Amman, the capital of Jordan, has been growing rapidly, particularly in its city centre. This has led to the spread of high-density buildings and a loss of green spaces. As a result, the city's ecosystem services have been significantly reduced, making it more vulnerable to climate-related disasters such as floods and heatwaves. This study examines the current state of green space and green infrastructure (GI) in downtown Amman, using historical and recent maps from 1918 to 2020 to understand how urban development has affected the environment. The findings show that the amount of green space per person is far below the World Health Organization's recommended level, highlighting the decline of natural areas and the lack of green infrastructure in urban planning. The study emphasises the importance of green infrastructure in enhancing cities’ resilience to climate risks, while also noting that Amman has not done enough to implement it. This research provides valuable insights into how urban growth impacts green space and resilience in cities of the Global South, urging policymakers to prioritise green infrastructure to better manage disaster risks and promote sustainable urban development.

The human ecosystems embrace complex human-dominated systems, which often result in disparaging multifaceted social and ecological outcomes in various localities of the world. Green infrastructure (GI) with a well-planned and managed spatial organization and network of multifunctional landscapes does not only help improve the quality of life, but also promotes the multifunctional use of natural capital and enhances the resiliency of urban systems by enabling “disaster risk reduction”, or “DRR”, in real practice. To achieve more socially and ecologically resilient cities, the engagement of GI into the spatial network of the human ecosystem is inevitable. Moving on from this argument, the research utilizes several quantitative analysis tools, including space syntax methodology, graph theory, depth map analysis, linkage mapper analysis, and Arc-GIS to model the complex spatial patterns of the human ecosystem in the city center of Amman. To conclude, the study provides both theoretical evidence and practical assessment tools for the implementation of urban GI towards the sustenance of the social and ecological resiliency and NDRR within complex inner-city human ecosystems. The theoretical framework of this study embraces a novel contribution toward how resiliency and DRR theories can be merged into real practice through the utilization of a new methodological approach wherein the analysis, measurement, and visualization of human ecosystem spatial networks can be realized.