázaro; Y. Le Bissonnais; C. Le Bouteiller; F. Licciardello; J.A. López-Tarazón; A. Lucía; V.M. Marín-Moreno; C. Marín; M.J. Marqués; J. Martínez-Fernández; M. Martínez-Mena; L. Mateos; N. Mathys; L. Merino-Martín; M. Moreno-De Las Heras; N. Moustakas; J.M. Nicolau; V. Pampalone; D. Raclot; M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco; J. Rodrigo-Comino; A. Romero-Díaz; Encarnación Taguas Ruiz; J.L. Rubio; S. Schnabel; J.M. Senciales-González; A. Solé-Benet; E.V. Taguas; M.T. Taboada-Castro; F. Todisco; X. Úbeda; E.A. Varouchakis; L. Wittenberg; A. Zabaleta; M. Zorn. 2020. "Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin." Atmosphere 11, no. 6: 609.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2020 in Water
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Contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), gypsum, CaCO3, and quartz, among others, were analyzed and related to reflectance features in visible and near-infrared (VIS/NIR) range, using partial least square regression (PLSR) in ParLes software. Soil samples come from a sloping olive grove managed by frequent tillage in a gypsiferous area of Central Spain. Samples were collected in three different layers, at 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm depth (IPCC guidelines for Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme in 2006). Analyses were performed by C Loss-On-Ignition, X-ray diffraction and water content by the Richards plates method. Significant differences for SOC, gypsum, and CaCO3 were found between layers; similarly, soil reflectance for 30 cm depth layers was higher. The resulting PLSR models (60 samples for calibration and 30 independent samples for validation) yielded good predictions for SOC (R2 = 0.74), moderate prediction ability for gypsum and were not accurate for the rest of rest of soil components. Importantly, SOC content was related to water available capacity. Soils with high reflectance features held c.a. 40% less water than soils with less reflectance. Therefore, higher reflectance can be related to degradation in gypsiferous soil. The starting point of soil degradation and further evolution could be established and mapped through remote sensing techniques for policy decision making.

ACS Style

Maria Jose Marques; Ana María Álvarez; Pilar Carral; Iris Esparza; Blanca Sastre; Ramón Bienes. Estimating Soil Organic Carbon in Agricultural Gypsiferous Soils by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Water 2020, 12, 261 .

AMA Style

Maria Jose Marques, Ana María Álvarez, Pilar Carral, Iris Esparza, Blanca Sastre, Ramón Bienes. Estimating Soil Organic Carbon in Agricultural Gypsiferous Soils by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Water. 2020; 12 (1):261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Jose Marques; Ana María Álvarez; Pilar Carral; Iris Esparza; Blanca Sastre; Ramón Bienes. 2020. "Estimating Soil Organic Carbon in Agricultural Gypsiferous Soils by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy." Water 12, no. 1: 261.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Air, Soil and Water Research
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The study of alternative soil managements to tillage, based on the evidence of climate change in the Mediterranean basin, is of great importance. Summer and autumn are critical seasons for soil degradation due to the high-intensity, short-duration storms. Vineyards are vulnerable, especially on steep slopes. The particular effects of storms over the years under different soil conditions due to different management practices are not frequently addressed in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the differences between runoff and soil moisture patterns influenced by 2 treatments: traditional tillage (Till) and a permanent cover crop. A shallow-rooted grass species Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv. with considerable density coverage was selected as cover crop. This annual species was seeded once in the first year and then allowed to self-seed the following years. Tillage was performed at least twice in spring to a 10- to 15-cm depth and once in late autumn at a depth of 20 to 35 cm. Rainfall simulation experiments were performed, 1 year after treatments, using high-intensity rainfall on closed plots of 2 m2, located in the middle strips of the vineyard with different treatments. The effects of simulated rainfall experiments were determined in 3 different moments of the growth cycle of cultivar: (1) in summer with dry soils, (2) in early autumn with moderate soil moisture, and (3) in autumn with wet soils. During the 2-year trial, the soil moisture level in the soil upper layer (0-10 cm) was higher for Till treatment (14.1% ± 2.4%) compared with that for cover crop treatment (12.3% ± 2.0%). However, soil moisture values were more similar between treatments at 35 cm depth (12% ± 1%), with the exception of spring and autumn; in spring, water consumption in the cover crop treatment was the highest, and the moisture level at 35 cm depth was reduced (12%) compared with that for Till treatment (13%). In autumn, in cover crop treatment, higher water infiltration rate in soils led to higher soil moisture content at 35 cm (11%) compared with that of Till treatment (10%). The effects of simulated rainfall experiments on runoff and infiltration under different soil conditions and management practices vary seasonally. Runoff was significantly higher in summer for cover crop treatment (11%) as compared with that for Till management (1%), but significantly lower (3%) with wetter soils than for Till treatment (22%) in autumn. Thus, the simulation experiments with wet soils using cover crops produced higher infiltration rates and, consequently, the higher soil moisture content in the following days. The difference between seasons is attributed to the greater porosity of soil under Till treatment in summer, which resulted from the shallow plowing (10-15 cm depth), carried out to reduce moisture competition between weeds. The effect of traditional spring plowing was short-lived. The infiltration of water increased by cover crop treatment as compared with tillage in autumn both before and after ripping. Management practices did not influence wine parameters, as no significant differences were found between wine organoleptic characteristics in the duo-trio wine tastings, similarly, no differences were found for alcoholic degree, acidity, reduced sugars, and pH; however, a trend for a positive increase in polyphenol contents was noticed. Therefore, properly managed to avoid water shortages, cover crops can be recommended for soil protection in semi-arid environments.

