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Dr. Sunil Kumar
Principal Scientist & Head, Waste Reprocessing Division (WRD), CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440 020, India

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Anaerobic Digestion
0 Industrial Wastewater
0 Phytoremediation
0 Solid and hazardous waste management
0 Ecology and environmental engineering

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Anaerobic Digestion
Phytoremediation
Industrial Wastewater

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Editorial
Published: 27 July 2021 in Environmental Chemistry Letters
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ACS Style

Deblina Dutta; Shashi Arya; Sunil Kumar; Eric Lichtfouse. Electronic waste pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental Chemistry Letters 2021, 1 -4.

AMA Style

Deblina Dutta, Shashi Arya, Sunil Kumar, Eric Lichtfouse. Electronic waste pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2021; ():1-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deblina Dutta; Shashi Arya; Sunil Kumar; Eric Lichtfouse. 2021. "Electronic waste pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic." Environmental Chemistry Letters , no. : 1-4.

Review article
Published: 14 July 2021 in Bioresource Technology
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Worldwide, heavy metals pollution is mostly caused by rapid population growth and industrial development which is accumulated in food webs causing a serious public health risk. Endophytic microorganisms have a variety of mechanisms for metal sequestration having metal biosorption capacities. Endophytic organisms like bacteria and fungi provide beneficial qualities that help plants to improve their health, reduce stress, and detoxify metals. Endophytes have a higher proclivity for improving metal and mineral solubility by cells that secrete low-molecular-weight organic acids and metal-specific ligands like siderophores, which change the pH of the soil and improve binding activity. Protein-related approaches like chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA test) can represent endophytic bacterial community and DNA-protein interactions during metal reduction. This review explored the role of endophytes in bioremediation approaches that can help in analyzing the potential and prospects in response to industrial effluents' detoxification.

ACS Style

Pooja Sharma; Sunil Kumar. Bioremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluents by endophytes and their metabolic activity: Recent advances. Bioresource Technology 2021, 339, 125589 .

AMA Style

Pooja Sharma, Sunil Kumar. Bioremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluents by endophytes and their metabolic activity: Recent advances. Bioresource Technology. 2021; 339 ():125589.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pooja Sharma; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Bioremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluents by endophytes and their metabolic activity: Recent advances." Bioresource Technology 339, no. : 125589.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2021 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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This study investigates the effect of two different iron compounds (zero-valent iron nanoparticle: nZVI and iron oxide nanoparticles: nIO) and pH on fermentative biohydrogen production from molasses-based distillery wastewater. The nZVI and nIO of optimum particle sizes of 50 nm and 55 nm respectively were synthesized and applied for fermentative hydrogen (H2) production. The addition of nIO & nZVI at (0.7 g/L, pH: 6) resulted in the highest H2 yield, H2 production rate, H2 content and COD reduction. Moreover, the kinetic parameters of H2 production potential (P) and H2 production rate (Rm) increased to 387 mL, and 22.2 mL/h, respectively for nZVI, these values were 363 mL and 21.8 mL/h for nIO. The results obtained indicated the positive effect of nZVI and nIO addition on enhanced fermentative H2 production. The addition of nZVI & nIO resulted in 71% and 69.4% enhancement in biohydrogen production respectively.

ACS Style

Sameena Naaz Malik; Rena; Sunil Kumar. Enhancement effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticle and iron oxide nanoparticles on dark fermentative hydrogen production from molasses-based distillery wastewater. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2021, 46, 29812 -29821.

