Here we report the first detection of Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) in Bordeaux vineyards. The species is native to Eastern Asia and was introduced to France in 2012. Halyomorpha halys is highly polyphagous and causes significant damage to various crops, including grapevines. From 2018 to 2020, Pentatomidae species were collected in vineyards in the Bordeaux region. In 2020, the first nymphs and adults of H. halys were identified in the plot centres. The study emphasizes the need for field population monitoring in risk assessment and, consequently, risk management.

To quantify the relationship between grapevine disease severity and crop losses at the plant scale, we conducted a three-year field experiment at two sites near Bordeaux (France), surveying mildews and rots on both foliage and clusters. A first set of analysis indicated that only downy mildew (DM) significantly affects yield (mass of grape clusters harvested) in our experimental conditions. We then leverage this situation to model the relationship between DM severity (measured by standardized AUDPC) and yield losses at vine stock scale. For AUDPC ranging from 0 to 10%, an increase of the severity of DM of 1% on the clusters decrease yield by 2% regardless of years and sites. These values ranges from 1.1% to 9% when considering the severity of DM on the foliage, depending on sites and years. This variability was correlated with a moisture risk index calculated between crop stages inflorescences visibles to pre-ripening of the berries. An increase of the severity of DM of 1% on the foliage decreases yield by 1.2% during dry year (quantile 10% of the index), by 3.3% during intermediate year (median the index) and by 7.3% during wet year (quantile 90% of the index). An important perspective will be to fit and validate the proposed statistical models with datasets covering a broader range of climatic, geographic and agronomic conditions, including the characterization of cultivar-specific responses.

Previous studies have shown that new resistant grape cultivars limit epidemics caused by asexual reproduction of downy mildew. However, until now, there was a lack of knowledge on the sexual phase of the pathogen. This study demonstrates that host resistance has little effect on the sexual cycle of downy mildew. Thus, the pathogen can complete its life cycle (asexual and sexual phases) on partially resistant grapevine varieties. The persistence of pathogen populations on partially resistant varieties from one year to the next represents a major challenge for the sustainability of genetic resistance of grapevines.

Le projet ANR « Des Données aux Connaissances en Agronomie et Biodiversité » (D2KAB) met à disposition une archive de bulletins agricoles publiée sur le Web. Pour annoter les bulletins à l’aide des stades de développement des plantes, nous avons besoin d’une nouvelle ressource sémantique. Plusieurs échelles phénologiques existent, chacune de ces échelles définit un ensemble spécifique de stades. L’Institut Français de la Vigne et du vin (IFV) a aligné plusieurs échelles existantes associées à la vigne. Nous présentons ici la création d’un cadre méthodologique pour la description sémantique des stades de développement des plantes fondé sur l’ontologie PPDO ( BBCH-based Plant Phenological Description Ontology ). Cette ontologie a été peuplée pour construire plusieurs échelles phénologiques associées à différentes cultures : vigne, céréales, légumes, arboriculture. De plus, une expérimentation d’annotation des bulletins viticoles à partir des échelles de la vigne a été menée pour évaluer l’utilisation des stades.Cet article est une traduction et extension d’un article publié en anglais en Décembre 2020 à la 14ème conférence internationale Metadata and Semantics Research (MTSR).

Drosophila suzukii has recently arrived in Northern Hemisphere vineyards and has caused damage to grape, particularly in Europe. Damage to the grapes has been observed, as well as the development of sour rot linked to its presence. Other species of drosophila are also present in the vineyards. This insect has now clearly established itself in the vineyard, requiring the attention of the viticultural and wine industry.