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T. Manninen
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki

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Article
Published: 15 June 2021
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Helicopter based simultaneous measurements of broadband surface albedo and the effective leaf area index (LAIeff) were carried out in subarctic area of Finnish Lapland in spring 2008, 2009 and 2010 under varying illumination and snow cover conditions. Vertical profile measurements show that the found relationship between albedo and LAIeff seems to be rather independent of the flight altitude and therefore the footprint scale. Actually, flights above 500 m in altitude revealed low variations of the surface albedo approaching an aerial average at 1 km, meaning that a footprint of 20 km is representative of the landscape. The albedo was in the area beta distributed and without LAIeff values below 0.25 the average albedo value of the area would decrease from 0.49 to 0.44 showing the albedo sensitivity to sparse vegetation. The results agreed with the photon recollision probability based model PARAS and the MODIS satellite albedo product MCD43A3. However, differences between satellite based and airborne albedo values were noticed, which could be explained by a difference in footprint size and/or the strong local heterogeneity as certain flights were operated on specific targets.

ACS Style

Terhikki MannineniD; Jean-Louis Roujean; Olivier Hautecoeur; Aku Riiheläid; Panu Lahtinen; Emmihenna Jääskeläinenid; Niilo SiljamoiD; Kati Anttila; Timo SukuvaaraiD; Lauri KorhoneniD. Airborne measurements of surface albedo and leaf area index of snow-covered boreal forest. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Terhikki MannineniD, Jean-Louis Roujean, Olivier Hautecoeur, Aku Riiheläid, Panu Lahtinen, Emmihenna Jääskeläinenid, Niilo SiljamoiD, Kati Anttila, Timo SukuvaaraiD, Lauri KorhoneniD. Airborne measurements of surface albedo and leaf area index of snow-covered boreal forest. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Terhikki MannineniD; Jean-Louis Roujean; Olivier Hautecoeur; Aku Riiheläid; Panu Lahtinen; Emmihenna Jääskeläinenid; Niilo SiljamoiD; Kati Anttila; Timo SukuvaaraiD; Lauri KorhoneniD. 2021. "Airborne measurements of surface albedo and leaf area index of snow-covered boreal forest." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2021 in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
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Despeckling of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is a challenge for high-resolution applications. This study presents a new pixel-based multitemporal nonlocal averaging (PIMSAR) approach to apply nonlocal mean filtering to ground range detected high (GRDH) resolution SAR images preserving the smallest details of the spatial resolution (10 m). The similarity of SAR pixels is based on the temporal evolution of nature using a two-step process. The mean and standard deviation of pixelwise intensity from spring to autumn are used as the basis of unsupervised classification of the area of interest. The nonlocal averaging is carried out within each class separately in magnitude order of the temporal averages. The filtered image shows the details that are indistinguishable in the original image. The kurtosis of the filtered image is close to that of a corresponding airborne image. PIMSAR preserves the mean intensity of the image with a relative accuracy better than 0.02%, and yet, the processing is rapid per image and the method is easy to use.

ACS Style

T. Manninen; E. Jaaskelainen. Pixel Based Multitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Despeckling PIMSAR. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 2021, PP, 1 -5.

AMA Style

T. Manninen, E. Jaaskelainen. Pixel Based Multitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Despeckling PIMSAR. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. 2021; PP (99):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Manninen; E. Jaaskelainen. 2021. "Pixel Based Multitemporal Sentinel-1 SAR Despeckling PIMSAR." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters PP, no. 99: 1-5.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2021 in The Cryosphere
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The primary goal of this paper is to present a model of snow surface albedo accounting for small-scale surface roughness effects. The model is based on photon recollision probability, and it can be combined with existing bulk volume albedo models, such as Two-streAm Radiative TransfEr in Snow (TARTES). The model is fed with in situ measurements of surface roughness from plate profile and laser scanner data, and it is evaluated by comparing the computed albedos with observations. It provides closer results to empirical values than volume-scattering-based albedo simulations alone. The impact of surface roughness on albedo increases with the progress of the melting season and is larger for larger solar zenith angles. In absolute terms, small-scale surface roughness can decrease the total albedo by up to about 0.1. As regards the bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF), it is found that surface roughness increases backward scattering especially for large solar zenith angle values.

ACS Style

Terhikki Manninen; Kati Anttila; Emmihenna Jääskeläinen; Aku Riihelä; Jouni Peltoniemi; Petri Räisänen; Panu Lahtinen; Niilo Siljamo; Laura Thölix; Outi Meinander; Anna Kontu; Hanne Suokanerva; Roberta Pirazzini; Juha Suomalainen; Teemu Hakala; Sanna Kaasalainen; Harri Kaartinen; Antero Kukko; Olivier Hautecoeur; Jean-Louis Roujean. Effect of small-scale snow surface roughness on snow albedo and reflectance. The Cryosphere 2021, 15, 793 -820.

