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Giulia Sofia
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA

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Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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High Mountain Asia (HMA) has the most complex terrain with active hydrologic and geomorphologic processes. Climate change has expedited glacial melt and altered monsoon rain intensity. This has increased flood vulnerability across the region. There have been a few initiatives to measure the vulnerability locally. However, to identify hotspots of flood risk across the region, investigation of the entire HMA region is necessary. Unfortunately, in ungauged basins, the use of traditional floodplain mapping techniques is prevented by the lack of the extensive data required. The present work aims to provide a remote sensing-based flood-risk assessment model that maps and quantifies susceptibility in flood-prone areas. We developed a procedure for floodplain delineation based on high-resolution terrain data and a geomorphic classifier, coupled with satellite-derived extreme rainfall quantiles, and records of past flood events. For this work, we used the unique 8-meter Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for HMA that are available at the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DAAC). The geomorphic classifier is based on the Hydraulic Scaling Function automatically derived from the DEM, which is used to normalize topography according to the ratio between the local elevations along the drainage network and the riverbanks.  We assess the flood risk hot spots for a specific year based on the spatial distribution of flood losses, drainage density, flood-prone areas, and rainfall. This local flood-risk assessment framework, gradually applied across the entire HMA domain, will increase the awareness of flood risk, towards improved measures for flood risk reduction.

ACS Style

Mariam Khanam; Giulia Sofia; Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos; Emmanouil N. Anagnostou. Identification of hotspots of flood risk in High Mountain Asia region based on geomorphology and climate data. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mariam Khanam, Giulia Sofia, Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos, Emmanouil N. Anagnostou. Identification of hotspots of flood risk in High Mountain Asia region based on geomorphology and climate data. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariam Khanam; Giulia Sofia; Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos; Emmanouil N. Anagnostou. 2021. "Identification of hotspots of flood risk in High Mountain Asia region based on geomorphology and climate data." , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 11 February 2021 in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
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The changing climate and anthropogenic activities raise the likelihood of damage due to compound flood hazards, triggered by the combined occurrence of extreme precipitation and storm surge during high tides and exacerbated by sea-level rise (SLR). Risk estimates associated with these extreme event scenarios are expected to be significantly higher than estimates derived from a standard evaluation of individual hazards. In this study, we present case studies of compound flood hazards affecting critical infrastructure (CI) in coastal Connecticut (USA). We based the analysis on actual and synthetic (considering future climate conditions for atmospheric forcing, sea-level rise, and forecasted hurricane tracks) hurricane events, represented by heavy precipitation and surge combined with tides and SLR conditions. We used the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, to simulate the combined coastal and riverine flooding of selected CI sites. We forced a distributed hydrological model (CREST-SVAS) with weather analysis data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for the synthetic events and from the National Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) for the actual events, to derive the upstream boundary condition (flood wave) of HEC-RAS. We extracted coastal tide and surge time series for each event from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to use as the downstream boundary condition of HEC-RAS. The significant outcome of this study represents the evaluation of changes in flood risk for the CI sites for the various compound scenarios (under current and future climate conditions). This approach offers an estimate of the potential impact of compound hazards relative to the 100-year flood maps produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which is vital to developing mitigation strategies. In a broader sense, this study provides a framework for assessing the risk factors of our modern infrastructure located in vulnerable coastal areas throughout the world.

ACS Style

Mariam Khanam; Giulia Sofia; Marika Koukoula; Rehenuma Lazin; Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos; Xinyi Shen; Emmanouil N. Anagnostou. Impact of compound flood event on coastal critical infrastructures considering current and future climate. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2021, 21, 587 -605.

AMA Style

Mariam Khanam, Giulia Sofia, Marika Koukoula, Rehenuma Lazin, Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos, Xinyi Shen, Emmanouil N. Anagnostou. Impact of compound flood event on coastal critical infrastructures considering current and future climate. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2021; 21 (2):587-605.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariam Khanam; Giulia Sofia; Marika Koukoula; Rehenuma Lazin; Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos; Xinyi Shen; Emmanouil N. Anagnostou. 2021. "Impact of compound flood event on coastal critical infrastructures considering current and future climate." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 2: 587-605.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2020 in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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Most of the high resolution topographic models are currently obtained either by means of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) or photogrammetry: the former is usually preferred for producing very accurate models, whereas the latter is much more frequently used in low cost applications. In particular, the availability of more affordable Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with high resolution cameras led to a dramatic worldwide increase of UAV photogrammetry-based 3D reconstructions. Nevertheless, accurate high resolution photogrammetric reconstructions typically require quite long data processing procedures, which make them less suitable for real-time applications.This work aims at investigating the use of a low cost Time of Flight (ToF) camera, combined with an Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) positioning system, mounted on a drone, in order to enable quasi real time 3D reconstructions of small to mid-size areas, even in locations where Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are not available.The proposed system, tested on a small area on the Italian Alps, provided high resolution mapping results, with an error of few centimeters with respect to a terrestrial close-range photogrammetry survey conducted on the same day.

