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In many countries electric power sector has gone through unbundling. Separating generation, transmission, distribution and retail from the vertically integrated undertakings is a long and complicated process. Each country has its own power sector restructuring story. In this paper we present the restructuring experiences from South Korea and Turkey. Both countries present valuable lessons with some degree of successes and failures in their inspirations. The restructuring process in South Korea has been implemented and it is still going on. The process in Turkey is mostly completed with a result of a competitive generation sector, creation of a publicly owned transmission system operator (TSO) and fully private distribution system operators (DSOs).
Sinan Küfeoğlu; Seung Wan Kim; Young Gyu Jin. History of electric power sector restructuring in South Korea and Turkey. The Electricity Journal 2019, 32, 106666 .
AMA StyleSinan Küfeoğlu, Seung Wan Kim, Young Gyu Jin. History of electric power sector restructuring in South Korea and Turkey. The Electricity Journal. 2019; 32 (10):106666.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Küfeoğlu; Seung Wan Kim; Young Gyu Jin. 2019. "History of electric power sector restructuring in South Korea and Turkey." The Electricity Journal 32, no. 10: 106666.
After its introduction in 2008, increasing Bitcoin prices and a booming number of other cryptocurrencies lead to a growing discussion of how much energy is consumed during the production of these currencies. Being the most expensive and the most popular cryptocurrency, both the business world and the research community have started to question the energy intensity of Bitcoin mining. This paper only focuses on computational power demand during the proof-of-work process rather than estimating the whole energy intensity of mining. We make use of 160GB of Bitcoin blockchain data to estimate the energy consumption and power demand of Bitcoin mining. We considered the performance of 269 different hardware models (CPU, GPU, FPGA, and ASIC). For estimations, we defined two metrics, namely; minimum consumption and maximum consumption. The targeted time span for the analysis was from 3 January 2009 to 5 June 2018. We show that the historical peak of power consumption of Bitcoin mining took place during the bi-weekly period commencing on 18 December 2017 with a demand of between 1.3 and 14.8 GW. This maximum demand figure was between the installed capacities of Finland (∼16 GW) and Denmark (∼14 GW). We also show that, during June 2018, energy consumption of Bitcoin mining from difficulty recalculation was between 15.47 and 50.24 TWh per year.
Sinan Küfeoğlu; Mahmut Özkuran. Bitcoin mining: A global review of energy and power demand. Energy Research & Social Science 2019, 58, 101273 .
AMA StyleSinan Küfeoğlu, Mahmut Özkuran. Bitcoin mining: A global review of energy and power demand. Energy Research & Social Science. 2019; 58 ():101273.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Küfeoğlu; Mahmut Özkuran. 2019. "Bitcoin mining: A global review of energy and power demand." Energy Research & Social Science 58, no. : 101273.
Electric Vehicle (EV) uptake has increased rapidly in the recent years. The rate of EV use is likely to increase in the future as well. At this point, the topic of using EVs for secondary purposes other than mobility and transport is getting more popular. This paper outlines the importance of tariff designs and EV consumer behaviour in achieving the business models such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H). We took the United Kingdom (UK) as a case study country to demonstrate how crucial electricity tariffs and consumer behaviour are.
S. Küfeoğlu; D.A. Melchiorre; K. Kotilainen. Understanding tariff designs and consumer behaviour to employ electric vehicles for secondary purposes in the United Kingdom. The Electricity Journal 2019, 32, 1 -6.
AMA StyleS. Küfeoğlu, D.A. Melchiorre, K. Kotilainen. Understanding tariff designs and consumer behaviour to employ electric vehicles for secondary purposes in the United Kingdom. The Electricity Journal. 2019; 32 (6):1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Küfeoğlu; D.A. Melchiorre; K. Kotilainen. 2019. "Understanding tariff designs and consumer behaviour to employ electric vehicles for secondary purposes in the United Kingdom." The Electricity Journal 32, no. 6: 1-6.