AMA Style

Terhikki Manninen, Kati Anttila, Emmihenna Jääskeläinen, Aku Riihelä, Jouni Peltoniemi, Petri Räisänen, Panu Lahtinen, Niilo Siljamo, Laura Thölix, Outi Meinander, Anna Kontu, Hanne Suokanerva, Roberta Pirazzini, Juha Suomalainen, Teemu Hakala, Sanna Kaasalainen, Harri Kaartinen, Antero Kukko, Olivier Hautecoeur, Jean-Louis Roujean. Effect of small-scale snow surface roughness on snow albedo and reflectance. The Cryosphere. 2021; 15 (2):793-820.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Terhikki Manninen; Kati Anttila; Emmihenna Jääskeläinen; Aku Riihelä; Jouni Peltoniemi; Petri Räisänen; Panu Lahtinen; Niilo Siljamo; Laura Thölix; Outi Meinander; Anna Kontu; Hanne Suokanerva; Roberta Pirazzini; Juha Suomalainen; Teemu Hakala; Sanna Kaasalainen; Harri Kaartinen; Antero Kukko; Olivier Hautecoeur; Jean-Louis Roujean. 2021. "Effect of small-scale snow surface roughness on snow albedo and reflectance." The Cryosphere 15, no. 2: 793-820.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2019 in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
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Robust melt season timing and length estimates are important for hydrological and climatological applications; due to the large area and sparse in situ measurements, snow melt monitoring at the continental scale is only possible from satellites. We intercompared melt onset date (MOD) estimates obtained from optical and microwave satellite sensors over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) between 1982 and 2015, and subsequently analyzed the causes of the similarities and dissimilarities found. The optical satellite data are based on the mean surface albedo from the Satellite Application Facility for Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) CLouds, Albedo and RAdiation second release Surface ALbedo (CLARA‐A2 SAL) dataset. The microwave satellite data are based on temporal variations in the differences of the brightness temperature from satellite passive microwave radiometers. The analysis shows that the microwave‐based method detects melt onset on average ten days later than the albedo‐based method, which results from the different melt detection methods; the albedo‐based method observes the point when the spring snow metamorphism begins to have a detectable effect on snow albedo, whereas the microwave‐based method detects the appearance of meltwater in snowpack. The difference in MOD decreases in forests, because canopy protects snow from sunlight delaying snow metamorphism. Additionally, we analyzed the MOD estimates for trends across the NH and separately for Eurasia and North America. A statistically significant negative trend towards earlier melt onset exists in all cases, which is consistent with previous studies.

ACS Style

K. Kouki; K. Anttila; T. Manninen; K. Luojus; L. Wang; A. Riihelä. Intercomparison of Snow Melt Onset Date Estimates From Optical and Microwave Satellite Instruments Over the Northern Hemisphere for the Period 1982–2015. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2019, 124, 11205 -11219.

AMA Style

K. Kouki, K. Anttila, T. Manninen, K. Luojus, L. Wang, A. Riihelä. Intercomparison of Snow Melt Onset Date Estimates From Optical and Microwave Satellite Instruments Over the Northern Hemisphere for the Period 1982–2015. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2019; 124 (21):11205-11219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. Kouki; K. Anttila; T. Manninen; K. Luojus; L. Wang; A. Riihelä. 2019. "Intercomparison of Snow Melt Onset Date Estimates From Optical and Microwave Satellite Instruments Over the Northern Hemisphere for the Period 1982–2015." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124, no. 21: 11205-11219.

Articles
Published: 04 July 2019 in Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing
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The relationship of black-sky and white-sky albedo values of snow-covered terrain is studied using empirical measurements of six BSRN sites and the Finnish Meteorological Institute Sodankylä site, where albedo measurements are carried out both in an open area and above coniferous forest. In addition, a forest model was used to provide simulated albedo values to cover a wider leaf area index range. Linear regression formulas for estimating the monthly mean white-sky albedo value on the basis of the monthly statistics of the black-sky albedo were derived separately for open and forested areas. The statistical parameters used were the mean, median, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis. In addition, the monthly mean solar zenith angle value was used as well. The mean absolute difference between the estimated monthly mean white-sky albedo and the empirical value was 0.027 for open areas and 0.015 for forested areas. The derived formulas were applied to the satellite black-sky albedo product CLARA-A2 SAL to generate white-sky albedo maps. Using the open snow area regression for the sea ice area produced values comparable to measured values both around the Antarctic and in the Arctic sea ice area.