ACS Style

A. Masiero; G. Sofia; P. Tarolli. QUICK 3D WITH UAV AND TOF CAMERA FOR GEOMORPHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2020, XLIII-B1-2, 259 -264.

AMA Style

A. Masiero, G. Sofia, P. Tarolli. QUICK 3D WITH UAV AND TOF CAMERA FOR GEOMORPHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2020; XLIII-B1-2 ():259-264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Masiero; G. Sofia; P. Tarolli. 2020. "QUICK 3D WITH UAV AND TOF CAMERA FOR GEOMORPHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2, no. : 259-264.

Preprint content
Published: 05 June 2020
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The changing climate and adverse anthropogenic activities raise the likelihood of damages due to compound flood hazards, triggered by the combined occurrence of extreme precipitation and storm surge during high tides, and exacerbated by sea-level rise (SLR). Risk estimates associated with these extreme event scenarios are expected to be significantly higher than estimates derived from a standard evaluation of individual hazards. In this study, we present case studies of compound flood hazards affecting critical infrastructure (CI) in coastal Connecticut (USA) based on actual and synthetic (that is, under future climate conditions) hurricane events, represented by heavy precipitation and surge combined with high tides and SLR conditions. We used the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model to simulate the combined coastal and riverine flooding on selected CI sites. We forced a distributed hydrological model (CREST-SVAS) with weather analysis data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for the synthetic events and from the National Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) for the actual events, to derive the upstream boundary condition (flood wave) of HEC-RAS. We extracted coastal tide and surge time series for each event from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to use as the downstream boundary condition of HEC-RAS. The significant outcome of this study represents the evaluation of changes in flood risk for the CI sites for the various compound scenarios (under current and future climate conditions). This approach offers an estimate of the potential impact of compound hazards relative to the 100-year flood maps produced by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which is vital to developing mitigation strategies. In a broader sense, this study provides a framework for assessing risk factors of our modern infrastructure located in vulnerable coastal areas throughout the world.

ACS Style

Mariam Khanam; Giulia Sofia; Marika Koukoula; Rehenuma Lazin; Efthymios Nikolopoulos; Xinyi Shen; Emmanouil Anagnostou. Current and Future Climate Compound-Event Flood Impact on Coastal Critical Infrastructures. 2020, 1 -28.

AMA Style

Mariam Khanam, Giulia Sofia, Marika Koukoula, Rehenuma Lazin, Efthymios Nikolopoulos, Xinyi Shen, Emmanouil Anagnostou. Current and Future Climate Compound-Event Flood Impact on Coastal Critical Infrastructures. . 2020; ():1-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariam Khanam; Giulia Sofia; Marika Koukoula; Rehenuma Lazin; Efthymios Nikolopoulos; Xinyi Shen; Emmanouil Anagnostou. 2020. "Current and Future Climate Compound-Event Flood Impact on Coastal Critical Infrastructures." , no. : 1-28.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2020 in Scientific Reports
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An improved understanding of changes in flood hazard and the underlying driving mechanisms is critical for predicting future changes for better adaptation strategies. While recent increases in flooding across the world have been partly attributed to a range of atmospheric or landscape drivers, one often-forgotten driver of changes in flood properties is the variability of river conveyance capacity. This paper proposes a new framework for connecting flood changes to longitudinal variability in river conveyance, precipitation climatology, flows and sediment connectivity. We present a first step, based on a regional analysis, towards a longer-term research effort that is required to decipher the circular causality between floods and rivers. The results show how this system of interacting units in the atmospheric, hydrologic and geomorphological realm function as a nonlinear filter that fundamentally alters the frequency of flood events. To revise and refine our estimation of future flood risk, this work highlights that multidriver attribution studies are needed, that include boundary conditions such as underlying climate, water and sediment connectivity, and explicit estimations of river conveyance properties.

ACS Style

G. Sofia; E. I. Nikolopoulos. Floods and rivers: a circular causality perspective. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -17.

AMA Style

G. Sofia, E. I. Nikolopoulos. Floods and rivers: a circular causality perspective. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Sofia; E. I. Nikolopoulos. 2020. "Floods and rivers: a circular causality perspective." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-17.

