Purpose: Providing a comprehensive literature review to consolidate existing knowledge, advancements and future directions in the field. By synthesizing the state of research, this work enhances the understanding of Prescriptive Maintenance (PsM) methodologies, applications and potential benefits to assist researchers in identifying fruitful avenues for further investigation, and guide practitioners in implementing PsM strategies to improve maintenance outcomes in their industries.Design/methodology/approach: Through a systematic, multistage, specialists audited analysis of peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, books sections, thesis, magazines and industry reports, this work provides a literature review analyzing PsM origins, definitions, enablers, outputs and emerging trends.Findings: PsM concept evolved in recent years representing a shift from traditional maintenance, leveraging prescriptive analytics, data-driven modeling and optimization techniques to enable proactive decision-making and optimal resource allocation. By harnessing PsM, organizations can anticipate and mitigate failures, optimize maintenance actions and enhance asset reliability.Research limitations/implications: Existing literature points out the following challenges for PsM implementation: prescriptive analytics improvement, scalability of frameworks, development of prototypes, processes integration; PsM maturity assessment; asset health prognostics assertiveness, real-time data availability and adoption of cost functions to grasp business and environmental, social and governance (ESG) costs.Practical implications: Optimal deployment of resources with little or no human intervention in the maintenance decision process and the creation of new services improving reliability and operational performance.Social implications: By optimizing maintenance, not only direct costs diminish but also environmental, social and governance (ESG) related costs decrease by reducing energy waste during equipment’s operating phase, assessing the ecological impact of providing maintenance to operators and line maintenance stakeholders and, consequently, minimizing or even eliminating harmful effects on the environment and the human.Originality/value: Work consolidating existing PsM-related knowledge and indicating future work is a gap in the literature. This paper fills this gap.

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Manufacturing and assembling aircraft require hundreds of different machines for various process applications. The machines have different complexity and often different ages; however, they have to ensure a higher precision than other industrial fields. Recent technology advancement in maintenance approaches offers a wide range of opportunities to provide performance and availability. The paper discusses how the maintenance technologies applicable to the various machines need to be appropriately supported by a production environment, called “ecosystem”, that allows their integration within the process and their synergy with the operators. (1) A background analysis of the aircraft production environment is offered. (2) A possible framework for designing a proper ecosystem 4.0 for integrating maintenance activities with design solutions and data gathering is provided. (3) A case study based on the assembly line of specific aircraft is adopted for testing the validity of the framework. (4) Finally, a discussion highlights the critical points of the research, underlying future work.