ACS Style

Terhikki Manninen; Emmihenna Jääskeläinen; Aku Riihelä. Black and White-Sky Albedo Values of Snow: In Situ Relationships for AVHRR-Based Estimation Using CLARA-A2 SAL. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 2019, 45, 350 -367.

AMA Style

Terhikki Manninen, Emmihenna Jääskeläinen, Aku Riihelä. Black and White-Sky Albedo Values of Snow: In Situ Relationships for AVHRR-Based Estimation Using CLARA-A2 SAL. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 2019; 45 (3-4):350-367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Terhikki Manninen; Emmihenna Jääskeläinen; Aku Riihelä. 2019. "Black and White-Sky Albedo Values of Snow: In Situ Relationships for AVHRR-Based Estimation Using CLARA-A2 SAL." Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 45, no. 3-4: 350-367.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2019 in Biogeosciences
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The surface albedo time series, CLARA-A2 SAL, was used to study trends in the snowmelt start and end dates, the melting season length and the albedo value preceding the melt onset in Finland during 1982–2016. In addition, the melt onset from the JSBACH land surface model was compared with the timing of green-up estimated from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Moreover, the melt onset was compared with the timing of the greening up based on MODIS data. Similarly, the end of snowmelt timing predicted by JSBACH was compared with the melt-off dates based on the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) operational in situ measurements and the Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) time-series product provided by the EU FP7 CryoLand project. It was found that the snowmelt date estimated using the 20 % threshold of the albedo range during the melting period corresponded well to the melt estimate of the permanent snow layer. The longest period, during which the ground is continuously half or more covered by snow, defines the permanent snow layer (Solantie et al., 1996). The greening up followed within 5–13 days the date when the albedo reached the 1 % threshold of the albedo dynamic range during the melting period. The time difference between greening up and complete snowmelt was smaller in mountainous areas than in coastal areas. In two northern vegetation map areas (Northern Karelia–Kainuu and Southwestern Lapland), a clear trend towards earlier snowmelt onset (5–6 days per decade) and increasing melting season length (6–7 days per decade) was observed. In the forested part of northern Finland, a clear decreasing trend in albedo (2 %–3 % per decade in absolute albedo percentage) before the start of the melt onset was observed. The decreasing albedo trend was found to be due to the increased stem volume.

ACS Style

Terhikki Manninen; Tuula Aalto; Tiina Markkanen; Mikko Peltoniemi; Kristin Böttcher; Sari Metsämäki; Kati Anttila; Pentti Pirinen; Antti Leppänen; Ali Nadir Arslan. Monitoring changes in forestry and seasonal snow using surface albedo during 1982–2016 as an indicator. Biogeosciences 2019, 16, 223 -240.

AMA Style

Terhikki Manninen, Tuula Aalto, Tiina Markkanen, Mikko Peltoniemi, Kristin Böttcher, Sari Metsämäki, Kati Anttila, Pentti Pirinen, Antti Leppänen, Ali Nadir Arslan. Monitoring changes in forestry and seasonal snow using surface albedo during 1982–2016 as an indicator. Biogeosciences. 2019; 16 (2):223-240.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Terhikki Manninen; Tuula Aalto; Tiina Markkanen; Mikko Peltoniemi; Kristin Böttcher; Sari Metsämäki; Kati Anttila; Pentti Pirinen; Antti Leppänen; Ali Nadir Arslan. 2019. "Monitoring changes in forestry and seasonal snow using surface albedo during 1982–2016 as an indicator." Biogeosciences 16, no. 2: 223-240.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2018 in Remote Sensing
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The rapid warming of the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes and the observed changes in boreal forest areas affect the global surface albedo and climate. This study looks at the trends in the timing of the snow melt season as well as the albedo levels before and after the melt season in Northern Hemisphere land areas between 40°N and 80°N over the years 1982 to 2015. The analysis is based on optical satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The results show that the changes in surface albedo already begin before the start of the melt season. These albedo changes are significant (the mean of absolute change is 4.4 albedo percentage units per 34 years). The largest absolute changes in pre-melt-season albedo are concentrated in areas of the boreal forest, while the pre-melt albedo of tundra remains unchanged. Trends in melt season timing are consistent over large areas. The mean of absolute change of start date of melt season is 11.2 days per 34 years, 10.6 days for end date of melt season and 14.8 days for length of melt season. The changes result in longer and shorter melt seasons, as well as changed timing of the melt, depending on the area. The albedo levels preceding the onset of melt and start of the melt season correlate with climatic parameters (air temperature, precipitation, wind speed). The changes in albedo are more closely linked to changes in vegetation, whereas the changes in melt season timing are linked to changes in climate.