Review article
Published: 27 January 2020 in Geomorphology
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In recent years, the wealth of technological development revolutionised our ability to collect data in geosciences. Due to the unprecedented level of detail of these datasets, geomorphologists are facing new challenges, giving more in-depth answers to a broad(er) range of fundamental questions across the full spectrum of the Earth's (and Planetary) processes. This contribution builds on the existing literature of geomorphometry (the science of quantitative land-surface analysis) and feature extraction (translate land surface parameters into extents of geomorphological elements). It provides evidence of critical themes as well as emerging fields of future research in the digital realm, supporting the likely effectiveness of geomorphometry and feature extractions as they are advancing the theoretical, empirical and applied dimension of geomorphology. The review further discusses the role of geomorphometric legacies, and scientific reproducibility, and how they can be implemented, in the hope that this will facilitate action towards improving the transparency, and efficiency of scientific research, and accelerate discoveries in geomorphology. In the current landscape, substantial changes in landforms, ecosystems, land use, hydrological routing, and direct anthropogenic modifications impact systems across the full spectrum of geomorphological processes. Although uncertainties in the precise nature and likelihood of changes exist, geomorphometry and feature extraction can aid exploring process regimes and landscape responses. Taken together, they can revolutionise geomorphology by opening the doors to improved investigations crossing space and time scales, blurring the boundaries between traditional approaches and computer modelling, and facilitating cross-disciplinary research. Ultimately, the exploitation of the available wealth of digital information can help to translate our understanding of geomorphic processes, which is often based on observations of past or current conditions, into the rapidly changing future.

ACS Style

G. Sofia. Combining geomorphometry, feature extraction techniques and Earth-surface processes research: The way forward. Geomorphology 2020, 355, 107055 .

AMA Style

G. Sofia. Combining geomorphometry, feature extraction techniques and Earth-surface processes research: The way forward. Geomorphology. 2020; 355 ():107055.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Sofia. 2020. "Combining geomorphometry, feature extraction techniques and Earth-surface processes research: The way forward." Geomorphology 355, no. : 107055.

Editorial
Published: 27 August 2019 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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Digital Terrain analysis (DTA) and modeling has been a flourishing interdisciplinary field for decades, with applications in hydrology, geomorphology, soil science, engineering projects and computer sciences. Currently, DTA is characterized by a proliferation of multispectral data from new sensors and platforms, driven by regional and national governments, commercial businesses, and scientific groups, with a general trend towards data with higher spatial, spectral or temporal resolutions. Deriving meaningful and interpretable products from such a large pool of data sources sets new challenges. The articles included in this special issue (SI) focuses on terrain analysis applications that advance the fields of hydrology, geomorphology, soil science, geographic information software (GIS), and computer science. They showcase challenging examples of DTA tackling different subjects or different point of views on the same subject.

ACS Style

Giulia Sofia; Anette Eltner; Efthymios Nikolopoulos; Christopher Crosby. Leading Progress in Digital Terrain Analysis and Modeling. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2019, 8, 372 .

AMA Style

Giulia Sofia, Anette Eltner, Efthymios Nikolopoulos, Christopher Crosby. Leading Progress in Digital Terrain Analysis and Modeling. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019; 8 (9):372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Sofia; Anette Eltner; Efthymios Nikolopoulos; Christopher Crosby. 2019. "Leading Progress in Digital Terrain Analysis and Modeling." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 9: 372.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2019 in Remote Sensing
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Human activities have reshaped the geomorphology of landscapes and created vast anthropogenic geomorphic features, which have distinct characteristics compared with landforms produced by natural processes. High-resolution topography from LiDAR has opened avenues for the analysis of anthropogenic geomorphic signatures, providing new opportunities for a better understanding of Earth surface processes and landforms. However, quantitative identification and monitoring of such anthropogenic signature still represent a challenge for the Earth science community. The purpose of this contribution is to explore a method for monitoring geomorphic changes and identifying the driving forces of such changes. The study was carried out on the Eibar watershed in Spain. The proposed method is able to quantitatively detect anthropogenic geomorphic changes based on multi-temporal LiDAR topography, and it is based on a combination of two techniques: the DEM of Difference (DoD) and the Slope Local Length of Auto-correlation (SLLAC). First, we tested the capability of the SLLAC and derived parameters to distinguish different types of anthropogenic geomorphologies in 5 study case at a small scale. Second, we calculated the DoD to quantify the geomorphic changes between 2008 and 2016. Based on the proposed approach, we classified the whole basin into three categories of geomorphic changes (natural, urban or mosaic areas). The urban area had the most clustered and largest geomorphic changes, followed by the mosaic area and the natural area. This research might help to identify and monitoring anthropogenic geomorphic changes over large areas, to schedule sustainable environmental planning, and to mitigate the consequences of anthropogenic alteration.