ACS Style

Mj Marques; M Ruiz-Colmenero; R Bienes; A García-Díaz; B Sastre. Effects of a Permanent Soil Cover on Water Dynamics and Wine Characteristics in a Steep Vineyard in the Central Spain. Air, Soil and Water Research 2020, 13, 1 .

AMA Style

Mj Marques, M Ruiz-Colmenero, R Bienes, A García-Díaz, B Sastre. Effects of a Permanent Soil Cover on Water Dynamics and Wine Characteristics in a Steep Vineyard in the Central Spain. Air, Soil and Water Research. 2020; 13 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mj Marques; M Ruiz-Colmenero; R Bienes; A García-Díaz; B Sastre. 2020. "Effects of a Permanent Soil Cover on Water Dynamics and Wine Characteristics in a Steep Vineyard in the Central Spain." Air, Soil and Water Research 13, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2019 in Journal of Hydrology
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Soil degradation by water is a serious environmental problem worldwide, with specific climatic factors being the major causes. We investigated the relationships between synoptic atmospheric patterns (i.e. weather types, WTs) and runoff, erosion and sediment yield throughout the Mediterranean basin by analyzing a large database of natural rainfall events at 68 research sites in 9 countries. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify spatial relationships of the different WTs including three hydro-sedimentary variables: rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield (SY, used to refer to both soil erosion measured at plot scale and sediment yield registered at catchment scale). The results indicated 4 spatial classes of rainfall and runoff: (a) northern sites dependent on North (N) and North West (NW) flows; (b) eastern sites dependent on E and NE flows; (c) southern sites dependent on S and SE flows; and, finally, (d) western sites dependent on W and SW flows. Conversely, three spatial classes are identified for SY characterized by: (a) N and NE flows in northern sites (b) E flows in eastern sites, and (c) W and SW flows in western sites. Most of the rainfall, runoff and SY occurred during a small number of daily events, and just a few WTs accounted for large percentages of the total. Our results confirm that characterization by WT improves understanding of the general conditions under which runoff and SY occur, and provides useful information for understanding the spatial variability of runoff, and SY throughout the Mediterranean basin. The approach used here could be useful to aid of the design of regional water management and soil conservation measures.

ACS Style

D. Peña-Angulo; E. Nadal-Romero; J.C. González-Hidalgo; Juan Albaladejo; V. Andreu; V. Bagarello; H. Barhi; R.J. Batalla; Susana Bernal; R. Bienes; J. Campo; M.A. Campo-Bescós; A. Canatario-Duarte; Y. Cantón; J. Casali; Victor M Castillo; A. Cerdà; A. Cheggour; P. Cid; N. Cortesi; G. Desir; E. Díaz-Pereira; T. Espigares; J. Estrany; M. Fernández-Raga; C.S.S. Ferreira; V. Ferro; F. Gallart; R. Giménez; E. Gimeno; J.A. Gómez; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez; H. Gómez-Macpherson; O. González-Pelayo; P. Hueso-González; O. Kairis; G.P. Karatzas; S. Klotz; C. Kosmas; N. Lana-Renault; T. Lasanta; J. Latron; R. Lázaro; Y. Le Bissonnais; C. Le Bouteiller; F. Licciardello; J.A. López-Tarazón; Ana Lucía; C. Marín; M.J. Marqués; J. Martínez-Fernández; M. Martínez-Mena; J.F. Martínez-Murillo; L. Mateos; N. Mathys; L. Merino-Martín; M. Moreno-De Las Heras; N. Moustakas; J.M. Nicolau; A. Novara; V. Pampalone; D. Raclot; M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco; J. Rodrigo-Comino; A. Romero-Díaz; E. Roose; J.L. Rubio; J.D. Ruiz-Sinoga; Susanne Schnabel; J.M. Senciales-González; V. Simonneaux; A. Solé-Benet; E.V. Taguas; M.M. Taboada-Castro; F. Todisco; X. Úbeda; E.A. Varouchakis; D. Vericat; L. Wittenberg; Ane Zabaleta; M. Zorn. Spatial variability of the relationships of runoff and sediment yield with weather types throughout the Mediterranean basin. Journal of Hydrology 2019, 571, 390 -405.