ACS Style

Kati Anttila; Terhikki Manninen; Emmihenna Jääskeläinen; Aku Riihelä; Panu Lahtinen. The Role of Climate and Land Use in the Changes in Surface Albedo Prior to Snow Melt and the Timing of Melt Season of Seasonal Snow in Northern Land Areas of 40°N–80°N during 1982–2015. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 1619 .

AMA Style

Kati Anttila, Terhikki Manninen, Emmihenna Jääskeläinen, Aku Riihelä, Panu Lahtinen. The Role of Climate and Land Use in the Changes in Surface Albedo Prior to Snow Melt and the Timing of Melt Season of Seasonal Snow in Northern Land Areas of 40°N–80°N during 1982–2015. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (10):1619.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kati Anttila; Terhikki Manninen; Emmihenna Jääskeläinen; Aku Riihelä; Panu Lahtinen. 2018. "The Role of Climate and Land Use in the Changes in Surface Albedo Prior to Snow Melt and the Timing of Melt Season of Seasonal Snow in Northern Land Areas of 40°N–80°N during 1982–2015." Remote Sensing 10, no. 10: 1619.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2018 in Data
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A system for multiple camera networks is proposed for continuous monitoring of ecosystems by processing image time series. The system is built around the Finnish Meteorological Image PROcessing Toolbox (FMIPROT), which includes data acquisition, processing and visualization from multiple camera networks. The toolbox has a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) for which only minimal computer knowledge and skills are required to use it. Images from camera networks are acquired and handled automatically according to the common communication protocols, e.g., File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Processing features include GUI based selection of the region of interest (ROI), automatic analysis chain, extraction of ROI based indices such as the green fraction index (GF), red fraction index (RF), blue fraction index (BF), green-red vegetation index (GRVI), and green excess (GEI) index, as well as a custom index defined by a user-provided mathematical formula. Analysis results are visualized on interactive plots both on the GUI and hypertext markup language (HTML) reports. The users can implement their own developed algorithms to extract information from digital image series for any purpose. The toolbox can also be run in non-GUI mode, which allows running series of analyses in servers unattended and scheduled. The system is demonstrated using an environmental camera network in Finland.

ACS Style

Cemal Melih Tanis; Mikko Peltoniemi; Maiju Linkosalmi; Mika Aurela; Kristin Böttcher; Terhikki Manninen; Ali Nadir Arslan. A System for Acquisition, Processing and Visualization of Image Time Series from Multiple Camera Networks. Data 2018, 3, 23 .

AMA Style

Cemal Melih Tanis, Mikko Peltoniemi, Maiju Linkosalmi, Mika Aurela, Kristin Böttcher, Terhikki Manninen, Ali Nadir Arslan. A System for Acquisition, Processing and Visualization of Image Time Series from Multiple Camera Networks. Data. 2018; 3 (3):23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cemal Melih Tanis; Mikko Peltoniemi; Maiju Linkosalmi; Mika Aurela; Kristin Böttcher; Terhikki Manninen; Ali Nadir Arslan. 2018. "A System for Acquisition, Processing and Visualization of Image Time Series from Multiple Camera Networks." Data 3, no. 3: 23.

Journal article
Published: 29 May 2018 in Remote Sensing
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Satellite-based retrievals offer the most cost-effective way to comprehensively map the surface albedo of the Earth, a key variable for understanding the dynamics of radiative energy interactions in the atmosphere-surface system. Surface albedo retrievals have commonly been designed separately for each different spaceborne optical imager. Here, we introduce a novel type of processing framework that combines the data from two polar-orbiting optical imager families, the Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The goal of the paper is to demonstrate that multisensor albedo retrievals can provide a significant reduction in the sampling time required for a robust and comprehensive surface albedo retrieval, without a major degradation in retrieval accuracy, as compared to state-of-the-art single-sensor retrievals. We evaluated the multisensor retrievals against reference in situ albedo measurements and compare them with existing datasets. The results show that global land surface albedo retrievals with a sampling period of 10 days can offer near-complete spatial coverage, with a retrieval bias mostly comparable to existing single sensor datasets, except for bright surfaces (deserts and snow) where the retrieval framework shows degraded performance because of atmospheric correction design compromises. A level difference is found between the single sensor datasets and the demonstrator developed here, pointing towards a need for further work in the atmospheric correction, particularly over bright surfaces, and inter-sensor radiance homogenization. The introduced framework is expandable to include other sensors in the future.

ACS Style

Aku Riihelä; Terhikki Manninen; Jeffrey Key; Qingsong Sun; Melanie Sütterlin; Alessio Lattanzio; Crystal Schaaf. A Multisensor Approach to Global Retrievals of Land Surface Albedo. Remote Sensing 2018, 10, 848 .