ACS Style

Jie Xiang; Shi Li; Keyan Xiao; Jianping Chen; Giulia Sofia; Paolo Tarolli. Quantitative Analysis of Anthropogenic Morphologies Based on Multi-Temporal High-Resolution Topography. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 1493 .

AMA Style

Jie Xiang, Shi Li, Keyan Xiao, Jianping Chen, Giulia Sofia, Paolo Tarolli. Quantitative Analysis of Anthropogenic Morphologies Based on Multi-Temporal High-Resolution Topography. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (12):1493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Xiang; Shi Li; Keyan Xiao; Jianping Chen; Giulia Sofia; Paolo Tarolli. 2019. "Quantitative Analysis of Anthropogenic Morphologies Based on Multi-Temporal High-Resolution Topography." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12: 1493.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2019 in Water
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Hillslope viticulture has a long history in Mediterranean Europe, and still holds important cultural and economic value. Steep hillsides have widely been levelled by terraces, in order to control surface water flow and facilitate cultivation. However, under unsustainable management and growing rainfall aggressiveness, terraced vineyards have become one of the most erosion-prone agricultural landscapes. The Valcamonica valley in Lombardy (Italy) presents a typical example of an ancient wine production region where rural land abandonment has previously caused widespread degradation of the traditional terracing systems. Recently, a local revival of wine production led to restoration plans of the terraces and their drainage functioning, to safeguard productivity and hydrogeologic safety. In this study, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) survey was carried out to reconstruct an accurate and precise 3D terrain model of a Valcamonica vineyard through photogrammetry. The resulting high-resolution topographic data allowed insights of surface flow-induced soil erosion patterns based on the Relative Path Impact Index (RPII). Three diverse drainage networks were designed and digitally implemented, allowing scenario analysis of the costs and benefits in terms of potential erosion mitigation. The presented methodology could likely improve the time-efficiency and cost-effectiveness of similar restoration plans in degraded landscapes.

ACS Style

Anton Pijl; Michele Tosoni; Giulia Roder; Giulia Sofia; Paolo Tarolli. Design of Terrace Drainage Networks Using UAV-Based High-Resolution Topographic Data. Water 2019, 11, 814 .

AMA Style

Anton Pijl, Michele Tosoni, Giulia Roder, Giulia Sofia, Paolo Tarolli. Design of Terrace Drainage Networks Using UAV-Based High-Resolution Topographic Data. Water. 2019; 11 (4):814.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anton Pijl; Michele Tosoni; Giulia Roder; Giulia Sofia; Paolo Tarolli. 2019. "Design of Terrace Drainage Networks Using UAV-Based High-Resolution Topographic Data." Water 11, no. 4: 814.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2018 in Advances in Water Resources
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Accurate awareness of how rainfall, land use changes, and soil types control water fluxes in agricultural floodplains remains a crucial challenge in water resource research. This study examines soil moisture conditions, soil texture, rainfall characteristics, together with different artificial drainage network structures covering a time-span of 100 years (1924-2010), as drivers for runoff production in an agricultural floodplain. The research incorporates a multiple-layer generalised Green-Ampt approach to simulate water infiltration into the ground. Once the storage offered by the soil is saturated, a portion of the surface storage provided by the drainage network satisfies the infiltration capacity, thus delaying runoff. The watershed response is defined by the uNSI (updated Network Saturated index, (Sofia and Tarolli, 2017), that indicates the moment the available storage (soil+network) is 100% saturated. The results highlighted how interlocking relations between soil properties, the geometry of the network and temporal variations of precipitation determine runoff generation timing. For short return times, intense rainfalls tend to produce a quicker response in areas with soils prone to saturation, and with decreased network complexity. However, when the event magnitude increases, this combination of soil and network structure produces the fastest response when rainfall is more regular. Intense events in zones with soils with higher permeability produce a quicker response the simpler the network is. When soils are prone to runoff, and the network efficiency increases, runoff production is delayed in time. When soils have elevated permeability, and the network has a reduced efficiency and path heterogeneity, increasing the network simplicity would result in similar outcomes. Moreover, if the path heterogeneity and network efficiency increases, for a given network sinuosity, runoff generation would be delayed. Quantifying these effects is indeed crucial for many environmental problems, including the prediction of impacts of a changing climate and land use and the associated pressures.

