Water polo is a popular water-based contact sport that involves swimming, throwing and defending. Cumulatively, these repetitive overhead activities are thought to increase the risk of shoulder injury and, subsequently to affect players' physical conditioning as well as team performance. The purpose of this review was to examine available evidence relating to shoulder injury rates and risk factors for shoulder injury in water polo. Systematic review METHODS: CINAHL, AUSPORT, Pubmed, Pedro and SPORTDiscus databases were searched for original research papers using the predefined terms ("water polo") AND (shoulder OR glenohumeral* OR arm OR "upper limb"). Twenty papers were identified as suitable for inclusion. Reported shoulder injury rates varied from 24% - 51%. Shoulder injuries were more likely to become chronic compared to all other reported injuries. Injury data during the last three World Championships indicates an increasing rate of shoulder injuries-per-year with participation in aquatic sports. Risk for shoulder injury in water polo is multi-factorial. Volume of shooting, range of motion, scapular dyskinesis, strength imbalance, proprioceptive deficit and altered throwing kinematics have been proposed to be associated with an increased risk of injury. Although this review showed water polo to have a high propensity for shoulder injury, the descriptive nature of the included papers limited the inferences that could be drawn from the pooled literature. Future directions for research include collecting normative data for shoulder range of motion, strength ratio and proprioception with prospective analysis of these attributes in relation to injury rates and time lost.

The burden associated with clinical documentation can negatively impact patient care and job satisfaction amongst allied health professionals (AHPs). Digital scribes based on artificial intelligence (AI) may address these issues, but this has not been evaluated in Australian allied health private practice. Describe perspectives and experiences of AHPs and patients regarding the use of an AI scribe for clinical documentation. Mixed-methods. AHPs completed surveys at baseline, and after 6-weeks and 3-months of using an AI scribe that sought their perspectives about AI and clinical documentation. AHPs invited patients to complete one survey after the AI scribe was used during an appointment. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with a subset of AHPs and patients. 119 AHPs and 157 patients completed the surveys. 15 AHPs and 14 patients were interviewed. There was a significant reduction in time spent doing notes, letters and completing notes out of hours between baseline and 6-weeks and baseline and 3-months but no difference between 6-weeks and 3-months. Burden was significantly less at 3-months compared to baseline. Productivity increased by an average of 5.8 %. From the interviews, four themes described participants' experiences: using the scribe had a positive impact on therapeutic alliance and administrative workload, trust facilitated the use of the scribe and AHPs appreciated the scribe for different aspects of documentation. Although patients were comfortable consenting to the AI scribe being used during their own appointments, some acknowledged that other patients might require additional information about data storage and security to make an informed decision. The use of an AI scribe had a positive impact on AHPs working, and patients seeking care, in Australian allied health private practice.

Wearable sensors are used in gait analysis to obtain spatiotemporal parameters, with gait events serving as critical markers for foot and lower limb movement. Summarizing detection methods is essential, as accurately identifying gait events and phases are key to deriving precise spatiotemporal parameters through wearable technology. However, a clear understanding of how these sensors, particularly angular velocity and acceleration signals within inertial measurement units, individually or collectively, contribute to the detection of gait events and gait phases is lacking. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the application for both gyroscopes, with particular emphasis on the role of angular velocity signals, and inertial measurement units with both angular velocity and acceleration signals in identifying gait events, gait phases, and calculating gait spatiotemporal parameters. Gyroscopes remain the primary tool for gait events detection, while inertia measurement units enhance reliability and enable spatiotemporal parameter estimation. Rule-based methods are suitable for controlled environments, whereas machine learning offers flexibility to analyze complex gait conditions. In addition, there is a lack of consensus on optimal sensor configurations for clinical applications. Future research should focus on standardizing sensor configurations and developing robust, adaptable detection methodologies suitable for different gait conditions.

To explore how uncertainty plays out in low back pain (LBP) care and investigate how clinicians manage accompanying emotions/tensions.We conducted ethnographic observations of clinical encounters i...