AMA Style

Sameena Naaz Malik, Rena, Sunil Kumar. Enhancement effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticle and iron oxide nanoparticles on dark fermentative hydrogen production from molasses-based distillery wastewater. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021; 46 (58):29812-29821.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sameena Naaz Malik; Rena; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Enhancement effect of zero-valent iron nanoparticle and iron oxide nanoparticles on dark fermentative hydrogen production from molasses-based distillery wastewater." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 58: 29812-29821.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2021 in Process Safety and Environmental Protection
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Unempirical E-waste urban mining is beleaguered as a potential threat to the environment and human health. India is intensely imperiled as a chaotic region for approximately 95 % of immature E-waste recycling among which Delhi is the foremost hub. A field study at active E-waste recycling sites in Delhi was carried out to estimate the soil contamination due to the release of toxic elements in the vicinity areas. The geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, and ecological risk indicated that the soil was contaminated with the metals like Pb (1569.9), Cd (2.41), Zn (675.89), Ni (61.02), Cu (3846.8), & Al (9864.2) mg/kg, and Pb (2627.94), Al (8123.6 Cu (4108.7), Zn (354.18), & Cd (3.56) mg/kg which exceeded the threshold limit of WHO, respectively at both the acid leaching and open burning areas of E-waste recycling sites. For effective E-waste management at the informal E-waste recycling sites requires a cost-effective and environment-friendly treatment method. The results of the present study show the higher soil contamination due to the presence of heavy metals. Hence, there is a dire need for taking immediate actions and control measures by the policymakers and decision-makers and adopt scientific methods toward restricting the migration of metals into the surroundings. Phytoremediation and bioremediation are highly recommended to curb the accumulation of hazardous materials at the contaminated sites.

ACS Style

Shashi Arya; Rahul Rautela; Digambar Chavan; Sunil Kumar. Evaluation of soil contamination due to crude E-waste recycling activities in the capital city of India. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2021, 152, 641 -653.

AMA Style

Shashi Arya, Rahul Rautela, Digambar Chavan, Sunil Kumar. Evaluation of soil contamination due to crude E-waste recycling activities in the capital city of India. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2021; 152 ():641-653.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shashi Arya; Rahul Rautela; Digambar Chavan; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Evaluation of soil contamination due to crude E-waste recycling activities in the capital city of India." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 152, no. : 641-653.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2021 in Chemosphere
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Rapid urbanization and industrialization have inextricably linked to water consumption and wastewater generation. Mining resources from industrial wastewater has proved to be an excellent source of secondary raw materials i.e., proficient for providing economic and financial benefits, clean and sustainable resilient environment, and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). Treatment of industrial wastewater for reusable resources has become a tedious task for decision-makers due to several bottlenecks and barriers, such as inefficient treatment options, high-cost expenditure, poor infrastructure, lack of financial support, and technical know-how. Most of the existing methods are conventional and fails to provide an economic benefit to the industries and have certain disadvantages. Also, the untreated industrial wastewater is discharged into the open drains, lakes, and rivers that lead to environmental pollution and severe health hazards. This paper has consolidated information about the current trends, opportunities, bottlenecks, and best practices associated with wastewater treatment and scope for the advancement in the existing technologies. Along with the efficient resource recovery, the wastewater could be ideally explored in the development of value-added materials, energy, and product recovery. The concepts, such as the circular economy (CE), partitions-release-recover (PRR), and transforming wastewater into bio factory are anticipated to be more convenient options to tackle the industrial wastewater menace.

ACS Style

Deblina Dutta; Shashi Arya; Sunil Kumar. Industrial wastewater treatment: Current trends, bottlenecks, and best practices. Chemosphere 2021, 285, 131245 .

AMA Style

Deblina Dutta, Shashi Arya, Sunil Kumar. Industrial wastewater treatment: Current trends, bottlenecks, and best practices. Chemosphere. 2021; 285 ():131245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deblina Dutta; Shashi Arya; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Industrial wastewater treatment: Current trends, bottlenecks, and best practices." Chemosphere 285, no. : 131245.

Review
Published: 17 June 2021 in Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing
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Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms that have been recently attracted potential interests and have applications in food, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, animal feed, cosmetics, and biofertilizers industry. Microalgae are rich in a variety of high-value bioactive compounds which have potential benefits on human health and can be used for the prevention and curing of many disease conditions. But scale-up and safety issues remain a major challenge in the commercialization of microalgal products in a cost-effective manner. However, techniques have been developed to overcome these challenges and successfully selling the products derived from microalgae as food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Microalgae are rich in many nutrients and can be used for the production of functional food and nutraceuticals, safety and regulatory issues are major concerns and extensive research is still needed to make microalgae a commercial success in the future. Many practical difficulties are involved in making the microalgal food industry commercially viable. The present review focuses on the industrial applications of microalgae and the challenges faced during commercial production.