ACS Style

Giulia Sofia; Francesca Ragazzi; Paolo Giandon; Giancarlo Dalla Fontana; Paolo Tarolli. On the linkage between runoff generation, land drainage, soil properties, and temporal patterns of precipitation in agricultural floodplains. Advances in Water Resources 2018, 124, 120 -138.

AMA Style

Giulia Sofia, Francesca Ragazzi, Paolo Giandon, Giancarlo Dalla Fontana, Paolo Tarolli. On the linkage between runoff generation, land drainage, soil properties, and temporal patterns of precipitation in agricultural floodplains. Advances in Water Resources. 2018; 124 ():120-138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Sofia; Francesca Ragazzi; Paolo Giandon; Giancarlo Dalla Fontana; Paolo Tarolli. 2018. "On the linkage between runoff generation, land drainage, soil properties, and temporal patterns of precipitation in agricultural floodplains." Advances in Water Resources 124, no. : 120-138.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2018 in Anthropocene
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The Po valley in northern Italy is one of Europe’s largest and most anthropogenically-modified lowland areas, where intensifying climate and land transformation are increasingly causing water management problems. In this study, the Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS) is calibrated, validated, and applied to a reclaimed basin in the Veneto region (Italy) in order to assess the hydrologic impacts of land use and climate change scenarios. First-time model calibration for Mediterranean lowlands resulted in reasonable performance during the training year (NSE 0.77), but lower validation performance (NSE 0.53), while potential for improved calibration was limited by data availability. Scenario analysis covers the historical and future changes in land cover and climate throughout a century (1951–2060), based on aerial imagery analysis, hydrologic measurements, COSMO-CLM regional climate projections and demographics. WALRUS simulations illustrate how land use transformation (i.e. expanded built-up zones and a diminished drainage network) have a strong potential to increase discharge intensities from the catchment, mostly evident in summer peak flow (past −34%; future +48%). A historical scenario of combined land use and climate shows even stronger deviations from the present (annual discharge −19%; summer peak flow −45%), resulting from an observed increase in rainfall intensity and seasonality over the past 50 years. With drier future climate projections, however, the discharge response is moderate in the combined future scenario. Despite the non-optimal model calibration, the presented work in the Veneto region illustrates the directional impact of processes typical of anthropogenic lowlands. Particularly, the impact of observed land transformation seems to diminish the buffering and storage capacity of the catchment, thereby enhancing the hydrologic risks in modern times.

ACS Style

Anton Pijl; Claudia C. Brauer; Giulia Sofia; Adriaan J. Teuling; Paolo Tarolli. Hydrologic impacts of changing land use and climate in the Veneto lowlands of Italy. Anthropocene 2018, 22, 20 -30.

AMA Style

Anton Pijl, Claudia C. Brauer, Giulia Sofia, Adriaan J. Teuling, Paolo Tarolli. Hydrologic impacts of changing land use and climate in the Veneto lowlands of Italy. Anthropocene. 2018; 22 ():20-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anton Pijl; Claudia C. Brauer; Giulia Sofia; Adriaan J. Teuling; Paolo Tarolli. 2018. "Hydrologic impacts of changing land use and climate in the Veneto lowlands of Italy." Anthropocene 22, no. : 20-30.

Research article
Published: 06 April 2018 in New Zealand Geographer
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New remote sensing techniques, such as airborne laser scanning (LiDAR), have led to a dramatic increase in terrain information, providing new opportunities for landform analysis. A major advance in using LiDAR‐derived high‐resolution topography (HRT) is the capability to provide an accurate and detailed terrain morphology. This study aims to use LiDAR HRT to identify palaeochannels of the Manawatu River (New Zealand) using an automated procedure based on the statistical analysis of landform curvature. The approach can provide rapid assessment and classification of floodplain topography. The proposed analysis is crucial, especially for intensively used floodplains requiring effective flood management and mitigation.

ACS Style

Giulia Lo Re; Ian C. Fuller; Giulia Sofia; Paolo Tarolli. High-resolution mapping of Manawatu palaeochannels. New Zealand Geographer 2018, 74, 77 -91.

AMA Style

Giulia Lo Re, Ian C. Fuller, Giulia Sofia, Paolo Tarolli. High-resolution mapping of Manawatu palaeochannels. New Zealand Geographer. 2018; 74 (2):77-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Lo Re; Ian C. Fuller; Giulia Sofia; Paolo Tarolli. 2018. "High-resolution mapping of Manawatu palaeochannels." New Zealand Geographer 74, no. 2: 77-91.