Electric power distribution network charges have become a popular area of study for regulators, industry and academia. Increasing use of photovoltaics (PVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) by domestic customers has created concerns about the fairness of the current tariff structure. Proposing a tariff design, which will be cost reflective, transparent, sustainable, economically efficient is socially desirable. Wealth transfer through electricity distribution tariffs is a major concern for energy regulators. This paper aims to analyse the current distribution network tariffs faced by four main household customer groups in Great Britain (GB) - defined as those who own a PV and an EV, those with EV but no PV, those with PV but no EV and finally those with neither EV nor PV – under various uptake scenarios for EVs and PVs. We illustrate the impact on household tariffs for the most and least expensive GB network operators, namely London Power Networks and Scottish Hydro Electric Power Distribution. The results show that, due to the current network charges calculation structure, as PV penetration increases, the distribution tariffs increase for all customers regardless of whether someone owns a PV or not. On the other hand, as EV penetration increases, the distribution tariffs decrease for all customer groups. Another key finding is that the distribution tariffs in Great Britain are EV dominated and the future EV and PV penetration projections indicate that the distribution tariffs will likely decrease for all customers in Great Britain.
Sinan Küfeoğlu; Michael G. Pollitt. The impact of PVs and EVs on domestic electricity network charges: A case study from Great Britain. Energy Policy 2018, 127, 412 -424.
AMA StyleSinan Küfeoğlu, Michael G. Pollitt. The impact of PVs and EVs on domestic electricity network charges: A case study from Great Britain. Energy Policy. 2018; 127 ():412-424.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Küfeoğlu; Michael G. Pollitt. 2018. "The impact of PVs and EVs on domestic electricity network charges: A case study from Great Britain." Energy Policy 127, no. : 412-424.
Supply reliability is an important factor to be considered when planning and developing modern power distribution systems. If reliability value is expressed in monetary terms, it can be used as one input parameter when optimizing the electrical distribution systems and when developing regulation. This paper analyses the customer interruption cost (CIC) evaluation techniques and presents some results of CIC due to unexpected outages, obtained by different methods. The methods first discussed are customer surveys including direct worth estimation, willingness to pay and willingness to accept methods. As another group of methods, different indirect analytical methods are considered. The cases explored are residential, industrial, commercial and public customers in Finland.
Matti Lehtonen; Niyazi Gunduz; Sinan Küfeoğlu. On the Evaluation of Customers Interruption Costs due to Unexpected Power Outages. 2018 IEEE 59th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) 2018, 1 -4.
AMA StyleMatti Lehtonen, Niyazi Gunduz, Sinan Küfeoğlu. On the Evaluation of Customers Interruption Costs due to Unexpected Power Outages. 2018 IEEE 59th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON). 2018; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatti Lehtonen; Niyazi Gunduz; Sinan Küfeoğlu. 2018. "On the Evaluation of Customers Interruption Costs due to Unexpected Power Outages." 2018 IEEE 59th International Scientific Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering of Riga Technical University (RTUCON) , no. : 1-4.
Basic There is increasing attention on the estimation of the customer interruption costs. The existing studies adopt indirect analytical methods, customer surveys and case studies to evaluate these costs. This paper makes use of two existing cost estimation techniques and suggests a simple and straightforward methodology which will provide sound and reliable estimations in an objective manner by relying solely on publicly available analytical data, The study is based on 78 Finnish Distribution System Operators' 2016 energy and reliability data. In addition, the standard customer compensation scheme in Finland is briefed and the results are compared with the power interruption cost estimations.
Niyazi Gunduz; Sinan Kufeoglu; Matti Lehtonen. Customer Interruption Cost Estimations for Distribution System Operators in Finland. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) 2018, 1 -5.
AMA StyleNiyazi Gunduz, Sinan Kufeoglu, Matti Lehtonen. Customer Interruption Cost Estimations for Distribution System Operators in Finland. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe). 2018; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiyazi Gunduz; Sinan Kufeoglu; Matti Lehtonen. 2018. "Customer Interruption Cost Estimations for Distribution System Operators in Finland." 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) , no. : 1-5.