ACS Style

Aswathy Udayan; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Pooja Sharma; Nidhin Sreekumar; Sunil Kumar. Emerging industrial applications of microalgae: challenges and future perspectives. Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021, 1 -21.

AMA Style

Aswathy Udayan, Ashutosh Kumar Pandey, Pooja Sharma, Nidhin Sreekumar, Sunil Kumar. Emerging industrial applications of microalgae: challenges and future perspectives. Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing. 2021; ():1-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aswathy Udayan; Ashutosh Kumar Pandey; Pooja Sharma; Nidhin Sreekumar; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Emerging industrial applications of microalgae: challenges and future perspectives." Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing , no. : 1-21.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2021 in Bioresource Technology
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The present work was envisaged to design, fabricate, and evaluate the performance of rapid in-house composters (RICs) for composting of organic wastes comprising kitchen waste and brown waste with fly ash supplementation in the fixed combination. The prime objective of the present study was to evaluate the ideal operating temperature suitable for rapid action of pro-composting microorganisms in indigenously developed RIC. Four identical RICs were exposed to temperatures of 40 ℃, 45 ℃, 55 ℃, and 65 ℃, respectively. The factors governing the composting process were regulated through specifically designed components. Qualitative parameters like pH, moisture content (MC), C/N ratio and heavy metals were analyzed at regular intervals. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the obtained results. The RIC with 55 ℃ temperature exposure, 70% MC for nine days and aeration at 4 L per minute exhibited the best results with 15.13C/N ratios of compost.

ACS Style

Ashootosh Mandpe; Lakshay Tyagi; Sonam Paliya; Smita Chaudhry; Ankit Motghare; Sunil Kumar. Rapid-in-house composting of organic solid wastes with fly ash supplementation: Performance evaluation at thermophilic exposures. Bioresource Technology 2021, 337, 125386 .

AMA Style

Ashootosh Mandpe, Lakshay Tyagi, Sonam Paliya, Smita Chaudhry, Ankit Motghare, Sunil Kumar. Rapid-in-house composting of organic solid wastes with fly ash supplementation: Performance evaluation at thermophilic exposures. Bioresource Technology. 2021; 337 ():125386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ashootosh Mandpe; Lakshay Tyagi; Sonam Paliya; Smita Chaudhry; Ankit Motghare; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Rapid-in-house composting of organic solid wastes with fly ash supplementation: Performance evaluation at thermophilic exposures." Bioresource Technology 337, no. : 125386.

Research article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Environmental Technology
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A tremendous increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation and its poor management is observed in almost all the developing countries. Landfilling, though undesirable, is an unavoidable disposal option with leachate generation and landfill gas (LFG) emissions as its major inescapable consequences. To evade these dismal outcomes of waste contentment, plant-soil based cover options are being studied widely. In the present study, an attempt was made to employ locally available plants for the phytoremediation of landfills. The experimental set-up was designed using 100 kg of MSW which was laid over with a thin soil layer of 30 cm. The efficiency of the laboratory-scale experimental set-up of 1 m3 volume was assessed in terms of trace element remediation and LFG oxidation. The initial and final parameters were finally assessed and compared. Plant species were found to develop a strong root zone, thereby reducing the infiltration of water into the waste mass. The present study showed a reduction in LFG emissions of 11.12%, 54.38%, and 32.12% in the deep zone, root zone, and topsoil zone, respectively. Furthermore, the study of the microbes, influencing soil chemical characteristics, could be helpful for designing an appropriate phytocover under diverse climatic conditions of India. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

ACS Style

Abhishek Khapre; Sadaf Aiman Khan; Sunil Kumar. A laboratory-scale phytocover system for municipal solid waste landfills. Environmental Technology 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Abhishek Khapre, Sadaf Aiman Khan, Sunil Kumar. A laboratory-scale phytocover system for municipal solid waste landfills. Environmental Technology. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abhishek Khapre; Sadaf Aiman Khan; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "A laboratory-scale phytocover system for municipal solid waste landfills." Environmental Technology , no. : 1-12.