Article
Published: 16 May 2017 in Land Degradation & Development
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The geometric characteristics of incised features such as channels, rills, ephemeral gully, gully, represent the erosional transport regime and the fluvial dynamic equilibrium, and thus it is critical for the understanding of the long-term evolution of natural, agricultural, and anthropogenic landscapes. This paper examines the morphological similarity of channelized erosion in two different environments such as Alpine landscapes and cultivated hillslopes. The first dataset comprises six rivers in the Italian Alps, three in the Carnia region and three in the Dolomites, where erosion is mainly the effect of discharges with high sediment loads or landslides and debris flows. The agricultural areas dataset includes rills, ephemeral gullies, and gullies surveyed in literature. This research highlights that the eroded volume in Alpine rivers is in line with that of agricultural landscapes or badlands around the world. Dolomites rivers of colluvial origin, flowing on soils that are not particularly deep and subject to natural disaggregation, tend to behave similarly to ephemeral gullies. Contrarily, channels that exhibit evident alluvial morphologies and coarse grain sizes are more similar to gully erosion. At different spatial scales, the results demonstrated that length–volume equations calibrated on rills, ephemeral gullies, gullies and badlands, might be feasible also for Alpine channels. The research areas present soils and bedrock lithology that differs from those in literature, thus suggesting that the morphology of linear erosion is independent of the intrinsic soil characteristics. Differences emerged between Dolomites and Carnia rivers: this highlights the importance of taking into account in future analyses other forcing factors (e.g. climate) on land degradation processes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Giulia Sofia; Costanza Di Stefano; Vito Ferro; Paolo Tarolli. Morphological Similarity of Channels: From Linear Erosional Features (Rill, Gully) to Alpine Rivers. Land Degradation & Development 2017, 28, 1717 -1728.

AMA Style

Giulia Sofia, Costanza Di Stefano, Vito Ferro, Paolo Tarolli. Morphological Similarity of Channels: From Linear Erosional Features (Rill, Gully) to Alpine Rivers. Land Degradation & Development. 2017; 28 (5):1717-1728.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Sofia; Costanza Di Stefano; Vito Ferro; Paolo Tarolli. 2017. "Morphological Similarity of Channels: From Linear Erosional Features (Rill, Gully) to Alpine Rivers." Land Degradation & Development 28, no. 5: 1717-1728.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2017 in Eos
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If increasingly globalized societies are to make better land management decisions, the geosciences must globally evaluate how humans are reshaping Earth 's surface

ACS Style

Paolo Tarolli; Giulia Sofia; Erle Ellis. Mapping the Topographic Fingerprints of Humanity Across Earth. Eos 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Paolo Tarolli, Giulia Sofia, Erle Ellis. Mapping the Topographic Fingerprints of Humanity Across Earth. Eos. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paolo Tarolli; Giulia Sofia; Erle Ellis. 2017. "Mapping the Topographic Fingerprints of Humanity Across Earth." Eos , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2017 in Scientific Reports
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Raising interest in the interaction between humans and climate drivers to understand the past and current development of floods in urbanised landscapes is of great importance. This study presents a regional screening of land-use, rainfall regime and flood dynamics in north-eastern Italy, covering the timeframe 1900-2010. This analysis suggests that, statistically, both climate and land-use have been contributing to a significant increase of the contribution of short duration floods to the increase in the number of flooded locations. The analysis also suggests that interaction arises, determining land-use dynamics to couple with climatic changes influencing the flood aggressiveness simultaneously. Given that it is not possible to control the climatic trend, an effective disaster management clearly needs an integrated approach to land planning and supervision. This research shows that land management and planning should include the investigation of the location of the past and future social and economic drivers for development, as well as past and current climatic trends.

ACS Style

G. Sofia; Giulia Roder; G. Dalla Fontana; Paolo Tarolli. Flood dynamics in urbanised landscapes: 100 years of climate and humans’ interaction. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 40527 .

