Wireless communication technology integration is necessary for Internet of Things (IoT)-based applications to make their data easily accessible. This study proposes a new, portable L-shaped microstrip patch antenna with enhanced gain for IoT 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) applications. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 28 mm × 21 mm × 1.6 mm $(0.22{\lambda }_o$ × $0.17{\lambda }_o$ × $0.013{\lambda }_o$, with respect to the lowest frequency). The antenna design is simply comprised of an L-shape strip line, with a full ground applied in the back side and integrated with a tiny rectangular slot. According to investigations, the developed antenna is more efficient and has a greater gain than conventional antennas. The flexibility of the antenna’s matching impedance and performance are investigated through several parametric simulations. Results indicate that the gain and efficiency can be enhanced through modifying the rectangular back slot in conjunction with fine-tuning the front L-shaped patch. The finalized antenna operates at 2.4 GHz with a 98% radiation efficiency and peak gains of 2.09 dBi (measured) and 1.95 dBi (simulated). The performance of the simulation and measurement are found to be in good agreement. Based on the performance that was achieved, the developed L-shaped antenna can be used in a variety of 2.4 GHz ISM bands and IoT application environments, especially for indoor localization estimation scenarios, such as smart offices and houses, and fourth-generation (4G) wireless communications applications due to its small size and high fractional bandwidth.

The development of renewable energy is on the rise worldwide because of the growing demand on energy, high oil prices, and concerns of environmental impacts. In recent years, progress on solar-powered air conditioning has increased as nowadays, air conditioning system is almost a must in every building if we want to have a good indoor comfort inside the building. Therefore, this paper focuses in the design and construction of a direct current (DC) air conditioning system integrated with photovoltaic (PV) system which consists of PV panels, solar charger, inverter and batteries. The air conditioning system can be operated on solar and can be used in non-electrified areas. As we all known, solar energy is cost effective, renewable and environmentally friendly

A dye solar cell with a dimension of 6 × 2cm is fabricated with thickness of 40μm, 80μm and 120μm of TiO2 by smearing it on an ITO coated glass. It is then tested under the average solar irradiance and temperature of 693.69 w/m2, 44.4 oC respectively. Based on experimental investigation it is found that TiO2 of 40μm produces Voc = 0.21V, Jsc= 121.28μA, while the 80μm produces Voc= 0.16V, Isc= 69.89μA, and TiO2 layer with thickness of 120μm produces Voc = 0.00063V, Isc = 0mA. From these results it shows that the best charge generation is from the thinner TiO2 thickness layer which is the 40μm compare to with the other size

Malaysia, despite being known as the suppliers for oil and natural gas in the world is having a hard time fulfilling the huge demand of domestic and international energy sector. The nation's oil production has been gradually decrementing since reaching a peak of 862,000bbl/d in 2004 due to mature reservoirs. Alternative Cost as well as the maintenance that remains increasing yearly while the supply of fuels are depleting is making it hard for Malaysia to be able to sustain its oil development. This has become an important issue for the government to establish energy in the most economically worthy to ensure the sustainability in its development. This paper presents a review on Malaysian's perspective on renewable energy mainly in the solar energy sector by conducting a survey study. The survey focuses on the level of understanding Malaysian has towards renewable energy, the level of acceptance towards solar energy, the future prospect of solar energy as well as the financial perspective on solar energy in Malaysia. Study shows that renewable energy mainly in the area of solar energy receives warm welcome from many Malaysian as well as a demand for change in the conventional energy method. Malaysian is also ecologically concern as well as ready for any policies that has a solving mechanism in this energy crisis

A wireless power transfer (WPT) using inductive coupling for mobile phone charger is studied. The project is offer to study and fabricate solar WPT using inductive coupling for mobile phone charger that will give more information about distance is effect for WPT performance and WPT is not much influenced by the presence of hands, books and types of plastics. The components used to build wireless power transfer can be divided into 3 parts components, the transceiver for power transmission, the inductive coils in this case as the antenna, receiver and the rectifier which act convert AC to DC. Experiments have been conducted and the wireless power transfer using inductive coupling is suitable to be implemented for mobile phone charger.

This paper proposed an alternative source of carbon material from recycled battery for the fabrication of cathode of a Dye Sensitized Solar Cell. Carbon from recycle battery is extracted and used to fabricate the cathode part of a Dye sensitized solar cell by using TiO2 as the anode. The both anode and cathode is fabricated on a 6 × 2cm ITO coated glass and then tested under the solar irradiance of 693.69 w/m2 and average temperature 44.4°C. Result shows that by using carbon from a recycle battery a Voc of 0.333V and short circuit current of 166.04μA is produce