Review
Published: 14 May 2021 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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Microbe-induced remediation of toxic metals has attained more research interests by implementing the bioremediation process for sustainable development. Heavy metals are known to be naturally occurring elements, but they are released in vast quantities into different environmental sources due to anthropogenic activity. Metals are persisting and non-biodegradable, which can enter the food chain via crop plants, and might accumulate in the animal body through biomagnification. At the molecular level, microbial treatment of metals provides an excellent and new perspective for the prevention of environmental pollution. Novel bioremediation organisms provide excellent and new perspectives through their specific biodegradation mechanisms at the molecular level. All DNA found within the metagenomic analysis of a populated environment includes several screening approaches that might be used to simplify the processing and examination of specific genomic information in bioremediation experiments. Development in next-generation sequencing (NGS) demands detailed metagenomic analysis of environmental microbes offering unparalleled perspectives through key biosorption mechanisms. The present review explored how the metagenomic approaches could help in analyzing the functional and structural characteristics of microbial communities in response to metal detoxification.

ACS Style

Pooja Sharma; Sunil Kumar; Ashok Pandey. Bioremediated techniques for remediation of metal pollutants using metagenomics approaches: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105684 .

AMA Style

Pooja Sharma, Sunil Kumar, Ashok Pandey. Bioremediated techniques for remediation of metal pollutants using metagenomics approaches: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (4):105684.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pooja Sharma; Sunil Kumar; Ashok Pandey. 2021. "Bioremediated techniques for remediation of metal pollutants using metagenomics approaches: A review." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 4: 105684.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2021 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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Leachate generated due to disposal industrial solid waste into common hazardous waste landfills (HWLs), has high potential to contaminate nearby soil and groundwater and hence its catchment and treatment are crucial for sustainable solid waste management. This research is emphasised on creating an extensive data set generated from analysing three hazardous waste landfills of age 2-year, 11-year and 20-year for a duration of one year to characterise the leachate and to create an in-depth understanding about the effect of landfill age and seasonal variation on leachate characteristics. Results in the form of descriptive statistics showed the simultaneous occurrence of high chemical oxygen demand (COD) (up to 35,000 mg/l) and high concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) (up to 3,00,000 mg/l), ammoniacal nitrogen (up to 2300 mg/l) and heavy metals. Statistical analysis through ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis indicated that the age of landfill significantly affects the leachate characteristics and for most of the parameters, the concentrations were found to increase till middle age and then subside towards maturity of landfill. In contrast to this, for seasonal variation, less significant influence was observed on the leachate characteristics. Although the concentration of different parameters was found to vary every month, no specific pattern or effect on seasonal variation could be traced from the data.

ACS Style

Pratibha Gautam; Sunil Kumar. Characterisation of Hazardous Waste Landfill Leachate and its Reliance on Landfill Age and Seasonal Variation: A Statistical Approach. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105496 .

AMA Style

Pratibha Gautam, Sunil Kumar. Characterisation of Hazardous Waste Landfill Leachate and its Reliance on Landfill Age and Seasonal Variation: A Statistical Approach. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (4):105496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pratibha Gautam; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Characterisation of Hazardous Waste Landfill Leachate and its Reliance on Landfill Age and Seasonal Variation: A Statistical Approach." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 4: 105496.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2021 in Environmental Pollution
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Waste residues and acidic effluents (post-processing of E-waste) released into the local surroundings cause perilous environmental threats and potential risks to human health. Only limited research and information are available toward the sustainable management of waste residues generated post resource recovery of E-waste components. In the present study, the manual processing of obsolete computer (keyboard, monitor, CPU, and mouse) and chemical leaching of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) (motherboard, hard drive, DVD drive, and power supply) were performed for urban mining. The toxicity characteristics of typical pollutants in the residues of the WPCBs (post chemical leaching) were studied by toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) test. Manual dismantling techniques resulted in an efficient urban mining concept with an overall average profit estimation of INR 2513.73/US$ 34.59. The chemical leaching of WPCBs showed a high concentration of metal leaching like Cu (229662 ± 575.3 mg/kg) and Pb (36785.67±13.07 mg/kg) in the motherboard after stripping epoxy coating. The toxicity test revealed that the concentration of Cu (245.746 ± 0.016 mg/l) in the treated waste residue and Cu (430.746 ± 0.0015 mg/l) and Pb (182.09 ± 0.0035 mg/l) in the non-treated waste residue exceeded the threshold limit. The concentrations of other elements As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ag, Mn, Zn, Ni, Fe, Se, and In were within the permissible limit. Hence, the waste residue stands non-hazardous except Cu and Pb. Stripping out the epoxy coating of WPCBs enhances the metal leaching concentrations. The study highlighted that efficient and appropriate E-waste urban mining has immense potential in tracing the waste scrap into secondary resources. This study also emphasized that the final processed waste residue (left unattended or discarded due to lack of appropriate skill and technology) can be taken into consideration and exploited for value-added materials.

