The latest progress relating to the fabrication of materials for wearable sensors, including flexible materials, electrode materials, and new biodegradable materials, is reviewed. We think flexible materials will have broad application prospects.

Wounds affect various functions of the skin, and treating them has always been a challenge for humans. Skin grafts have been traditionally used to treat wounds; however, they have certain shortcomings. Skin tissue engineering has many advantages, and thus, it is expected to become a new method for wound treatment. Suitable skin substitutes are necessary for skin tissue engineering, and the materials of the scaffolds affect the properties of skin substitutes. Only suitable materials can promote wound healing, so it is very important to choose the right materials and study their characteristics for skin tissue engineering. This article reviews scaffold materials, including natural, synthetic, and composite materials, and their advantages, disadvantages are analyzed. In addition, this review presents current commercially available skin substitutes for clinical use. Finally, the perspectives and existing challenges in the field of skin tissue engineering are presented. Graphical Abstract

The many types of material currently used to treat bone injuries (caused by various reasons) have undergone changes over time. From the initial metal implants of stainless steel or titanium to those made of ceramics and polymers (which are now widely used), each material has its own advantages, disadvantages, and suitable uses. Artificial bone material needs to be selected according to the different stress conditions of the body part in which it will be used, and the characteristics of the different materials need to be studied before a reasonable selection of the material can be made. This article reviews the artificial bone materials that have been studied so far, including metals, inorganic nonmetallic materials, polymers, and composites. Their advantages, disadvantages, and development status undergo comprehensive analysis, and the basis for future material selection is provided. An examination of publications shows that the future trend in developing bone materials for treating bone defects is to combine the above-mentioned materials with growth factors and bioactive proteins. This article may be helpful for choosing the right materials.

The preparation of controllable micro/nano structures on the surface of the bredigite scaffold is expected to exhibit the same support and osteoconductive capabilities as living bone. However, the hydrophobicity of the white calciμm silicate scaffold surface restricts the adhesion and spreading of osteoblasts. Furthermore, during the degradation process of the bredigite scaffold, the release of Ca²⁺ results in an alkaline environment around the scaffold, which inhibits the growth of osteoblasts. In this study, the three-dimensional geometry of the Primitive surface in the three-periodic minimal surface with an average curvature of 0 was used as the basis for the scaffold unit cell, and a white hydroxyapatite scaffold was fabricated via photopolymerization-based 3D printing. Nanoparticles, microparticles, and micro-sheet structures with thicknesses of 6 μm, 24 μm, and 42 μm, respectively, were prepared on the surface of the porous scaffold through a hydrothermal reaction. The results of the study indicate that the micro/nano surface did not affect the morphology and mineralization ability of the macroporous scaffold. However, the transition from hydrophobic to hydrophilic resulted in a rougher surface and an increase in compressive strength from 45 to 59–86 MPa, while the adhesion of the micro/nano structures enhanced the scaffold's ductility. In addition, after 8 days of degradation, the pH of the degradation solution decreased from 8.6 to around 7.6, which is more suitable for cell growth in the hμman body. However, there were issues of slow degradation and high P element concentration in the degradation solution for the microscale layer group during the degradation process, so the nanoparticle and microparticle group scaffolds could provide effective support and a suitable environment for bone tissue repair.