Industry 4.0 is the fourth industrial revolution consisting of the digitalization of processes facilitating an incremental value chain. Smart Manufacturing (SM) is one of the branches of the Industry 4.0 regarding logistics, visual inspection of pieces, optimal organization of processes, machine sensorization, real-time data adquisition and treatment and virtualization of industrial activities. Among these tecniques, Digital Twin (DT) is attracting the research interest of the scientific community in the last few years due to the cost reduction through the simulation of the dynamic behaviour of the industrial plant predicting potential problems in the SM paradigm. In this paper, we propose a new DT design concept based on external service for the transportation of the Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs) which are being recently introduced for the Material Requirement Planning satisfaction in the collaborative industrial plant. We have performed real experimentation in two different scenarios through the definition of an Industrial Ethernet platform for the real validation of the DT results obtained. Results show the correlation between the virtual and real experiments carried out in the two scenarios defined in this paper with an accuracy of 97.95% and 98.82% in the total time of the missions analysed in the DT. Therefore, these results validate the model created for the AGV navigation, thus fulfilling the objectives of this paper.

Smart Manufacturing is characterized by the digitization and massive communication of Cyber-Physical Systems under the Industrial Internet of Things paradigm. However, the heterogeneity of communication protocols hinders connectivity among assets due to lack of interoperability. Moreover, the decomposition of the classical production hierarchy towards decentralized self-organization makes the implementation of interoperability in industrial environments key to help decision-making. In this sense, the interoperability of heterogeneous assets (e.g., external, internal, and human) has been defined as hyperconnectivity and supposes a technological challenge in the scientific literature. To prove this novel hyperconnectivity definition, the authors propose and develop a novel hyperconnected demonstrator where all types of assets are interconnected in a case study consisting of the automation of an inspection process. For this purpose, an industrial internet platform has been used for connecting industrial equipment creating a collaborative environment through the use of interoperability. In this regard, it has been possible to communicate assets among the cloud, humans, and CPS with a processing time of less than 10 ms, which demonstrates that the technological challenge of implementing the hyperconnectivity concept of this paper has been successfully addressed.

Local Positioning Systems (LPS) have become an active field of research in the last few years. Their application in harsh environments for high-demanded accuracy applications is allowing the development of technological activities such as autonomous navigation, indoor localization, or low-level flights in restricted environments. LPS consists of ad-hoc deployments of sensors which meets the design requirements of each activity. Among LPS, those based on temporal measurements are attracting higher interest due to their trade-off among accuracy, robustness, availability, and costs. The Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) is extended in the literature for LPS applications and consequently we perform, in this paper, an analysis of the optimal sensor deployment of this architecture for achieving practical results. This is known as the Node Location Problem (NLP) and has been categorized as NP-Hard. Therefore, heuristic solutions such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) or Memetic Algorithms (MA) have been applied in the literature for the NLP. In this paper, we introduce an adaptation of the so-called MA-Solis Wets-Chains (MA-SW-Chains) for its application in the large-scale discrete discontinuous optimization of the NLP in urban scenarios. Our proposed algorithm MA-Variable Neighborhood Descent-Chains (MA-VND-Chains) outperforms the GA and the MA of previous proposals for the NLP, improving the accuracy achieved by 17% and by 10% respectively for the TDOA architecture in the urban scenario introduced.

The efficient design of the aerodynamic surfaces in the aircraft allows the optimal performance of the vehicle and the reduction of the fuel consumption. Among these surfaces, the wing is the main contributor to the force which lifts the aircraft enabling the flight. However, the application of this force out of the center of gravity generates a moment that must be balanced through a force applied in the Horizontal-Tail-Plane (HTP) reaching the longitudinal trim of the aircraft. Traditionally, the design of the wing and HTP have been performed iteratively attaining suboptimal or time ineffective results. In this paper, we solve this problem through the application of a Genetic Algorithm for the combined optimization of the wing and the HTP by adjusting the aspect ratio, the taper ratio, the twist angle and the incidence angle of both surfaces to produce the optimal balance of lift adjusting its distribution to an elliptical configuration and enabling the longitudinal trim. Results show the automatic adjustment of the parameters of the aerodynamic surfaces thus fulfilling the objectives of this paper.