AMA Style

D. Peña-Angulo, E. Nadal-Romero, J.C. González-Hidalgo, Juan Albaladejo, V. Andreu, V. Bagarello, H. Barhi, R.J. Batalla, Susana Bernal, R. Bienes, J. Campo, M.A. Campo-Bescós, A. Canatario-Duarte, Y. Cantón, J. Casali, Victor M Castillo, A. Cerdà, A. Cheggour, P. Cid, N. Cortesi, G. Desir, E. Díaz-Pereira, T. Espigares, J. Estrany, M. Fernández-Raga, C.S.S. Ferreira, V. Ferro, F. Gallart, R. Giménez, E. Gimeno, J.A. Gómez, A. Gómez-Gutiérrez, H. Gómez-Macpherson, O. González-Pelayo, P. Hueso-González, O. Kairis, G.P. Karatzas, S. Klotz, C. Kosmas, N. Lana-Renault, T. Lasanta, J. Latron, R. Lázaro, Y. Le Bissonnais, C. Le Bouteiller, F. Licciardello, J.A. López-Tarazón, Ana Lucía, C. Marín, M.J. Marqués, J. Martínez-Fernández, M. Martínez-Mena, J.F. Martínez-Murillo, L. Mateos, N. Mathys, L. Merino-Martín, M. Moreno-De Las Heras, N. Moustakas, J.M. Nicolau, A. Novara, V. Pampalone, D. Raclot, M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco, J. Rodrigo-Comino, A. Romero-Díaz, E. Roose, J.L. Rubio, J.D. Ruiz-Sinoga, Susanne Schnabel, J.M. Senciales-González, V. Simonneaux, A. Solé-Benet, E.V. Taguas, M.M. Taboada-Castro, F. Todisco, X. Úbeda, E.A. Varouchakis, D. Vericat, L. Wittenberg, Ane Zabaleta, M. Zorn. Spatial variability of the relationships of runoff and sediment yield with weather types throughout the Mediterranean basin. Journal of Hydrology. 2019; 571 ():390-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Peña-Angulo; E. Nadal-Romero; J.C. González-Hidalgo; Juan Albaladejo; V. Andreu; V. Bagarello; H. Barhi; R.J. Batalla; Susana Bernal; R. Bienes; J. Campo; M.A. Campo-Bescós; A. Canatario-Duarte; Y. Cantón; J. Casali; Victor M Castillo; A. Cerdà; A. Cheggour; P. Cid; N. Cortesi; G. Desir; E. Díaz-Pereira; T. Espigares; J. Estrany; M. Fernández-Raga; C.S.S. Ferreira; V. Ferro; F. Gallart; R. Giménez; E. Gimeno; J.A. Gómez; A. Gómez-Gutiérrez; H. Gómez-Macpherson; O. González-Pelayo; P. Hueso-González; O. Kairis; G.P. Karatzas; S. Klotz; C. Kosmas; N. Lana-Renault; T. Lasanta; J. Latron; R. Lázaro; Y. Le Bissonnais; C. Le Bouteiller; F. Licciardello; J.A. López-Tarazón; Ana Lucía; C. Marín; M.J. Marqués; J. Martínez-Fernández; M. Martínez-Mena; J.F. Martínez-Murillo; L. Mateos; N. Mathys; L. Merino-Martín; M. Moreno-De Las Heras; N. Moustakas; J.M. Nicolau; A. Novara; V. Pampalone; D. Raclot; M.L. Rodríguez-Blanco; J. Rodrigo-Comino; A. Romero-Díaz; E. Roose; J.L. Rubio; J.D. Ruiz-Sinoga; Susanne Schnabel; J.M. Senciales-González; V. Simonneaux; A. Solé-Benet; E.V. Taguas; M.M. Taboada-Castro; F. Todisco; X. Úbeda; E.A. Varouchakis; D. Vericat; L. Wittenberg; Ane Zabaleta; M. Zorn. 2019. "Spatial variability of the relationships of runoff and sediment yield with weather types throughout the Mediterranean basin." Journal of Hydrology 571, no. : 390-405.

Abstract
Published: 01 January 2019 in Proceedings
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The wine captures grapes’ variety nature and vinification techniques, but other aspects of soil, climate and terrain are equally important for the terroir expression as a whole. Soil supplies moisture, nitrogen, and minerals. Particularly nitrogen obtained through mineralization of soil organic matter and water uptake are crucial for grape yield, berry sugar, anthocyanin and tannin concentration, hence grape quality and vineyard profitability. Different climatic conditions, which are predicted for the future, can significantly modify this relationship between vines and soils. New climatic conditions under global warming predict higher temperatures, erratic and extreme rainfall events, and drought spells. These circumstances are particularly worrisome for typical thin soils of the Mediterranean environment. This study reports the effect of permanent grass cover in vineyards to maintain or increase soil organic matter and soil moisture. The influence of natural and simulated rainfalls on soils was studied. A comparison between minimum tillage (MT) and permanent grass cover crop (GC) of the temperate grass Brachypodium distachyon was done. Water infiltration, water holding capacity, organic carbon sequestration and protection from extreme events, were considered in a sloping vineyard located in the south of Madrid, Spain. The MT is the most widely used cultivation method in the area. The tradition supports this management practice to capture and preserve water in soils. It creates small depressions that accumulate water and eventually improves water infiltration. This effect was acknowledged in summer after recent MT cultivation; however, it was only short-lived as surface roughness declined after rainfalls. Especially, intense rainfall events left the surface of bare soil sealed. Consequently, the effects depend on the season of the year. In autumn, a rainy season of the year, MT failed to enhance infiltration. On the contrary, B. distachyon acted as a physical barrier, produced more infiltration (22% increase) and fewer particles detachment, due to increased soil structure stability and soil organic matter (50% increase). The GC efficiently protected soil from high-intensity events (more than 2 mm min-1). Besides, soil moisture at 35 cm depth was enhanced with GC (9% more than tillage). On average, soil moisture in GC was not significantly different from MT. These effects of GC on soil conditions created local micro-environmental conditions that can be considered advantageous as a climate change adaptation strategy, because they improved water balance, maintained a sustainable level of soil organic matter, therefore organic nitrogen, all these factors crucial for improving wine quality.