AMA Style

G. Sofia, Giulia Roder, G. Dalla Fontana, Paolo Tarolli. Flood dynamics in urbanised landscapes: 100 years of climate and humans’ interaction. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):40527.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Sofia; Giulia Roder; G. Dalla Fontana; Paolo Tarolli. 2017. "Flood dynamics in urbanised landscapes: 100 years of climate and humans’ interaction." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 40527.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2017 in Land
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Amongst human practices, agricultural surface-water management systems represent some of the largest integrated engineering works that shaped floodplains during history, directly or indirectly affecting the landscape. As a result of changes in agricultural practices and land use, many drainage networks have changed producing a greater exposure to flooding with a broad range of impacts on society, also because of climate inputs coupling with the human drivers. This research focuses on three main questions: which kind of land use changes related to the agricultural practices have been observed in the most recent years (~30 years)? How does the influence on the watershed response to land use and land cover changes depend on the rainfall event characteristics and soil conditions, and what is their related significance? The investigation presented in this work includes modelling the water infiltration due to the soil properties and analysing the distributed water storage offered by the agricultural drainage system in a study area in Veneto (north-eastern Italy). The results show that economic changes control the development of agro-industrial landscapes, with effects on the hydrological response. Key elements that can enhance or reduce differences are the antecedent soil conditions and the climate characteristics. Criticalities should be expected for intense and irregular rainfall events, and for events that recurrently happen. Agricultural areas might be perceived to be of low priority when it comes to public funding of flood protection, compared to the priority given to urban ones. These outcomes highlight the importance of understanding how agricultural practices can be the driver of or can be used to avoid, or at least mitigate, flooding. The proposed methods can be valuable tools in evaluating the costs and benefits of the management of water in agriculture to inform better policy decision-making.

ACS Style

Giulia Sofia; Paolo Tarolli. Hydrological Response to ~30 years of Agricultural Surface Water Management. Land 2017, 6, 3 .

AMA Style

Giulia Sofia, Paolo Tarolli. Hydrological Response to ~30 years of Agricultural Surface Water Management. Land. 2017; 6 (1):3.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Sofia; Paolo Tarolli. 2017. "Hydrological Response to ~30 years of Agricultural Surface Water Management." Land 6, no. 1: 3.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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Soil water erosion is a serious problem, especially in agricultural lands. Among these, vineyards deserve attention, because they constitute for the Mediterranean areas a type of land use affected by high soil losses. A significant problem related to the study of soil water erosion in these areas consists in the lack of a standardized procedure of collecting data and reporting results, mainly due to a variability among the measurement methods applied. Given this issue and the seriousness of soil water erosion in Mediterranean vineyards, this works aims to quantify the soil losses caused by simulated rainstorms, and compare them with each other depending on two different methodologies: (i) rainfall simulation and (ii) surface elevation change-based, relying on high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) derived from a photogrammetric technique (Structure-from-Motion or SfM). The experiments were carried out in a typical Mediterranean vineyard, located in eastern Spain, at very fine scales. SfM data were obtained from one reflex camera and a smartphone built-in camera. An index of sediment connectivity was also applied to evaluate the potential effect of connectivity within the plots. DEMs derived from the smartphone and the reflex camera were comparable with each other in terms of accuracy and capability of estimating soil loss. Furthermore, soil loss estimated with the surface elevation change-based method resulted to be of the same order of magnitude of that one obtained with rainfall simulation, as long as the sediment connectivity within the plot was considered. High-resolution topography derived from SfM revealed to be essential in the sediment connectivity analysis and, therefore, in the estimation of eroded materials, when comparing them to those derived from the rainfall simulation methodology. The fact that smartphones built-in cameras could produce as much satisfying results as those derived from reflex cameras is a high value added for using SfM.

ACS Style

Massimo Prosdocimi; Maria Burguet; Simone Di Prima; Giulia Sofia; Enric Terol; Jesús Rodrigo Comino; Artemi Cerdà; Paolo Tarolli. Rainfall simulation and Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry for the analysis of soil water erosion in Mediterranean vineyards. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 574, 204 -215.

AMA Style

Massimo Prosdocimi, Maria Burguet, Simone Di Prima, Giulia Sofia, Enric Terol, Jesús Rodrigo Comino, Artemi Cerdà, Paolo Tarolli. Rainfall simulation and Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry for the analysis of soil water erosion in Mediterranean vineyards. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 574 ():204-215.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Prosdocimi; Maria Burguet; Simone Di Prima; Giulia Sofia; Enric Terol; Jesús Rodrigo Comino; Artemi Cerdà; Paolo Tarolli. 2017. "Rainfall simulation and Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry for the analysis of soil water erosion in Mediterranean vineyards." Science of The Total Environment 574, no. : 204-215.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2016 in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
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Among the most invasive species, the Coypu (Myocastor coypus) best exemplifies the widespread effect of alien species to ecosystems. Among the impacts, the induced erosion in riverbanks has an increasing economic and social importance. Despite its significance, this type of erosion is rarely quantified, and the available information is limited to local knowledge, grey literature, and maintenance reports. This research shows the potential of freely and instantly available structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry to obtain crowdsourced information based on smartphone images. The results highlight how it is possible to provide a rough estimate of the damages with a relative low or null cost of application, and a limited expert knowledge and expenditure of time, depending on the scale of analysis. The proposed technique provides a fresh approach to a known long-standing issue, offering a new source of information for farmers, researchers, wildlife managers, as well as for land managers and planners. The potential applications of such technique and its unprecedented ease of use and very low cost offer effective tools for management plans and scientific research, providing a basis to relate eroded volumes to the functioning of the drainage system and the connected agroecosystem. The method would also enable the opportunity of participatory and opportunistic crowd-sourced sensing. Further scientific research on the crowd-based data on erosion should encourage standardisation of data gathering and accessibility, together with a public involvement in information exchange, to generate a better understanding and awareness of erosion problems also for other fields of research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Giulia Sofia; Roberta Masin; Paolo Tarolli. Prospects for crowdsourced information on the geomorphic ‘engineering’ by the invasive Coypu (Myocastor coypus). Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2016, 42, 365 -377.