AMA Style

Aku Riihelä, Terhikki Manninen, Jeffrey Key, Qingsong Sun, Melanie Sütterlin, Alessio Lattanzio, Crystal Schaaf. A Multisensor Approach to Global Retrievals of Land Surface Albedo. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10 (6):848.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aku Riihelä; Terhikki Manninen; Jeffrey Key; Qingsong Sun; Melanie Sütterlin; Alessio Lattanzio; Crystal Schaaf. 2018. "A Multisensor Approach to Global Retrievals of Land Surface Albedo." Remote Sensing 10, no. 6: 848.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
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The Coordinating Earth Observation Data Validation for Reanalysis for Climate Services project (CORE-CLIMAX) aimed to substantiate how Copernicus observations and products can contribute to climate change analyses. CORE-CLIMAX assessed the European capability to provide climate data records (CDRs) of essential climate variables (ECVs), prepared a structured process to derive CDRs, developed a harmonized approach for validating essential climate variable CDRs, identified the integration of CDRs into the reanalysis chain, and formulated a process to compare the results of different reanalysis techniques. With respect to the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), the systematic application and further development of the CORE-CLIMAX system maturity matrix (SMM) and the spinoff application performance metric (APM) were strongly endorsed to be involved in future implementations of C3S. We concluded that many of the current CDRs are not yet sufficiently mature to be used in reanalysis or applied in climate studies. Thus, the production of consistent high-resolution data records remains a challenge that needs more research urgently. Extending ECVs to close climate cycle budgets (e.g., essential water variables) is a next step linking CDRs to sectoral applications.

ACS Style

Z. Su; W. Timmermans; Y. Zeng; J. Schulz; Viju John; R. A. Roebeling; Paul Poli; D. Tan; Frank Kaspar; A. K. Kaiser-Weiss; E. Swinnen; C. Toté; H. Gregow; T. Manninen; A. Riihelä; J.-C. Calvet; Y. Ma; J. Wen. An Overview of European Efforts in Generating Climate Data Records. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2018, 99, 349 -359.

AMA Style

Z. Su, W. Timmermans, Y. Zeng, J. Schulz, Viju John, R. A. Roebeling, Paul Poli, D. Tan, Frank Kaspar, A. K. Kaiser-Weiss, E. Swinnen, C. Toté, H. Gregow, T. Manninen, A. Riihelä, J.-C. Calvet, Y. Ma, J. Wen. An Overview of European Efforts in Generating Climate Data Records. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 2018; 99 (2):349-359.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Z. Su; W. Timmermans; Y. Zeng; J. Schulz; Viju John; R. A. Roebeling; Paul Poli; D. Tan; Frank Kaspar; A. K. Kaiser-Weiss; E. Swinnen; C. Toté; H. Gregow; T. Manninen; A. Riihelä; J.-C. Calvet; Y. Ma; J. Wen. 2018. "An Overview of European Efforts in Generating Climate Data Records." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 2: 349-359.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2017 in IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
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A new intercalibration method for two polar-orbiting satellite instruments or two instrument constellations' Fundamental Climate Data Records (FCDRs) is presented. It is based on statistical fitting of reflectance data from the two instruments covering the same area during the same period, but not simultaneously. A Deming regression with iterative weights is used. The accuracy of the intercalibration method itself was better than 0.5% for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) versus MODIS and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) versus AVHRR test data sets. The intercalibration of an AVHRR FCDR generated by NOAA versus a combined MODIS Terra and Aqua data set of red and near-infrared (NIR) channels was carried out and showed a difference in the reflectance values of about 2% (red) and 6% (NIR). The presented intercalibration method can be used for checking the calibration of two instruments or FCDRs in all viewing angles used separately.

ACS Style

Terhikki Manninen; Aku Riihela; Andrew Heidinger; Crystal Schaaf; Alessio Lattanzio; Jeffrey Key. Intercalibration of Polar-Orbiting Spectral Radiometers Without Simultaneous Observations. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 2017, 56, 1507 -1519.