Increasing distributed generation and intermittencies, along with the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, impose a serious challenge for electric power supply security. Understanding the costs of interruption is vital in terms of enhancing the power system infrastructure and planning the distribution grid. Furthermore, customer rights and demand response techniques are further reasons to study the worth of power reliability. In this paper, the authors make use of directional distance function and shadow pricing methods in a case study of Finland. The aim is to calculate the cost of one minute of power interruption from the perspective of the distribution network operator. The sample consists of 78 distribution network operators from Finland, and uses cost and network information between 2013 and 2015.
Sinan Küfeoğlu; Niyazi Gündüz; Hao Chen; Matti Lehtonen. Shadow Pricing of Electric Power Interruptions for Distribution System Operators in Finland. Energies 2018, 11, 1831 .
AMA StyleSinan Küfeoğlu, Niyazi Gündüz, Hao Chen, Matti Lehtonen. Shadow Pricing of Electric Power Interruptions for Distribution System Operators in Finland. Energies. 2018; 11 (7):1831.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Küfeoğlu; Niyazi Gündüz; Hao Chen; Matti Lehtonen. 2018. "Shadow Pricing of Electric Power Interruptions for Distribution System Operators in Finland." Energies 11, no. 7: 1831.
Estimation of the worth of continuity of electricity supply is of interest of industry, authorities and research society. There are numerous methods to calculate the Customer Interruption Costs (CICs). Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. This paper approaches the problem from Distribution System Operators’ (DSOs) point of view and adopts two existing analytical models. One model is used by the Finnish Energy Market Authority and the second one was proposed by the authors at a previous study. The model suggested by the authors as an alternative to the one used by the Finnish Energy Market Authority proposes a simple and straightforward methodology which will provide credible and objective estimations by only utilizing publicly available analytical data. We made use of cost and reliability indices data of 78 DSOs in Finland from the year 2016. In addition to cost estimations, this paper highlights regional differences in CIC estimations in different parts of Finland and critically overviews the existing standard customer compensation scheme in Finland.
Niyazi Gündüz; Sinan Küfeoğlu; Christian Winzer; Matti Lehtonen. Regional Differences in Economic Impacts of Power Outages in Finland. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleNiyazi Gündüz, Sinan Küfeoğlu, Christian Winzer, Matti Lehtonen. Regional Differences in Economic Impacts of Power Outages in Finland. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiyazi Gündüz; Sinan Küfeoğlu; Christian Winzer; Matti Lehtonen. 2018. "Regional Differences in Economic Impacts of Power Outages in Finland." , no. : 1.
Increasing distributed generation and intermittency, along with the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, impose a serious challenge for the electric power supply security. Understanding the costs of interruption is vital in terms of enhancing the power system infrastructure and planning the distribution grid. On the other hand, customer rights and demand response techniques are further reasons to study the worth of power reliability. In this paper, the authors make use of directional distance function and shadow pricing method for a case study from Finland. The aim is to calculate the cost of one minute of power interruption from the distribution network operator perspective. The sample consists of 78 distribution network operators from Finland with cost and network information between 2013 and 2015.
Sinan Kufeoglu; Niyazi Gündüz; Hao Chen; Matti Lehtonen. Shadow Pricing of Electric Power Interruptions for Distribution System Operators in Finland. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleSinan Kufeoglu, Niyazi Gündüz, Hao Chen, Matti Lehtonen. Shadow Pricing of Electric Power Interruptions for Distribution System Operators in Finland. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Kufeoglu; Niyazi Gündüz; Hao Chen; Matti Lehtonen. 2018. "Shadow Pricing of Electric Power Interruptions for Distribution System Operators in Finland." , no. : 1.
This work presents robust virtual inertia control of an islanded microgrid considering high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs). In such microgrids, the lack of system inertia due to the replacement of traditional generating units with a large amount of RESs causes undesirable influence to microgrid frequency stability, leading to weakening of the microgrid. In order to handle this challenge, the H ∞ robust control method is implemented to the virtual inertial control loop taking into account the high penetration of RESs, thus enhancing robust performance and stability of the microgrid during contingencies. The controller’s robustness and performance are determined along with numerous disturbances and parametric uncertainties. The comparative study between H ∞ and optimal PI-based virtual inertia controller is also presented. The results show the superior robustness and control effect of the proposed H ∞ controller in terms of precise reference frequency tracking and disturbance attenuation over the optimal PI controller. It is validated that the proposed H ∞-based virtual inertia controller successfully provides desired robust frequency support to a low-inertia islanded microgrid against high RESs penetration.