ACS Style

Shashi Arya; Aneri Patel; Sunil Kumar; S.H.O.W. Pau-Loke. Urban mining of obsolete computers by manual dismantling and waste printed circuit boards by chemical leaching and toxicity assessment of its waste residues. Environmental Pollution 2021, 283, 117033 .

AMA Style

Shashi Arya, Aneri Patel, Sunil Kumar, S.H.O.W. Pau-Loke. Urban mining of obsolete computers by manual dismantling and waste printed circuit boards by chemical leaching and toxicity assessment of its waste residues. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 283 ():117033.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shashi Arya; Aneri Patel; Sunil Kumar; S.H.O.W. Pau-Loke. 2021. "Urban mining of obsolete computers by manual dismantling and waste printed circuit boards by chemical leaching and toxicity assessment of its waste residues." Environmental Pollution 283, no. : 117033.

Review article
Published: 25 March 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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The overuse, misuse, and underuse of antibiotics tend to increase the antibiotic burden in the environment resulting into the evolution in microbial community to possess resistance that renders antibiotics ineffective against them. The current review recapitulates the present state of knowledge about the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in various environmental matrices. Also, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria/antibiotic-resistant genes (ARB/ARGs) in various biological and non-biological systems, eco-toxicity of antibiotics on non-target organisms, and remediation methods for antibiotics and ARB/ARGs removal were critically reviewed. Furthermore, a comparison of various technologies for their efficiency to eliminate antibiotic residues and ARB/ARGs is made. The study identified gaps in the investigation of toxic effects of low concentration of antibiotics and the mixture of multiple antibiotics on non-target organisms. The study of antibiotics’ phytotoxicity and toxicity towards sediment and soil-dwelling organisms are also recognized as a knowledge gap. The review also details policies implemented across the globe to fight against antibiotic resistance, and the scarcity of data on lab to land transferred remediation technology was identified. The present study entails a critical review of literature providing guidelines for the articulation of policies for prudent use of antibiotics, limits on the amount of antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations, and regular surveillance in the Indian context.

ACS Style

Sakina Bombaywala; Ashootosh Mandpe; Sonam Paliya; Sunil Kumar. Antibiotic resistance in the environment: a critical insight on its occurrence, fate, and eco-toxicity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 24889 -24916.

AMA Style

Sakina Bombaywala, Ashootosh Mandpe, Sonam Paliya, Sunil Kumar. Antibiotic resistance in the environment: a critical insight on its occurrence, fate, and eco-toxicity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (20):24889-24916.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sakina Bombaywala; Ashootosh Mandpe; Sonam Paliya; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Antibiotic resistance in the environment: a critical insight on its occurrence, fate, and eco-toxicity." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 20: 24889-24916.

Research article
Published: 12 March 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Combustion stands as one of the essential methods in resource recovery for disposal of distillery sludge. In this study, sludge along with coal has been considered an option for co-combustion in the grate furnace aiming for further application as a boiler fuel. Detailed analysis was carried out to verify the feasibility of co-combustion of sludge with coal. Distillery sludge was blended with coal as a mixed fuel at co-combustion ratios of 20%, 30%, and 40% in grate furnace. The results of the analysis indicated that the combustion with 40% sludge mixed coal is suitable for application as a fuel in boiler. According to the chemical composition of bottom ash, weight loss from 460 to 800°C indicated the presence of C–C and C–H. Also, EDX and XRD analyses of mixed fuel was carried out to determine the mineralogical composition. The presence of quartz (SiO2), mullite (3Al2O32SiO2), and hematite (Fe2O3) present in the ash can be used as mineral additives in cement industries. The study also provided a promising approach towards diverting combustion bottom ash from landfills for its utilization in various industries which can be a possible cost-effective solution.

