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Biologist, master in environment and regional development, working in the area of environmental monitoring, microbiology and water quality.
The concentration of chlorine in water declines as it reacts with various substances, causing decay of the residual free chlorine until its total consumption. In light of the typical characteristics of the water from protected dug wells and tube wells, this study aimed to evaluate the decay kinetics of free chlorine in the water of alternative individual supply (AIS) solutions used in the city of Porto Velho in the Brazilian Amazon region. The free chlorine decay constant in the water was evaluated by “bottle tests,” applying a first-order model. According to the results, the type of well and initial chlorine concentration significantly influences the free chlorine decay speed. The water samples from the tubular wells had lower chlorine demand levels, attributed to their better water quality. The simulation of the residual chlorine decay in the different supply sources is an important tool to support safe disinfection processes.
Taise Vargas; Célia Baía; Tatiana Machado; Caetano Dórea; Wanderley Bastos. Decay of Free Residual Chlorine in Wells Water of Northern Brazil. Water 2021, 13, 992 .
AMA StyleTaise Vargas, Célia Baía, Tatiana Machado, Caetano Dórea, Wanderley Bastos. Decay of Free Residual Chlorine in Wells Water of Northern Brazil. Water. 2021; 13 (7):992.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaise Vargas; Célia Baía; Tatiana Machado; Caetano Dórea; Wanderley Bastos. 2021. "Decay of Free Residual Chlorine in Wells Water of Northern Brazil." Water 13, no. 7: 992.
To monitor safely managed drinking water services, an increasing number of countries have integrated water quality testing for Escherichia coli into nationally-representative household surveys such as the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). However, plastic waste generated during such water quality testing programs, mostly through the use of pre-sterilized disposable materials, is non-negligible. The objective of this study was to evaluate several re-use protocols for disposable filter funnels used by the MICS water quality test kits. Decontamination and re-use protocols were assessed in centralized laboratory and decentralized field settings and neither yielded positive results. Re-use of 100 mL sterile funnels decontaminated with an alcohol wipe resulted in a higher incidence of false positive results (i.e., positive contamination when processing sterile water), both in the laboratory and field; therefore, a higher proportion of positives tests can be expected if these components are re-used. Further improvements to the decontamination technique and training are needed before material re-use can be reliably adopted. Autoclaving the funnels for re-use is feasible, provided that there is capacity to re-package and distribute funnels in a sterile manner.
Camille Zimmer; Alexandra Cassivi; Celia C Baía; Elizabeth Tilley; Robert Bain; Richard Johnston; Caetano C Dorea. Assessment of Decontamination and Reuse of Disposable Filter Funnels Used in Microbiological Water Quality Tests. Environmental Health Insights 2021, 15, 1 .
AMA StyleCamille Zimmer, Alexandra Cassivi, Celia C Baía, Elizabeth Tilley, Robert Bain, Richard Johnston, Caetano C Dorea. Assessment of Decontamination and Reuse of Disposable Filter Funnels Used in Microbiological Water Quality Tests. Environmental Health Insights. 2021; 15 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamille Zimmer; Alexandra Cassivi; Celia C Baía; Elizabeth Tilley; Robert Bain; Richard Johnston; Caetano C Dorea. 2021. "Assessment of Decontamination and Reuse of Disposable Filter Funnels Used in Microbiological Water Quality Tests." Environmental Health Insights 15, no. : 1.