Neurobasis chinensis is widely distributed in eastern tropical Asia. Its only congener in China, the N. anderssoni, has not been observed for decades. To protect N. chinensis, it is necessary to understand the ecological properties of its habitats and specie’s range shift under climate change. In the present study, we modeled its potential distribution under one historical, current, and four future scenarios. We evaluated the importance of the factors that shape its distribution and habitats and predicted the historical and current core spatial distributions and their shifting in the future. Two historical core distribution areas were identified: the inland region of the Bay of Bengal and south-central Vietnam. The current potential distribution includes south China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Luzon of Philippines, Malaysia, southwest and northeast India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia (Java, Sumatera), Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and foothills of the Himalayas, in total, ca. 3.59 × 10⁶ km². Only one core distribution remained, concentrated in south-central Vietnam. In a warming future, the core distribution, high suitable habitats, and even the whole range of N. chinensis will expand and shift northwards. Currently, N. chinensis mainly resides in forest ecosystems below 1200 m above sea level (preferred 500 m to 1200 m a.s.l.). Annual precipitation, mean temperature of driest quarter, and seasonality of precipitation are important factors shaping the species distribution. Our study provides systematic information on habitats and geographical distribution, which is useful for the conservation of N. chinensis.

A synopsis of the genus Philosina is provided. Larvae of the two known species, P. alba and P. buchi are described for the first time. The distribution of both species is discussed and information on behaviour and habitat is summarized. The specialized larvae of Philosina show a strong resemblance to those of Rhinagrion, suggesting that they are sister genera. The unique characters of the larva, especially the arrangement and structure of the caudal lamellae, mean that neither genus fits into any of the currently recognized families of Zygoptera. It is noted that these genera could be placed in their own family. However, caution is exercised pending a better understanding of the family Megapodagrionidae based on DNA work, and they are therefore retained in Megapodagrionidae.

Indocypha catopta sp. nov. (holotype ♂: China, Guizhou, Maolan National Nature Reserve 28 vii 2008, to be deposited in the Collection of Aquatic Insects and Soil Animals, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou) is described, illustrated and compared with all known Indocypha species. The uncertain taxonomic status of some Chinese Indocypha species is briefly discussed. The correct spelling of the species-group name of J. silbergliedi is established.

Somatochlora shennong sp. nov. from Hubei, China (Odonata: Corduliidae)

Matrona annina sp. n. from Guangdong and Guangxi (China) is described and illustrated for both sexes. The new species differs from its sympatric congener M. basilaris Selys, 1853 by its brown wings, reduced bluish-white reticulation at wing base and in details of the structure of the superior anal appendages. An NJ-tree derived from the ITS region (ITS1, 5.8S gene, and ITS2) of M. annina and M. basilaris specimens, collected from the same stream, is presented. A mean of 3.4% difference in the ITS sequences was found between the two species.