Thongchart Kerdphol; Fathin Saifur Rahman; Yasunori Mitani; Masayuki Watanabe; Sinan Küfeoğlu. Robust Virtual Inertia Control of an Islanded Microgrid Considering High Penetration of Renewable Energy. IEEE Access 2017, 6, 625 -636.
AMA StyleThongchart Kerdphol, Fathin Saifur Rahman, Yasunori Mitani, Masayuki Watanabe, Sinan Küfeoğlu. Robust Virtual Inertia Control of an Islanded Microgrid Considering High Penetration of Renewable Energy. IEEE Access. 2017; 6 ():625-636.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThongchart Kerdphol; Fathin Saifur Rahman; Yasunori Mitani; Masayuki Watanabe; Sinan Küfeoğlu. 2017. "Robust Virtual Inertia Control of an Islanded Microgrid Considering High Penetration of Renewable Energy." IEEE Access 6, no. : 625-636.
Renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar generations, equip inverters to connect to the microgrids. These inverters do not have any rotating mass, thus lowering the overall system inertia. This low system inertia issue could affect the microgrid stability and resiliency in the situation of uncertainties. Today’s microgrids will become unstable if the capacity of RESs become larger and larger, leading to the weakening of microgrid stability and resilience. This paper addresses a new concept of a microgrid control incorporating a virtual inertia system based on the model predictive control (MPC) to emulate virtual inertia into the microgrid control loop, thus stabilizing microgrid frequency during high penetration of RESs. The additional controller of virtual inertia is applied to the microgrid, employing MPC with virtual inertia response. System modeling and simulations are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink® software. The simulation results confirm the superior robustness and frequency stabilization effect of the proposed MPC-based virtual inertia control in comparison to the fuzzy logic system and conventional virtual inertia control in a system with high integration of RESs. The proposed MPC-based virtual inertia control is able to improve the robustness and frequency stabilization of the microgrid effectively.
Thongchart Kerdphol; Fathin S. Rahman; Yasunori Mitani; Komsan Hongesombut; Sinan Küfeoğlu. Virtual Inertia Control-Based Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Frequency Stabilization Considering High Renewable Energy Integration. Sustainability 2017, 9, 773 .
AMA StyleThongchart Kerdphol, Fathin S. Rahman, Yasunori Mitani, Komsan Hongesombut, Sinan Küfeoğlu. Virtual Inertia Control-Based Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Frequency Stabilization Considering High Renewable Energy Integration. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (5):773.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThongchart Kerdphol; Fathin S. Rahman; Yasunori Mitani; Komsan Hongesombut; Sinan Küfeoğlu. 2017. "Virtual Inertia Control-Based Model Predictive Control for Microgrid Frequency Stabilization Considering High Renewable Energy Integration." Sustainability 9, no. 5: 773.
The significance of the continuous electric power service is getting higher and higher. Countries are developing policies to strengthen their electric power system infrastructure to sustain an acceptable level of supply security. The European electric power policies are guided by the climate and energy goals of the European Union. Climate change related extreme weather events pose a great threat against the power reliability. In terms of natural disasters and their impacts on electricity, Finland is among one of the most affected countries in Europe. This paper presents a detailed electric power reliability analysis for Finnish power system. The increasing influence of natural disasters on supply security is highlighted. The future plans of the Finnish authorities to further harden the power infrastructure and the policy changes to push the network operators to increase the customer satisfaction are also mentioned.
Sinan Kufeoglu; Niyazi Gunduz; Matti Lehtonen. Climate change concerns and finnish electric power supply security performance. 2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) 2017, 1 -5.
AMA StyleSinan Kufeoglu, Niyazi Gunduz, Matti Lehtonen. Climate change concerns and finnish electric power supply security performance. 2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe). 2017; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Kufeoglu; Niyazi Gunduz; Matti Lehtonen. 2017. "Climate change concerns and finnish electric power supply security performance." 2016 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) , no. : 1-5.