ACS Style

María José Marqués; Ramón Bienes; Marta Ruiz-Colmenero. Soil Management by Cover Crops in Vineyards for Climate Change Adaptation. Proceedings 2019, 30, 26 .

AMA Style

María José Marqués, Ramón Bienes, Marta Ruiz-Colmenero. Soil Management by Cover Crops in Vineyards for Climate Change Adaptation. Proceedings. 2019; 30 (1):26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María José Marqués; Ramón Bienes; Marta Ruiz-Colmenero. 2019. "Soil Management by Cover Crops in Vineyards for Climate Change Adaptation." Proceedings 30, no. 1: 26.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2018 in Agricultural Water Management
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Reclaimed water irrigation in urban parks is expanding all over the world and could cause salt accumulation in soil and plants. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the city of Madrid (Spain) has been using reclaimed water to irrigate its parks. The main aim of this study was to estimate salt accumulation in soils and plants due to reclaimed water irrigation in two urban parks of Madrid. It was conducted over five consecutive years and the chemical properties in soil solution, soil and plant leaves of four species were analyzed. Two plots from each park were selected, one irrigated with reclaimed water (RW) and another one irrigated with drinking water (DW). There was a steady increase of Cl−, Na+, SAR and electrical conductivity (EC) in soils that were RW irrigated for 5 years, while in DW plots lower values for these parameters were observed. Likewise, there was no soil sodification in RW plots. On the contrary, the park which has been RW irrigated for 15 years showed a slight soil salinization (EC > 2 dS m-1). There were significant differences for the Cl and Na (%) leaf content between species irrigated with RW versus DW. Overall, salt concentration in leaves was similar to the values found in the literature, being in most of the cases below the threshold when plants start to show injuries. However, an adequate leaching requirement (9%) is advisable in order to wash out the excessive salt accumulation in parks irrigated with reclaimed water.

ACS Style

David Zalacáin; Silvia Martínez-Pérez; Ramón Bienes; Andrés García-Díaz; Antonio Sastre-Merlín. Salt accumulation in soils and plants under reclaimed water irrigation in urban parks of Madrid (Spain). Agricultural Water Management 2018, 213, 468 -476.

AMA Style

David Zalacáin, Silvia Martínez-Pérez, Ramón Bienes, Andrés García-Díaz, Antonio Sastre-Merlín. Salt accumulation in soils and plants under reclaimed water irrigation in urban parks of Madrid (Spain). Agricultural Water Management. 2018; 213 ():468-476.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Zalacáin; Silvia Martínez-Pérez; Ramón Bienes; Andrés García-Díaz; Antonio Sastre-Merlín. 2018. "Salt accumulation in soils and plants under reclaimed water irrigation in urban parks of Madrid (Spain)." Agricultural Water Management 213, no. : 468-476.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Mediterranean vineyards are usually managed with continuous tillage to maintain bare soils leading to low organic matter stocks and soil degradation. Vineyards are part of the Mediterranean culture, their management can be sustainable. We propose the setup of two types of groundcovers with the aim to assess their potential influence to improve soil properties. A field trial was performed to compare the effects of a seeded (Brachypodium distachyon) and spontaneous groundcovers, on a set of soil parameters, in comparison with the traditional tillage in four vineyards located in the center of Spain. Three years after the groundcovers establishment soil organic carbon stocks increased up to 1.62 and 3.18Mgha-1 for the seeded and the spontaneous groundcovers, respectively, compared to conventional tillage. Both labile and stable fractions improved their soil organic carbon content with the use of groundcovers, particularly the labile fraction. Moreover, soil structure and functional soil properties improved through better aggregate stability, pore connectivity and infiltration rates. The higher root biomass input of the spontaneous groundcovers derived in higher soil organic carbon increases and soil quality improvement. Consequently, under low rainfall conditions (<400mmperyear) spontaneous vegetation, properly managed according to site conditions, is an effective soil management strategy to revert soil degradation and increase soil quality in Mediterranean vineyards.

ACS Style

Andrés García-Díaz; María José Marqués; Blanca Sastre; Ramón Bienes. Labile and stable soil organic carbon and physical improvements using groundcovers in vineyards from central Spain. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 621, 387 -397.

AMA Style

Andrés García-Díaz, María José Marqués, Blanca Sastre, Ramón Bienes. Labile and stable soil organic carbon and physical improvements using groundcovers in vineyards from central Spain. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 621 ():387-397.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrés García-Díaz; María José Marqués; Blanca Sastre; Ramón Bienes. 2018. "Labile and stable soil organic carbon and physical improvements using groundcovers in vineyards from central Spain." Science of The Total Environment 621, no. : 387-397.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
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ACS Style

Andrés García-Díaz; Ramón Bienes; Blanca Sastre; Agata Novara; Luciano Gristina; Artemi Cerdà. Nitrogen losses in vineyards under different types of soil groundcover. A field runoff simulator approach in central Spain. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2017, 236, 256 -267.