ACS Style

Lekha Dhote; Ram Avatar Pandey; Anirban Middey; Neelkamal Mandal; Sunil Kumar. Co-combustion of distillery sludge and coal for application in boiler and subsequent utilization of the generated bottom ash. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Lekha Dhote, Ram Avatar Pandey, Anirban Middey, Neelkamal Mandal, Sunil Kumar. Co-combustion of distillery sludge and coal for application in boiler and subsequent utilization of the generated bottom ash. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lekha Dhote; Ram Avatar Pandey; Anirban Middey; Neelkamal Mandal; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Co-combustion of distillery sludge and coal for application in boiler and subsequent utilization of the generated bottom ash." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) films were selected possessing 50 μm, 75 μm, 90 μm and 100 μm thickness and 0.913 g/cm3 density. Physico-chemical and mechanical properties were analysed for testing inherent strength of the material. It was noted that 90 μm films possess low tensile strength with 14.491 MPa and showed highest value for Young’s Modulus with 176.213 MPa. Apart from these properties, other substantial parameters, such as Total Solids (TS), Moisture Content (MC), Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Content, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulphur (CHNS) content and Heavy metal content were also determined for observing the behavioural responses and structural configuration of the material. Films were then exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiations for identifying photo-oxidative potential to enhance the rate of degradation of LDPE. To assess structural and morphological changes, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX/EDS) analysis were performed. Characteristic functional groups identified by FTIR where H-C=O, -C=O and -C-O stretches were in the band range of 2700-2664, 1780-1665, 1260-1035 cm-1. Significant changes were observed after applied pre-treatment when films were irradiated under UV source in designed UV chamber. As polymer degradation is one of the emerging fields, current paper emphasized the role of primary characterization and necessity of polymer pre-treatment in the field of LDPE degradation.

ACS Style

Rucha V. Moharir; Sunil Kumar. Structural characterization of LDPE films to analyse the impact of heavy metals and effect of UV pre-treatment on polymer degradation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 298, 126670 .

AMA Style

Rucha V. Moharir, Sunil Kumar. Structural characterization of LDPE films to analyse the impact of heavy metals and effect of UV pre-treatment on polymer degradation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 298 ():126670.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rucha V. Moharir; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Structural characterization of LDPE films to analyse the impact of heavy metals and effect of UV pre-treatment on polymer degradation." Journal of Cleaner Production 298, no. : 126670.

Review article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Challenges in managing electronic waste (E-waste) arise from a lack of technical skills, poor infrastructure, inadequate financial support, and inactive community engagement. This study provides a systematic review of efforts to overcome these challenges in the context of inappropriate recycling protocols of E-waste and their toxic effects on human health and the environment. An inventory of end-of-life electronic products, which can be established through the creation of an environment friendly regulatory regime for recycling, is essential for the proper control of E-waste. An approach has been articulated to help implement effective management of E-waste in both developed and developing countries. Enforcement of systematic management measures for E-waste in developing countries coupled with best practices is expected to minimize adverse impacts while helping maintain a sustainable and resilient environment.

ACS Style

Rahul Rautela; Shashi Arya; Shilpa Vishwakarma; Jechan Lee; Ki-Hyun Kim; Sunil Kumar. E-waste management and its effects on the environment and human health. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 773, 145623 .