AMA Style

Terhikki Manninen, Aku Riihela, Andrew Heidinger, Crystal Schaaf, Alessio Lattanzio, Jeffrey Key. Intercalibration of Polar-Orbiting Spectral Radiometers Without Simultaneous Observations. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2017; 56 (3):1507-1519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Terhikki Manninen; Aku Riihela; Andrew Heidinger; Crystal Schaaf; Alessio Lattanzio; Jeffrey Key. 2017. "Intercalibration of Polar-Orbiting Spectral Radiometers Without Simultaneous Observations." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 56, no. 3: 1507-1519.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2017 in Remote Sensing
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Atmospheric effects, especially aerosols, are a significant source of uncertainty for optical remote sensing of surface parameters, such as albedo. Also to achieve a homogeneous surface albedo time series, the atmospheric correction has to be homogeneous. However, a global homogeneous aerosol optical depth (AOD) time series covering several decades did not previously exist. Therefore, we have constructed an AOD time series 1982–2014 using aerosol index (AI) data from the satellite measurements of the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), together with the Solar zenith angle and land use classification data. It is used as input for the Simplified Method for Atmospheric Correction (SMAC) algorithm when processing the surface albedo time series CLARA-A2 SAL (the Surface ALbedo from the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring project cLoud, Albedo and RAdiation data record, the second release). The surface reflectance simulations using the SMAC algorithm for different sets of satellite-based AOD data show that the aerosol-effect correction using the constructed TOMS/OMI based AOD data is comparable to using other satellite-based AOD data available for a shorter time range. Moreover, using the constructed TOMS/OMI based AOD as input for the atmospheric correction typically produces surface reflectance [-20]values closer to those obtained using in situ AOD values than when using other satellite-based AOD data.

ACS Style

Emmihenna Jääskeläinen; Terhikki Manninen; Johanna Tamminen; Marko Laine. The Aerosol Index and Land Cover Class Based Atmospheric Correction Aerosol Optical Depth Time Series 1982–2014 for the SMAC Algorithm. Remote Sensing 2017, 9, 1095 .

AMA Style

Emmihenna Jääskeläinen, Terhikki Manninen, Johanna Tamminen, Marko Laine. The Aerosol Index and Land Cover Class Based Atmospheric Correction Aerosol Optical Depth Time Series 1982–2014 for the SMAC Algorithm. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9 (11):1095.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emmihenna Jääskeläinen; Terhikki Manninen; Johanna Tamminen; Marko Laine. 2017. "The Aerosol Index and Land Cover Class Based Atmospheric Correction Aerosol Optical Depth Time Series 1982–2014 for the SMAC Algorithm." Remote Sensing 9, no. 11: 1095.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
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ACS Style

Petr Lukeš; Pauline Stenberg; Matti Mõttus; Terhikki Manninen; Miina Rautiainen. Multidecadal analysis of forest growth and albedo in boreal Finland. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 2016, 52, 296 -305.

AMA Style

Petr Lukeš, Pauline Stenberg, Matti Mõttus, Terhikki Manninen, Miina Rautiainen. Multidecadal analysis of forest growth and albedo in boreal Finland. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 2016; 52 ():296-305.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petr Lukeš; Pauline Stenberg; Matti Mõttus; Terhikki Manninen; Miina Rautiainen. 2016. "Multidecadal analysis of forest growth and albedo in boreal Finland." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 52, no. : 296-305.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
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A worldwide online survey about user awareness of reanalyses and climate services was conducted in the period from November 2013 to February 2014 by the Coordinating Earth Observation Data Validation for Re-Analysis for Climate Services (CORE-CLIMAX) project. The 2,578 respondents were mostly users of global reanalyses [particularly the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reanalyses]. They answered queries arranged in 11 sections by choosing from preprepared check-box responses and left several hundred free comments. Here, we analyze responses related to characteristics of reanalysis data and the perceived obstacles for using reanalysis in climate services. After examining responses from all survey participants, we focus on the answers from subgroups working in specific disciplines related to natural resource management: freshwater, agriculture and food production, forestry, and energy. Although the survey attracted mostly self-selected respondents from the education and public research and development (R&D) sectors, one-third of the energy-related subgroup were from the private sector. A large majority (91%) of the respondents use ECMWF reanalyses, but other reanalysis products are also widely used by them. Respondents expressed desire for reanalysis development in the areas of 1) training and online plotting tools, 2) more frequent updates, 3) explanations about uncertainties (the energy subgroup emphasizes this), 4) smaller biases, 5) less restrictive data policy, and 6) higher temporal and spatial resolution (the energy and water subgroups highlight this). Additionally, the subgroups (excluding energy) expressed interest in including in future climate services activities for applied weather and climate research for impact assessment and/or statistical impact analyses for improving weather warnings and their criteria.

ACS Style

Hilppa Gregow; Kirsti Jylha; H. M. Mäkelä; Juha Aalto; Terhikki Manninen; Pirkko Karlsson; A. K. Kaiser-Weiss; F. Kaspar; Paul Poli; D. G. H. Tan; A. Obregon; Zhixi Su. Worldwide Survey of Awareness and Needs Concerning Reanalyses and Respondents Views on Climate Services. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2016, 97, 1461 -1473.