AMA Style

Andrés García-Díaz, Ramón Bienes, Blanca Sastre, Agata Novara, Luciano Gristina, Artemi Cerdà. Nitrogen losses in vineyards under different types of soil groundcover. A field runoff simulator approach in central Spain. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2017; 236 ():256-267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrés García-Díaz; Ramón Bienes; Blanca Sastre; Agata Novara; Luciano Gristina; Artemi Cerdà. 2017. "Nitrogen losses in vineyards under different types of soil groundcover. A field runoff simulator approach in central Spain." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 236, no. : 256-267.

Research article
Published: 29 December 2016 in Journal of Chemistry
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Rainfed olive groves have been traditionally tilled in order to reduce the competition for water and nutrients. In sloping Mediterranean olive groves, this practice leads to high erosion rates, resulting in a reduction in soil fertility. Cover crops have been employed as a sustainable olive grove management strategy, but previous studies found differences in their effect on fruit load and there is scarce information on their influence on the virgin olive oil (VOO) quality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different soil management strategies on olive and oil yield and VOO physicochemical and sensory characteristics in a rainfed olive grove (238 trees·ha−1) of Cornicabra cultivar, the main in Central Spain. No effect of soil management was found in olive or oil yield along three cropping seasons. VOO quality was mainly influenced by the year, but slight differences were found in the driest year between the studied treatments. Small differences in fruit ripening, pigments, and several fatty acids as well as in sensory parameters were found.

ACS Style

Blanca Sastre; M. Ángeles Pérez-Jiménez; Ramón Bienes; Andrés García-Díaz; Cristina De Lorenzo. The Effect of Soil Management on Olive Yield and VOO Quality in a Rainfed Olive Grove of Central Spain. Journal of Chemistry 2016, 2016, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Blanca Sastre, M. Ángeles Pérez-Jiménez, Ramón Bienes, Andrés García-Díaz, Cristina De Lorenzo. The Effect of Soil Management on Olive Yield and VOO Quality in a Rainfed Olive Grove of Central Spain. Journal of Chemistry. 2016; 2016 ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Blanca Sastre; M. Ángeles Pérez-Jiménez; Ramón Bienes; Andrés García-Díaz; Cristina De Lorenzo. 2016. "The Effect of Soil Management on Olive Yield and VOO Quality in a Rainfed Olive Grove of Central Spain." Journal of Chemistry 2016, no. : 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 10 November 2016 in Journal of Soils and Sediments
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Soil erosion is a threat for the sustainability of the grove production all over the world, and olive groves are where the highest erosion is achieved. This study aimed to (1) evaluate soil loss from water erosion in microplots (1 m2) under natural rainfall events in an olive grove managed with tillage and three different cover crops; (2) determine the main climatic factors on soil loss and selective transportation; and (3) survey the willingness of local farmers to adopt cover crops. Over four hydrological years (2010 to 2014), tillage and three cover crop treatments have been assessed in a sloping olive grove in the Mediterranean area, in a semiarid climate and gypsiferous soil. The treatments were tillage (once a year), two annual covers (barley and legumes) and a permanent cover (Brachypodium distachyon). Soil loss was collected after each rainfall event, dried and weighted. Rainfall data was recorded and soil cover (%) was determined. Organic carbon (% OC) and texture were measured for sediments of tillage treatment to study their selective transportation. Local farmers were polled regarding their knowledge of the biophysical factors that affect soil conservation, their management practices and their willingness to adopt sustainable land management practices as cover crops. The tillage treatment exhibited the highest soil loss (6.8 t ha−1 year−1). Cover crops significantly reduced soil loss: 40 % for legumes, 60 % for barley and permanent cover led to an 80 % decrease (1.4 t ha−1 year−1). The soil loss depends mainly on the soil cover and kinetic energy of rainfall events. Vegetation cover higher than 40 % in autumn and spring was essential to limiting soil loss, even under heavy events. Mobilised sediments were enriched 2.4 times in OC and 1.6 in the clay fraction. In spite of the well-known benefits of cover crops in soil conservation, local farmers do not use them. A lack of environmental education and awareness has been detected. Tillage in olive groves produced unsustainable rates of soil loss, while permanent cover demonstrated high efficiency. Gypsiferous soils are vulnerable to water erosion processes if they are not protected by vegetation. Farmers should adopt tailored soil cover practices during spring and autumn, when the soil loss is higher. A few farmers use sustainable soil management techniques, and therefore cover crops in olive groves are rare in Central Spain because farmers are reluctant to change.

ACS Style

Blanca Sastre; Celia Barbero-Sierra; Ramón Bienes; Maria Jose Marques; Andrés García-Díaz. Soil loss in an olive grove in Central Spain under cover crops and tillage treatments, and farmer perceptions. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2016, 17, 873 -888.

