Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered a chronic and debilitating neurological illness that is increasingly impacting older-age populations. Some proteins, including clusterin (CLU or apolipoprotein J) transporter, can be linked to AD, causing oxidative stress. Therefore, its activity can affect various functions involving complement system inactivation, lipid transport, chaperone activity, neuronal transmission, and cellular survival pathways. This transporter is known to bind to the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, which is the major pathogenic factor of AD. On the other hand, this transporter is also active at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a barrier that prevents harmful substances from entering and exiting the brain. Therefore, in this review, we discuss and emphasize the role of the CLU transporter and CLU-linked molecular mechanisms at the BBB interface in the pathogenesis of AD.

Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is considered as a novel target for multiple types of cancer drugs for the upregulation in tumor, cell prefoliation, and cell migration. During aerobic glycolysis, PGAM1 plays a critical role in cancer cell metabolism by catalyzing the conversion of 3‐phosphoglycerate (3PG) to 2‐phosphoglycerate (2PG). In this computational‐based study, the molecular docking approach was used with the best binding active sites of PGAM1 to screen 5,000 Chinese medicinal phytochemical library. The docking results were three ligands with docking score, RMSD‐refine, and residues. Docking scores were ‐16.57, ‐15.22, and ‐15.74. RMSD values were 0.87, 2.40, and 0.98, and binding site residues were Arg 191, Arg 191, Arg 116, Arg 90, Arg 10, and Tyr 92. The best compounds were subjected to ADMETsar, ProTox‐2 server, and Molinspiration analysis to evaluate the toxicological and drug likeliness potential of such selected compounds. The UCSF‐Chimera tool was used to visualize the results, which shows that the three medicinal compounds named N‐Nitrosohexamethyleneimine, Subtrifloralactone‐K, and Kanzonol‐N in chain‐A were successfully binding with the active pockets of PGAM1. The study might facilitate identifying the hit molecules that could be beneficial in the development of antidrugs against various types of cancer treatment. These hit phytochemicals could be beneficial for further investigation of a novel target for cancer.

Epigenetic modifications play a vital role in gene regulation associated with different pathologies. Various nutrients in our diet, such as vitamins can modulate these epigenetic mechanism. They also can regulatenderlying pathophysiological factors and processes that directly or indirectly. Most importantly, A, B, C, and D vitamins have recently been shown to be involved in this type of regulation together with vitamins E and K. Despite their effect on the DNA methylation process, an in-depth understanding of vitamin-mediated epigenetic alterations have yet to be investigated. Moreover, the role of vitamins in DNA methylation as nutraceuticals might be important to use for targeted therapy of various human diseases. Overall, this review provides a brief survey of the role of vitamins as epigenetic modulators or nutraceuticals, emphasizing their potential in epigenetic therapy.