AMA Style

Rahul Rautela, Shashi Arya, Shilpa Vishwakarma, Jechan Lee, Ki-Hyun Kim, Sunil Kumar. E-waste management and its effects on the environment and human health. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 773 ():145623.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rahul Rautela; Shashi Arya; Shilpa Vishwakarma; Jechan Lee; Ki-Hyun Kim; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "E-waste management and its effects on the environment and human health." Science of The Total Environment 773, no. : 145623.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021 in Energy
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Co-combustion of coal with distillery sludge waste (DSW) was investigated in a laboratory-scale Drop Tube Furnace (DTF) plant. This study examined the feasibility of combustion of sludge with coal using preliminary testing methods, such as thermogravimetric, ultimate and proximate analysis followed by combustion experiments. These methods helped to identify burnout efficiency, emitted pollutants, and metal constituents in the bottom/fly ash. The ratios of coal to DSW in the feed was 90:10%, 95:5%, 98:2% and 100:0% by dry weight basis. The vibrator feeder and airflow rate were set at the rate of 1.5 kg/h and 150 L/min with slightly negative pressure. The concentration of gases (i.e. nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon mono-oxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC)) and particulate matter (PM) on DSW combustion was measured and compared with the combustion of coal. The pattern of gaseous emission and combustion efficiency showed high degree linear combinations through Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The decrease in the concentration of PM (76.67 ± 10.41 mg/m3 to 91.33 ± 17.62 mg/m3) and SO2 (444 ± 20.63 mg/m3 to 156.60 ± 12.26 mg/m3), increase in the concentration of NOx (136 ± 15.41 mg/m3 to 387 ± 15.2 mg/m3) and CO (26.15 ± 5.36 mg/m3 to 824.32 ± 43.70 mg/m3), unburnt carbon percentage in the fly ash, and clinker formation were taken into account to optimum the sludge proportion in the DTF under a given set of combustion conditions. Most importantly, an increase in sludge quantity (i.e. 2%, 5%, and 10%) showed a decrease in the burnout efficiency (98.41%, 95.91%, and 92.6%, respectively).

ACS Style

Prashik Manwatkar; Lekha Dhote; Ram Avtar Pandey; Anirban Middey; Sunil Kumar. Combustion of distillery sludge mixed with coal in a drop tube furnace and emission characteristics. Energy 2021, 221, 119871 .

AMA Style

Prashik Manwatkar, Lekha Dhote, Ram Avtar Pandey, Anirban Middey, Sunil Kumar. Combustion of distillery sludge mixed with coal in a drop tube furnace and emission characteristics. Energy. 2021; 221 ():119871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prashik Manwatkar; Lekha Dhote; Ram Avtar Pandey; Anirban Middey; Sunil Kumar. 2021. "Combustion of distillery sludge mixed with coal in a drop tube furnace and emission characteristics." Energy 221, no. : 119871.

Review article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Electronic waste is a secondary source of valuable and precious metals. In recent trends, urban mining of these metals has received significant attention due to its profitable prospects, extended business opportunity, source of livelihood and ultimately achieving agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030. At the same time, the significant E-waste turns out to be an overwhelming challenge due to the presence of toxic chemical substances. The colossal E-waste generation has created multi-dimensional challenges over existing treatment options with its deleterious impacts on human health and environment. Most of the developed countries are having potential E-waste management technologies, technical knowhow and well-established system boundary. However, the case is not the same with the developing countries due to several challenges and lack of relevant strategies. Lack of data inventorization, illegal dumping, and non-availability of treatment options are the major challenges affecting the entire E-waste value chain in India. Hence, this paper deals with the strategic interventions conforming existing regulations which are crucial for a sustainable E-waste value chain, secured resources, societal well-being, reduced environmental impacts and overall sustainable development. Furthermore, relevant strategies i.e., eco-product design, circular resource management, extended producer responsibility, polluter pays' principle, life cycle assessment, 4R principle and bioleaching were identified and discussed as a future direction for Indian context. Formalizing the informal sector into a transparent recycling system is crucial which is highly recommended.

ACS Style

Shashi Arya; Sunil Kumar. E-waste in India at a glance: Current trends, regulations, challenges and management strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 271, 122707 .

AMA Style

Shashi Arya, Sunil Kumar. E-waste in India at a glance: Current trends, regulations, challenges and management strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 271 ():122707.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shashi Arya; Sunil Kumar. 2020. "E-waste in India at a glance: Current trends, regulations, challenges and management strategies." Journal of Cleaner Production 271, no. : 122707.

Editorial
Published: 29 June 2020 in Bioresource Technology
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ACS Style

Rajeev K. Sukumaran; Silvia Bolado Rodriguez; Cheng-Di Dong; Keat Teong Lee; Sunil Kumar. Preface new horizons in biotechnology – NHBT 2019. Bioresource Technology 2020, 313, 123774 .