AMA Style

Blanca Sastre, Celia Barbero-Sierra, Ramón Bienes, Maria Jose Marques, Andrés García-Díaz. Soil loss in an olive grove in Central Spain under cover crops and tillage treatments, and farmer perceptions. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2016; 17 (3):873-888.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Blanca Sastre; Celia Barbero-Sierra; Ramón Bienes; Maria Jose Marques; Andrés García-Díaz. 2016. "Soil loss in an olive grove in Central Spain under cover crops and tillage treatments, and farmer perceptions." Journal of Soils and Sediments 17, no. 3: 873-888.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Geoderma
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Soil system is the key part of the Earth system that control the hydrological cycle, the biological cycle and the geochemical cycles, and improved management of abandoned agricultural soils can improve soil carbon, nutrient, water, and biota. Therefore it is essential to restore degraded abandoned lands. We analyzed the status of a soil 5 and 11 years after shrub revegetation using two species (Atriplex halimus and Retama sphaerocarpa) and spontaneous vegetation in a sloping semiarid area of gypsiferous soils in central Spain under Mediterranean climate. The evolution of soil structural characteristics (silt loam Gypsic Haploxerept) throughout this period and corresponding changes in water availability were studied. Five years were not time enough to notice changes in soil parameters. However, 11 years more revealed major changes, macroporosity (pores > 60 μm) decreased dramatically (from 20.5 to 9.4%); mesoporosity (60 to 10 μm) increased and microporosity (< 10 μm) is unchanged. Notably, more water was available for plants (from 6% in 2008 to 10% in 2014). This was led by a significant decrease in the volume of water that is strongly bounded to very small pores (< 0.2 μm). This is considered particularly important in this semiarid area having less than 400 mm of annual rainfall. These changes were more pronounced in soils with shrubs, particularly A. halimus. In this sloping area, the litter generated by shrubs did not provide greater SOM at the site where it occurred, but few meters below, where it was deposited by water erosion. Comparisons between downslope and upper slope soils yielded significant differences An increase in SOM (from 1.99 to 2.75%); N (from 0.133% to 0.196%); CND (counting number drop) (from 16 to 34) and a decrease of bulk density (from 1.32 to 1.27 g cm− 3) respectively.

ACS Style

R. Bienes; M.J. Marques; B. Sastre; A. García-Díaz; M. Ruiz-Colmenero. Eleven years after shrub revegetation in semiarid eroded soils. Influence in soil properties. Geoderma 2016, 273, 106 -114.

AMA Style

R. Bienes, M.J. Marques, B. Sastre, A. García-Díaz, M. Ruiz-Colmenero. Eleven years after shrub revegetation in semiarid eroded soils. Influence in soil properties. Geoderma. 2016; 273 ():106-114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Bienes; M.J. Marques; B. Sastre; A. García-Díaz; M. Ruiz-Colmenero. 2016. "Eleven years after shrub revegetation in semiarid eroded soils. Influence in soil properties." Geoderma 273, no. : 106-114.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2016 in Geoderma
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Previous studies have documented that, relative to conventional tillage (CT), alternative soil management (reduced tillage, mulching, or cover crops) decreases soil erosion and increases soil organic matter (SOM) in vineyards. These previous studies, however, failed to consider the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) with erosion that could occur with the adoption of agro-environmental measures (AEM) in a semiarid environment. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to determine whether changes in SOC content under AEM management are always positive and to develop a conceptual model for estimating the “SOC threshold”. The SOC threshold was defined as that level of SOC in an AEM-managed vineyard above which erosion will result in greater loss of C than occur in a comparable vineyard with CT management. SOC was analyzed at a 100 paired sites (vineyards with AEM management vs. CT). The results showed that in some cases the loss of C was higher with AEM than with CT. Overall, the results indicate that the SOC threshold may be a key parameter in determining the best AEM measures for vineyards that are on slopes and therefore vulnerable to erosion.

ACS Style

Andrés García-Díaz; Ramón Bienes Allas; Luciano Gristina; Artemio Cerdà; Paulo Pereira; Agata Novara. Carbon input threshold for soil carbon budget optimization in eroding vineyards. Geoderma 2016, 271, 144 -149.

AMA Style

Andrés García-Díaz, Ramón Bienes Allas, Luciano Gristina, Artemio Cerdà, Paulo Pereira, Agata Novara. Carbon input threshold for soil carbon budget optimization in eroding vineyards. Geoderma. 2016; 271 ():144-149.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrés García-Díaz; Ramón Bienes Allas; Luciano Gristina; Artemio Cerdà; Paulo Pereira; Agata Novara. 2016. "Carbon input threshold for soil carbon budget optimization in eroding vineyards." Geoderma 271, no. : 144-149.

Article
Published: 18 February 2016 in Hydrology
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Small portable rainfall simulators are considered a useful tool to analyze soil erosion processes in cultivated lands. European research groups in Spain (Valencia, Málaga, Lleida, Madrid and La Rioja), France (Reims) and Germany (Trier) have used different rainfall simulators (varying in drop size distribution and fall velocities, kinetic energy, plot forms and sizes, and field of application) to study soil loss, surface flow, runoff and infiltration coefficients in different experimental plots (Valencia, Montes de Málaga, Penedès, Campo Real and La Rioja in Spain, Champagne in France and Mosel-Ruwer valley in Germany). The measurements and experiments developed by these research teams give an overview of the variety of methodologies used in rainfall simulations to study the problem of soil erosion and describe the erosion features in different climatic environments, management practices and soil types. The aims of this study are: (i) to investigate where, how and why researchers from different wine-growing regions applied rainfall simulations with successful results as a tool to measure soil erosion processes; (ii) to make a qualitative comparison about the general soil erosion processes in European terroirs; (iii) to demonstrate the importance of the development of standard method for measurement of soil erosion processes in vineyards, using rainfall simulators; and (iv) and to analyze the key factors that should be taken into account to carry out rainfall simulations. The rainfall simulations in all cases allowed infiltration capacity, susceptibility of the soil to detachment and generation of sediment loads to runoff to be determined. Despite using small plots, the experiments were useful to analyze the influence of soil cover to reduce soil erosion, to make comparisons between different locations, and to evaluate the influence of different soil characteristics. The comparative analysis of the studies performed in different study areas points out the need to define an operational methodology to carry out rainfall simulations, which allows us to obtain representative and comparable results and to avoid errors in the interpretation in order to achieve comparable information about runoff and soil loss.