AMA Style

Giulia Sofia, Roberta Masin, Paolo Tarolli. Prospects for crowdsourced information on the geomorphic ‘engineering’ by the invasive Coypu (Myocastor coypus). Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2016; 42 (2):365-377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Sofia; Roberta Masin; Paolo Tarolli. 2016. "Prospects for crowdsourced information on the geomorphic ‘engineering’ by the invasive Coypu (Myocastor coypus)." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 42, no. 2: 365-377.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2016 in Earth Surface Dynamics
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Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative land-surface analysis, has become a flourishing interdisciplinary subject, with applications in numerous fields. The interdisciplinarity of geomorphometry is its greatest strength and also one of its major challenges. Gaps are still present between the process focussed fields (e.g. soil science, glaciology, volcanology) and the technical domain (such as computer science, statistics …) where approaches and theories are developed. Thus, interesting geomorphometric applications struggle to jump between process-specific disciplines, but also struggle to take advantage of advances in computer science and technology. This special issue is therefore focused on facilitating cross-fertilization between disciplines, and highlighting novel technical developments and innovative applications of geomorphometry to various Earth-surface processes. The issue collects a variety of contributions which fall into two main categories: Perspectives and Research, further divided into “Research and innovative techniques” and “Research and innovative applications”. It showcases potentially exciting developments and tools which are the building blocks for the next step-change in the field.

ACS Style

Giulia Sofia; John K. Hillier; Susan J. Conway. Frontiers in Geomorphometry and Earth Surface Dynamics: possibilities, limitations and perspectives. Earth Surface Dynamics 2016, 4, 721 -725.

AMA Style

Giulia Sofia, John K. Hillier, Susan J. Conway. Frontiers in Geomorphometry and Earth Surface Dynamics: possibilities, limitations and perspectives. Earth Surface Dynamics. 2016; 4 (3):721-725.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Sofia; John K. Hillier; Susan J. Conway. 2016. "Frontiers in Geomorphometry and Earth Surface Dynamics: possibilities, limitations and perspectives." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 3: 721-725.

Preprint content
Published: 07 June 2016
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Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative land-surface analysis, has become a flourishing interdisciplinary subject, with applications in numerous fields. The interdisciplinarity of geomorphometry is its greatest strength and also one of its major challenges. Gaps are still present between the process focussed fields (e.g. soil science, glaciology, volcanology) and the technical domain (such as computer science, statistics…) where approaches and theories are developed. Thus, interesting geomorphometric applications struggle to jump between process-specific disciplines, but also struggle to take advantage of advances in computer science and technology. This special issue is therefore focused on facilitating cross-fertilization between disciplines, and highlighting novel technical developments and innovative applications of geomorphometry to various Earth-surface processes. The issue collects a variety of contributions which fall into two main categories: Perspectives and Research, further divided into "Research and innovation techniques" and "Research and innovative applications". It showcases potentially exciting developments and tools which are the building blocks for the next step-change in the field.

ACS Style

Giulia Sofia; Jon K. Hillier; Susan J. Conway. Frontiers in Geomorphometry and Earth Surface Dynamics: Possibilities, Limitations and Perspectives. 2016, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Giulia Sofia, Jon K. Hillier, Susan J. Conway. Frontiers in Geomorphometry and Earth Surface Dynamics: Possibilities, Limitations and Perspectives. . 2016; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giulia Sofia; Jon K. Hillier; Susan J. Conway. 2016. "Frontiers in Geomorphometry and Earth Surface Dynamics: Possibilities, Limitations and Perspectives." , no. : 1-6.