AMA Style

Rajeev K. Sukumaran, Silvia Bolado Rodriguez, Cheng-Di Dong, Keat Teong Lee, Sunil Kumar. Preface new horizons in biotechnology – NHBT 2019. Bioresource Technology. 2020; 313 ():123774.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rajeev K. Sukumaran; Silvia Bolado Rodriguez; Cheng-Di Dong; Keat Teong Lee; Sunil Kumar. 2020. "Preface new horizons in biotechnology – NHBT 2019." Bioresource Technology 313, no. : 123774.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Functionally modified fly ash zeolite-geopolymeric material was developed as cooling coatings for structural application. The tailored precursor of cool coating materials was obtained through modified grain behavior of zeolite with variable pour morphology and mechanical activation of fly ash followed by geopolymerization with alkaline activator. The modified zeolite was found to possess unique heat management properties through disorderly connected pores. The solar temperature profile showed a temperature variance of 4−6 °C for solar radiation. The samples showed a high solar reflective index (SRI) due to absorbance and less heat retention followed by cooling behavior in the sunshine.

ACS Style

Avneesh Anshul; Afsha Anjum Moinuddin; Amaanuddin M. Azad; Prashant Khera; Kamlesh Dehariya; Hemant Bherwani; Ankit Gupta; Sunil Kumar. Morphologically designed micro porous zeolite-geopolymers as cool coating materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 398, 123022 .

AMA Style

Avneesh Anshul, Afsha Anjum Moinuddin, Amaanuddin M. Azad, Prashant Khera, Kamlesh Dehariya, Hemant Bherwani, Ankit Gupta, Sunil Kumar. Morphologically designed micro porous zeolite-geopolymers as cool coating materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 398 ():123022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Avneesh Anshul; Afsha Anjum Moinuddin; Amaanuddin M. Azad; Prashant Khera; Kamlesh Dehariya; Hemant Bherwani; Ankit Gupta; Sunil Kumar. 2020. "Morphologically designed micro porous zeolite-geopolymers as cool coating materials." Journal of Hazardous Materials 398, no. : 123022.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2020 in Bioresource Technology
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The present study targeted towards the feasibility of various agricultural residues for bio-hythane production by anaerobic digestion (AD) process without pre-treatment. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) analysis was carried out for mixed fruit waste (MFW), mixed vegetable waste (MVW), sugarcane bagasse (SB), rice husk (RH), and wheat straw (WS). The analysis of gas was carried out in gas chromatography with a thermal conductivity detector (GC-TCD). The BMP test results in the study for SB, MFW, and MVW reveal that the average percentage value of bio-hythane production was 53.64%, 43.54%, and 40.92% and that of RH and WS was 16.74% and 29.75%, respectively. The result also shows that agricultural biomass, such as WS and RH produces less % of bio-hythane due to the presence of lignocellulosic components. The main contribution of this study is to highlight the bio-hythane potential with reference to the bio-methane and bio-hydrogen productions from the agricultural residues.

ACS Style

Rena; K. Mohammed Bin Zacharia; Shraddha Yadav; Nitesh Premchand Machhirake; Sang-Hyoun Kim; Byung-Don Lee; Heondo Jeong; Lal Singh; Sunil Kumar; Rakesh Kumar. Bio-hydrogen and bio-methane potential analysis for production of bio-hythane using various agricultural residues. Bioresource Technology 2020, 309, 123297 .

AMA Style

Rena, K. Mohammed Bin Zacharia, Shraddha Yadav, Nitesh Premchand Machhirake, Sang-Hyoun Kim, Byung-Don Lee, Heondo Jeong, Lal Singh, Sunil Kumar, Rakesh Kumar. Bio-hydrogen and bio-methane potential analysis for production of bio-hythane using various agricultural residues. Bioresource Technology. 2020; 309 ():123297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rena; K. Mohammed Bin Zacharia; Shraddha Yadav; Nitesh Premchand Machhirake; Sang-Hyoun Kim; Byung-Don Lee; Heondo Jeong; Lal Singh; Sunil Kumar; Rakesh Kumar. 2020. "Bio-hydrogen and bio-methane potential analysis for production of bio-hythane using various agricultural residues." Bioresource Technology 309, no. : 123297.