ACS Style

Jesús Rodrigo Comino; Thomas Iserloh; Xavier Morvan; Oumarou Malam Issa; Christophe Naisse; Saskia D. Keesstra; Artemio Cerdà; Massimo Prosdocimi; José Arnáez; Teodoro Lasanta; María Concepción Ramos; María José Marqués; Marta Ruiz Colmenero; Ramón Bienes; José Damián Ruiz Sinoga; Manuel Seeger; Johannes B. Ries. Soil Erosion Processes in European Vineyards: A Qualitative Comparison of Rainfall Simulation Measurements in Germany, Spain and France. Hydrology 2016, 3, 6 .

AMA Style

Jesús Rodrigo Comino, Thomas Iserloh, Xavier Morvan, Oumarou Malam Issa, Christophe Naisse, Saskia D. Keesstra, Artemio Cerdà, Massimo Prosdocimi, José Arnáez, Teodoro Lasanta, María Concepción Ramos, María José Marqués, Marta Ruiz Colmenero, Ramón Bienes, José Damián Ruiz Sinoga, Manuel Seeger, Johannes B. Ries. Soil Erosion Processes in European Vineyards: A Qualitative Comparison of Rainfall Simulation Measurements in Germany, Spain and France. Hydrology. 2016; 3 (1):6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jesús Rodrigo Comino; Thomas Iserloh; Xavier Morvan; Oumarou Malam Issa; Christophe Naisse; Saskia D. Keesstra; Artemio Cerdà; Massimo Prosdocimi; José Arnáez; Teodoro Lasanta; María Concepción Ramos; María José Marqués; Marta Ruiz Colmenero; Ramón Bienes; José Damián Ruiz Sinoga; Manuel Seeger; Johannes B. Ries. 2016. "Soil Erosion Processes in European Vineyards: A Qualitative Comparison of Rainfall Simulation Measurements in Germany, Spain and France." Hydrology 3, no. 1: 6.

Book chapter
Published: 24 September 2015 in World Soils Book Series
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The Mediterranean climate has, among its main characteristics, two wet periods (fall and spring) and an intense and prolonged dry season that extends from late spring to early fall; meanwhile, winters are mild and summers hot. The climate becomes more continental inland (colder winters), being softer on the coast. Rainfall varies considerably from one area to another, causing the climate to fluctuate from semi-arid to arid. The moisture regime is Xeric, but there are areas that reach Aridic (for example, the Ebro Valley and Spanish southeast). The temperature regime is Mesic, even thermic in some areas. The olive tree is perfectly adapted to this climate, producing high yields and constituting a good indicator of this Mediterranean climate. This chapter presents the main groups of soils, according to NRCS-USDA (2014) which are in the Autonomous Communities that belong to the Mediterranean area of Spain. Geology, relief, climate, soil-forming processes, and various types of Mediterranean soils and their geographical repartition in these Autonomous Communities are described. Between the most common subsurface diagnostic horizons are Cambic and Calcic as dominant, followed by Argilic and Gypsic. The main soil orders (NRCS-USDA) found are Alfisols, Calcisols, Luvisols, Gypsisols Aridisols, Entisols, Inceptisols and Vertisols. Inceptisols are the most representative and dominant soil order in the Mediterranean area, where olive trees are grown, with the xerepts suborder their most typical. As evidenced, there is a great variability of soils in the Mediterranean climate in Spain.

ACS Style

E. Ortega; F. J. Lozano; F. J. Martínez; Ramón Bienes; Juan F. Gallardo; Carlos Asensio. Soils of the Mediterranean Areas. World Soils Book Series 2015, 163 -187.

AMA Style

E. Ortega, F. J. Lozano, F. J. Martínez, Ramón Bienes, Juan F. Gallardo, Carlos Asensio. Soils of the Mediterranean Areas. World Soils Book Series. 2015; ():163-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Ortega; F. J. Lozano; F. J. Martínez; Ramón Bienes; Juan F. Gallardo; Carlos Asensio. 2015. "Soils of the Mediterranean Areas." World Soils Book Series , no. : 163-187.

