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This research studies the properties of mortars incorporating waste materials including red mud (RM), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), and electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced with equal contents of RM, GGBFS, and EAFD at different ratios by weight (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). Slump, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, electrical resistivity, water absorption, resistance to freeze–thaw cycles, and durability under sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid attacks were investigated. Moreover, the microstructure of mortars cured in tap water and exposed to sulphuric acid was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Cement replacement up to 20% led to a slight increase in compressive strength at 7, 28, and 120 days, while the results of durability tests showed that only up to 10% cement substitution could improve the durability of the mortar. A microstructural analysis showed that small waste grain portions in the matrix improved the whole mix density and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between aggregates and paste. The results of this study showed that there is an optimum replacement ratio of about 10%, beyond which the incorporation of these waste powders can cause degradation of concrete properties.
Javad Sabzi; Elyas Asadi Shamsabadi; Mansour Ghalehnovi; S. Hadigheh; Ali Khodabakhshian; Jorge Brito. Mechanical and Durability Properties of Mortars Incorporating Red Mud, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, and Electric Arc Furnace Dust. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 4110 .
AMA StyleJavad Sabzi, Elyas Asadi Shamsabadi, Mansour Ghalehnovi, S. Hadigheh, Ali Khodabakhshian, Jorge Brito. Mechanical and Durability Properties of Mortars Incorporating Red Mud, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, and Electric Arc Furnace Dust. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):4110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavad Sabzi; Elyas Asadi Shamsabadi; Mansour Ghalehnovi; S. Hadigheh; Ali Khodabakhshian; Jorge Brito. 2021. "Mechanical and Durability Properties of Mortars Incorporating Red Mud, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, and Electric Arc Furnace Dust." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 4110.
Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) is a common method to install fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets using surface preparation approach. In recent years, a new method called Externally Bonded Reinforcement on Grooves (EBROG) has been introduced as an alternative to the EBR method to strengthen reinforced concrete (RC) beams. In the present study, eight RC beams with 250 mm width, 300 mm depth, and 2200 mm length with two different longitudinal reinforcement arrangements were cast and subjected to the four-point bending test. The specimens were divided into two groups of four specimens according to their strengthening technique, namely EBR and EBROG methods. In addition to the strengthening method, the effects of reinforcement arrangement and concrete strength were investigated. The results show normal strength concrete (NSC) beams strengthened with EBR and EBROG methods experience FRP debonding and concrete cover separation failure modes, respectively. On the other hand, in high strength concrete (HSC) beams both EBR and EBROG methods lead to FRP debonding failure mode. The results also show that the use of the EBROG method in the HSC specimens results in a substantial increase in the ultimate load-carrying capacity, mid-span deflection, and the area under the load-deflection curve up to the maximum load capacity compared to the EBR method. Finally, the comparison between load-carrying capacity obtained from the experimental tests and different analytical models are presented in the study.
Javad Sabzi; M. Reza Esfahani; Togay Ozbakkaloglu; Behrouz Farahi. Effect of concrete strength and longitudinal reinforcement arrangement on the performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using EBR and EBROG methods. Engineering Structures 2020, 205, 110072 .
AMA StyleJavad Sabzi, M. Reza Esfahani, Togay Ozbakkaloglu, Behrouz Farahi. Effect of concrete strength and longitudinal reinforcement arrangement on the performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using EBR and EBROG methods. Engineering Structures. 2020; 205 ():110072.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavad Sabzi; M. Reza Esfahani; Togay Ozbakkaloglu; Behrouz Farahi. 2020. "Effect of concrete strength and longitudinal reinforcement arrangement on the performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using EBR and EBROG methods." Engineering Structures 205, no. : 110072.
This paper investigates the flexural behavior, deflection, and cracking of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars. For this purpose, 20 simply supported concrete beams with the cross-section of 250 ×Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran250 mm and length of 2200 mm were constructed and tested. The parameters studied in this research are the amount and arrangement of transverse and flexural reinforcement. The results show that increasing the amount of transverse reinforcement of similar beams results in a significant increase in load-carrying capacity and a decrease in the crack widths and mid-span deflection until service load. Moreover, applying a small-diameter transverse reinforcement under the same reinforcement ratio showed a stronger effect on increasing the load-carrying capacity. Furthermore, using a small-diameter transverse and tensile reinforcement led to a higher effect on decreasing the crack widths. The average experimental-to-predicted load-carrying capacity ratio of beams with high flexural reinforcement ratio is slightly more than that of beams with low flexural reinforcement ratio.
A.M. Mohtaj Khorasani; M. Reza Esfahani; Javad Sabzi. The effect of transverse and flexural reinforcement on deflection and cracking of GFRP bar reinforced concrete beams. Composites Part B: Engineering 2019, 161, 530 -546.
AMA StyleA.M. Mohtaj Khorasani, M. Reza Esfahani, Javad Sabzi. The effect of transverse and flexural reinforcement on deflection and cracking of GFRP bar reinforced concrete beams. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2019; 161 ():530-546.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.M. Mohtaj Khorasani; M. Reza Esfahani; Javad Sabzi. 2019. "The effect of transverse and flexural reinforcement on deflection and cracking of GFRP bar reinforced concrete beams." Composites Part B: Engineering 161, no. : 530-546.