The future of climate and sustainable energy are interrelated. Speaking of one without mentioning the other is quite difficult. The increasing number of natural disasters pose a great threat to the electric power supply security in any part of the world. Sweden has been one of the countries that have suffered from unacceptably long blackouts. The tremendous outcomes of the power interruptions have made the field of the economic worth of electric power reliability a popular area of interest among researchers. Nature has been the number one enemy against the supply security of the electricity. This paper introduces a recent and thorough electric power reliability analysis of Sweden and focuses on the country’s struggle against climate change-related natural disasters via updating the country’s electric power policy to improve its service quality. The paper highlights the Gudrun storm of 2005 as a case study to demonstrate the severe impacts of extreme weather events on the energy systems. The economic damage of the storm on the electric power service calculated to be around 3 billion euros.
Niyazi Gündüz; Sinan Küfeoğlu; Matti Lehtonen. Impacts of Natural Disasters on Swedish Electric Power Policy: A Case Study. Sustainability 2017, 9, 230 .
AMA StyleNiyazi Gündüz, Sinan Küfeoğlu, Matti Lehtonen. Impacts of Natural Disasters on Swedish Electric Power Policy: A Case Study. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (2):230.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiyazi Gündüz; Sinan Küfeoğlu; Matti Lehtonen. 2017. "Impacts of Natural Disasters on Swedish Electric Power Policy: A Case Study." Sustainability 9, no. 2: 230.
The electric power sector has changed dramatically since the 1980s. Electricity customers are now demanding uninterrupted and high quality service from both utilities and authorities. By becoming more and more dependent on the voltage sensitive electronic equipment, the industry sector is the one which is affected the most by voltage disturbances. Voltage sags are one of the most crucial problems for these customers. The utilities, on the other hand, conduct cost-benefit analyses before going through new investment projects. At this point, understanding the costs of voltage sags become imperative for planning purposes. The characteristics of electric power consumption and hence the susceptibility against voltage sags differ considerably among different industry subsectors. Therefore, a model that will address the estimation of worth of electric power reliability for a large number of customer groups is necessary. This paper introduces a macroeconomic model to calculate Customer Voltage Sag Costs (CVSCs) for the industry sector customers. The proposed model makes use of analytical data such as value added, annual energy consumption, working hours, and average outage durations and provides a straightforward, credible, and easy to follow methodology for the estimation of CVSCs.
Sinan Küfeoğlu; Matti Lehtonen. Macroeconomic Assessment of Voltage Sags. Sustainability 2016, 8, 1304 .
AMA StyleSinan Küfeoğlu, Matti Lehtonen. Macroeconomic Assessment of Voltage Sags. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (12):1304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Küfeoğlu; Matti Lehtonen. 2016. "Macroeconomic Assessment of Voltage Sags." Sustainability 8, no. 12: 1304.
The estimation of customer interruption costs is a challenging task. Understanding the true economic impacts of unwanted power interruptions is a must for planning purposes and for the decision making on electric energy policies. All methodologies that have been adopted to analyze the problem have strong and weak points. This paper presents the outage cost estimations for the small and medium scale industry sector, public sector and service sector customers in Finland by the aid of a customer survey study. The direct worth approach and the relative worth approach are applied for the industry sector customers and the results are compared. The results of public and service sector customers are presented by following the direct worth methodology only.
Sinan Küfeoğlu; Matti Lehtonen. A comparison of direct worth and relative worth studies for outage cost estimations in industry sectors. 2015 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT ASIA) 2015, 1 -5.
AMA StyleSinan Küfeoğlu, Matti Lehtonen. A comparison of direct worth and relative worth studies for outage cost estimations in industry sectors. 2015 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT ASIA). 2015; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Küfeoğlu; Matti Lehtonen. 2015. "A comparison of direct worth and relative worth studies for outage cost estimations in industry sectors." 2015 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT ASIA) , no. : 1-5.
Sinan Kufeoglu; Matti Lehtonen. Comparison of different models for estimating the residential sector customer interruption costs. Electric Power Systems Research 2015, 122, 50 -55.