Special issue article
Published: 08 December 2014 in Land Degradation & Development
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This study provides a better understanding of the perspective and attitudes of farmers towards sustainable land management (SLM) practices in central Spain. Farmer's willingness to change from conventional tillage to cover crops in vineyards is seen as an indicator for adoption of sustainable agriculture. Two complementary approaches were used: open interviews (n = 25) and surveys (n = 64). The portrait of these winegrowers is of mature farmers, owners of their lands and conscious of soil erosion problems (81%), although not on their own lands. They observe soil degradation (45%); however, they are more conscious of problems in their vines or grapes (64%). Only 32% would be willing to use cover crops to avoid erosion. The barriers for adoption were mainly related to water constraints, lack of knowledge and inability to accept production decreases. Results indicate an underlying lack of information on SLM. They show confusion or mistakes regarding the relationship between tillage and erosion. Young farmers are more prone to change practices. Scientific results are not effectively communicated; there are no efficient local structures to provide them with knowledge and advice in their work, including guidance on environmental issues. The EU agri‐environment payments cover the costs of SLM practices for avoiding erosion or compaction and increasing SOC. In spite of that, participants do not apply for subsidies to compensate the income foregone. Policy makers, extension services and scientists have to face this situation to tackle the limited knowledge transfer revealed in this study. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Maria Jose Marques; Ramón Bienes; Joaquín Cuadrado; Marta Ruiz‐Colmenero; Celia Barbero‐Sierra; Ana Velasco. Analysing Perceptions Attitudes and Responses of Winegrowers about Sustainable Land Management in Central Spain. Land Degradation & Development 2014, 26, 458 -467.

AMA Style

Maria Jose Marques, Ramón Bienes, Joaquín Cuadrado, Marta Ruiz‐Colmenero, Celia Barbero‐Sierra, Ana Velasco. Analysing Perceptions Attitudes and Responses of Winegrowers about Sustainable Land Management in Central Spain. Land Degradation & Development. 2014; 26 (5):458-467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Jose Marques; Ramón Bienes; Joaquín Cuadrado; Marta Ruiz‐Colmenero; Celia Barbero‐Sierra; Ana Velasco. 2014. "Analysing Perceptions Attitudes and Responses of Winegrowers about Sustainable Land Management in Central Spain." Land Degradation & Development 26, no. 5: 458-467.

Journal article
Published: 28 March 2014 in Water Resources Management
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Accelerated soil erosion is a threat for the societies due to the loss of ecosystems services. Soil erosion and sediment delivery have been assessed in a small catchment of Central Spain with a new water body, the Pareja Limno-reservoir, located in its outlet. This limno-reservoir was created in 2006 with environmental and recreational purposes in the riverine zone of a large reservoir. Sedimentation risk is an issue of concern regarding limno-reservoirs environmental feasibility. Thus, the study of the soil erosion in the Pareja Limno-reservoir catchment and its sediment delivery seemed of the utmost importance. In this paper we establish an affordable and simple methodology to address it. A soil erosion and deposition monitoring network was installed in the Ompólveda River basin (≈88 km2), which flows into the Pareja Limno-reservoir. Results obtained were related with those from a sedimentation study previously carried out in the limno-reservoir. Gross hillslope erosion in the catchment was 6.0 Mg ha−1 year−1, which is in agreement with values reported for Mediterranean areas. After subtraction of the deposition measured, a soil loss of 1.2 Mg ha−1 year−1 was found in the catchment. Sediment delivery ratio (SDR) was estimated to be 3.8 %. SDR is low as a result of the low connectivity between the stream network and the limno-reservoir. Some local characteristics may also have a secondary influence in the low SDR value. Results obtained support the environmental feasibility of the Pareja Limno-reservoir from the sedimentation risk perspective. They also demonstrate that the methodology followed allows the assessment of soil loss and sediment delivery at a catchment scale, and the identification of areas where the erosion problems are most severe.

ACS Style

E. Molina-Navarro; S. Martínez-Pérez; A. Sastre-Merlín; R. Bienes-Allas. Catchment Erosion and Sediment Delivery in a Limno-Reservoir Basin Using a Simple Methodology. Water Resources Management 2014, 28, 2129 -2143.

AMA Style

E. Molina-Navarro, S. Martínez-Pérez, A. Sastre-Merlín, R. Bienes-Allas. Catchment Erosion and Sediment Delivery in a Limno-Reservoir Basin Using a Simple Methodology. Water Resources Management. 2014; 28 (8):2129-2143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Molina-Navarro; S. Martínez-Pérez; A. Sastre-Merlín; R. Bienes-Allas. 2014. "Catchment Erosion and Sediment Delivery in a Limno-Reservoir Basin Using a Simple Methodology." Water Resources Management 28, no. 8: 2129-2143.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2014 in Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica
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ACS Style

Eugenio Molina-Navarro; Silvia Martínez-Pérez; A. Sastre-Merlín; R. Bienes-Allas. Taking advantage of a new hydraulic infrastructure to study the sediment yield in a small basin of central Spain. Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 2014, 40, 215 .

AMA Style

Eugenio Molina-Navarro, Silvia Martínez-Pérez, A. Sastre-Merlín, R. Bienes-Allas. Taking advantage of a new hydraulic infrastructure to study the sediment yield in a small basin of central Spain. Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica. 2014; 40 (1):215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eugenio Molina-Navarro; Silvia Martínez-Pérez; A. Sastre-Merlín; R. Bienes-Allas. 2014. "Taking advantage of a new hydraulic infrastructure to study the sediment yield in a small basin of central Spain." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 40, no. 1: 215.