AMA Style

Hilppa Gregow, Kirsti Jylha, H. M. Mäkelä, Juha Aalto, Terhikki Manninen, Pirkko Karlsson, A. K. Kaiser-Weiss, F. Kaspar, Paul Poli, D. G. H. Tan, A. Obregon, Zhixi Su. Worldwide Survey of Awareness and Needs Concerning Reanalyses and Respondents Views on Climate Services. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 2016; 97 (8):1461-1473.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hilppa Gregow; Kirsti Jylha; H. M. Mäkelä; Juha Aalto; Terhikki Manninen; Pirkko Karlsson; A. K. Kaiser-Weiss; F. Kaspar; Paul Poli; D. G. H. Tan; A. Obregon; Zhixi Su. 2016. "Worldwide Survey of Awareness and Needs Concerning Reanalyses and Respondents Views on Climate Services." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, no. 8: 1461-1473.

Articles
Published: 17 January 2016 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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The RASCALS (Radiation, Snow Characteristics and Albedo at Summit) campaign was carried out at the Greenland Summit camp research station during June–July 2010. The collection of surface roughness, dielectric constant, and density profiles values of snow were gathered. Polarimetric interferometry of RADARSAT-2 quad pol fine beam images is used to study the snow surface anisotropy at Summit, Greenland. Various methods of determining the polarimetric coherence are tested and the results are compared with the in situ surface roughness results, which show a clear anisotropy varying with time. In addition, backscattering modelling is used to check the fraction of the surface backscattering. The circularly polarized coherence and backscattering coefficient can be used for surface roughness variation and surface hoar formation detection.

ACS Style

Terhikki Manninen; Panu Lahtinen; Kati Anttila; Aku Riihelä. Detection of snow surface roughness and hoar at Summit, Greenland, using RADARSAT data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2016, 37, 2860 -2880.

AMA Style

Terhikki Manninen, Panu Lahtinen, Kati Anttila, Aku Riihelä. Detection of snow surface roughness and hoar at Summit, Greenland, using RADARSAT data. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2016; 37 (12):2860-2880.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Terhikki Manninen; Panu Lahtinen; Kati Anttila; Aku Riihelä. 2016. "Detection of snow surface roughness and hoar at Summit, Greenland, using RADARSAT data." International Journal of Remote Sensing 37, no. 12: 2860-2880.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in European Journal of Remote Sensing
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Anton Kuzmin; Lauri Korhonen; Terhikki Manninen; Matti Maltamo. Automatic Segment-Level Tree Species Recognition Using High Resolution Aerial Winter Imagery. European Journal of Remote Sensing 2016, 49, 239 -259.

AMA Style

Anton Kuzmin, Lauri Korhonen, Terhikki Manninen, Matti Maltamo. Automatic Segment-Level Tree Species Recognition Using High Resolution Aerial Winter Imagery. European Journal of Remote Sensing. 2016; 49 (1):239-259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anton Kuzmin; Lauri Korhonen; Terhikki Manninen; Matti Maltamo. 2016. "Automatic Segment-Level Tree Species Recognition Using High Resolution Aerial Winter Imagery." European Journal of Remote Sensing 49, no. 1: 239-259.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2015 in International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
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Y. Zeng; Z. Su; J.-C. Calvet; T. Manninen; E. Swinnen; J. Schulz; R. Roebeling; P. Poli; D. Tan; A. Riihelä; C.-M. Tanis; A.-N. Arslan; A. Obregon; A. Kaiser-Weiss; V.O. John; W. Timmermans; F. Kaspar; H. Gregow; A.-L. Barbu; D. Fairbairn; E. Gelati; C. Meurey. Analysis of current validation practices in Europe for space-based climate data records of essential climate variables. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 2015, 42, 150 -161.

AMA Style

Y. Zeng, Z. Su, J.-C. Calvet, T. Manninen, E. Swinnen, J. Schulz, R. Roebeling, P. Poli, D. Tan, A. Riihelä, C.-M. Tanis, A.-N. Arslan, A. Obregon, A. Kaiser-Weiss, V.O. John, W. Timmermans, F. Kaspar, H. Gregow, A.-L. Barbu, D. Fairbairn, E. Gelati, C. Meurey. Analysis of current validation practices in Europe for space-based climate data records of essential climate variables. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 2015; 42 ():150-161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y. Zeng; Z. Su; J.-C. Calvet; T. Manninen; E. Swinnen; J. Schulz; R. Roebeling; P. Poli; D. Tan; A. Riihelä; C.-M. Tanis; A.-N. Arslan; A. Obregon; A. Kaiser-Weiss; V.O. John; W. Timmermans; F. Kaspar; H. Gregow; A.-L. Barbu; D. Fairbairn; E. Gelati; C. Meurey. 2015. "Analysis of current validation practices in Europe for space-based climate data records of essential climate variables." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 42, no. : 150-161.