AMA StyleSinan Kufeoglu, Matti Lehtonen. Comparison of different models for estimating the residential sector customer interruption costs. Electric Power Systems Research. 2015; 122 ():50-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Kufeoglu; Matti Lehtonen. 2015. "Comparison of different models for estimating the residential sector customer interruption costs." Electric Power Systems Research 122, no. : 50-55.
Estimation of the economic impacts of the power interruptions is a challenging task. There are several methodologies proposed to assess these costs. Each methodology has certain advantages and disadvantages. This paper summarizes the policy changes done by the Finnish authorities to improve the electric power reliability and it presents the calculation of the customer interruption costs via the model which is utilized by the Finnish Energy Market Authority.
Sinan Küfeoğlu; Samuel Prittinen; Matti Lehtonen. Customer interruption costs calculation of finnish electricity customers. 2015 12th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) 2015, 1 -5.
AMA StyleSinan Küfeoğlu, Samuel Prittinen, Matti Lehtonen. Customer interruption costs calculation of finnish electricity customers. 2015 12th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). 2015; ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Küfeoğlu; Samuel Prittinen; Matti Lehtonen. 2015. "Customer interruption costs calculation of finnish electricity customers." 2015 12th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM) , no. : 1-5.
A power outage brings in economic losses for both the customers and the utilities. Studying these unwanted events and making solid predictions about the outcomes of the interruptions has been an attractive area of interest for the researchers for the last couple of decades. By making use of a customer survey study conducted in Finland, this paper benefits from both the reported cost data collected from customers and from the analytical data that are available and then presents a new hybrid approach to estimate the customer interruption costs of service sector customer segment. Making use of Value Added information of the customers is a common practice for the cost normalization purposes. This paper verifies the approach by comparing the findings of the customer survey and the econometric model suggested here. This study is a unique source in terms of providing a reliable, easy to apply, and a straightforward model for calculating the economic impacts of power outages.Peer reviewe
Sinan Küfeoğlu; Matti Lehtonen. Interruption costs of service sector electricity customers, a hybrid approach. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2015, 64, 588 -595.
AMA StyleSinan Küfeoğlu, Matti Lehtonen. Interruption costs of service sector electricity customers, a hybrid approach. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2015; 64 ():588-595.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Küfeoğlu; Matti Lehtonen. 2015. "Interruption costs of service sector electricity customers, a hybrid approach." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 64, no. : 588-595.
The increasing frequency of the natural disasters during the last decade and their severe impacts on the electric power arose debate and led questioning the electric power reliability of the European countries. The Cyclone Dagmar of 2011, or locally known as Tapani storm, was a shocking event for all Scandinavia in terms of its impacts on the electricity supply and the related services. Although Finland had been thought to be enjoying highly reliable electric power, after 2011 the authorities started to go through radical changes to improve the supply security of the country and the Finnish Ministry of Employment and the Economy introduced a 15-year plan to avoid such undesirable outcomes of the possible natural disasters that might occur in the future. This paper summarizes and presents the events that were caused by the storm, and the storm recovery efforts spent after the incident.
Sinan Kufeoglu; Matti Lehtonen. Cyclone Dagmar of 2011 and its impacts in Finland. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe 2014, 1 -6.
AMA StyleSinan Kufeoglu, Matti Lehtonen. Cyclone Dagmar of 2011 and its impacts in Finland. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe. 2014; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Kufeoglu; Matti Lehtonen. 2014. "Cyclone Dagmar of 2011 and its impacts in Finland." IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, Europe , no. : 1-6.
Sinan Kufeoglu; Samuel Prittinen; Matti Lehtonen. A Summary of the Recent Extreme Weather Events and Their Impacts on Electricity. International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE) 2014, 9, 821 .
AMA StyleSinan Kufeoglu, Samuel Prittinen, Matti Lehtonen. A Summary of the Recent Extreme Weather Events and Their Impacts on Electricity. International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE). 2014; 9 (4):821.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinan Kufeoglu; Samuel Prittinen; Matti Lehtonen. 2014. "A Summary of the Recent Extreme Weather Events and Their Impacts on Electricity." International Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE) 9, no. 4: 821.