Articles
Published: 26 June 2015 in International Journal of Remote Sensing
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The spectral invariants theory predicts that the bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) of a vegetation canopy can be expressed in terms of the canopy interceptance (i0), the recollision probability (p), and the directional escape probability (ρ). These spectral invariant parameters together form a novel canopy structural parameter – the directional area scattering factor (DASF). The DASF can be retrieved from remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery and has been found to be useful, e.g. for the separation of tree species. The spectral invariants theory, however, does not provide an interpretation of which specific canopy structural properties are captured by the DASF. In this study, we examined the possible link between the DASF and the canopy clumping index (β). A simple model was designed to simulate the effect of β on canopy first order scattering, which was assumed to govern the directional behaviour of the DASF. The model is based on a modified spectral invariants approach, where the assumption of constant p is relaxed so that the first order recollision probability (p1) and single scattering are calculated separately, and canopy BRF is expressed as the sum of the first and multiple order components. Simulations were performed on model canopies, where radiation penetration is described using a traditional statistical approach but allowing non-random foliage distributions caused by clumping. The results indicated a strong dependency between the modelled DASF and the canopy clumping index.

ACS Style

Pauline Stenberg; Terhikki Manninen. The effect of clumping on canopy scattering and its directional properties: a model simulation using spectral invariants. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2015, 36, 5178 -5191.

AMA Style

Pauline Stenberg, Terhikki Manninen. The effect of clumping on canopy scattering and its directional properties: a model simulation using spectral invariants. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2015; 36 (19-20):5178-5191.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pauline Stenberg; Terhikki Manninen. 2015. "The effect of clumping on canopy scattering and its directional properties: a model simulation using spectral invariants." International Journal of Remote Sensing 36, no. 19-20: 5178-5191.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Remote Sensing of Environment
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Vesa Laine; Terhikki Manninen; Aku Riihelä. Corrigendum: “High temporal resolution estimations of the Arctic sea ice albedo during the melting and refreezing periods of the years 2003–2011,” Remote Sensing of Environment 140 (2014) 604–613. Remote Sensing of Environment 2015, 160, 281 .

AMA Style

Vesa Laine, Terhikki Manninen, Aku Riihelä. Corrigendum: “High temporal resolution estimations of the Arctic sea ice albedo during the melting and refreezing periods of the years 2003–2011,” Remote Sensing of Environment 140 (2014) 604–613. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2015; 160 ():281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vesa Laine; Terhikki Manninen; Aku Riihelä. 2015. "Corrigendum: “High temporal resolution estimations of the Arctic sea ice albedo during the melting and refreezing periods of the years 2003–2011,” Remote Sensing of Environment 140 (2014) 604–613." Remote Sensing of Environment 160, no. : 281.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2015 in Remote Sensing
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Remote sensing of the fraction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fPAR) has become a timely option to monitor forest productivity. However, only a few studies have had ground reference fPAR datasets containing both forest canopy and understory fPAR from boreal forests for the validation of satellite products. The aim of this paper was to assess the performance of two currently available satellite-based fPAR products: MODIS fPAR (MOD15A2, C5) and GEOV1 fPAR (g2_BIOPAR_FAPAR), as well as an NDVI-fPAR relationship applied to the MODIS surface reflectance product and a Landsat 8 image, in a boreal forest site in Finland. Our study area covered 16 km2 and field data were collected from 307 forest plots. For all plots, we obtained both forest canopy fPAR and understory fPAR. The ground reference total fPAR agreed better with GEOV1 fPAR than with MODIS fPAR, which showed much more temporal variation during the peak-season than GEOV1 fPAR. At the chosen intercomparison date in peak growing season, MODIS NDVI based fPAR estimates were similar to GEOV1 fPAR, and produced on average 0.01 fPAR units smaller fPAR estimates than ground reference total fPAR. MODIS fPAR and Landsat 8 NDVI based fPAR estimates were similar to forest canopy fPAR.

ACS Style

Titta Majasalmi; Miina Rautiainen; Pauline Stenberg; Terhikki Manninen. Validation of MODIS and GEOV1 fPAR Products in a Boreal Forest Site in Finland. Remote Sensing 2015, 7, 1359 -1379.

AMA Style

Titta Majasalmi, Miina Rautiainen, Pauline Stenberg, Terhikki Manninen. Validation of MODIS and GEOV1 fPAR Products in a Boreal Forest Site in Finland. Remote Sensing. 2015; 7 (2):1359-1379.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Titta Majasalmi; Miina Rautiainen; Pauline Stenberg; Terhikki Manninen. 2015. "Validation of MODIS and GEOV1 fPAR Products in a Boreal Forest Site in Finland." Remote Sensing 7, no. 2: 1359-1379.