In this study, we aimed to improve rice farmers’ productivity and profitability in rainfed lowlands through appropriate crop and nutrient management by closing the rice yield gap during the dry season in the rainfed lowlands of Indonesia. The Integrated Crop Management package, involving recommended practices (RP) from the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), were compared to the farmers’ current practices at ten farmer-participatory demonstration plots across ten provinces of Indonesia in 2019. The farmers’ practices (FP) usually involved using old varieties in their remaining land and following their existing fertilizer management methods. The results indicate that improved varieties and nutrient best management practices in rice production, along with water reservoir infrastructure and information access, contribute to increasing the productivity and profitability of rice farming. The mean rice yield increased significantly with RP compared with FP by 1.9 t ha⁻¹ (ranges between 1.476 to 2.344 t ha⁻¹), and net returns increased, after deducting the cost of fertilizers and machinery used for irrigation supplements, by USD 656 ha⁻¹ (ranges between USD 266.1 to 867.9 ha⁻¹) per crop cycle. This represents an exploitable yield gap of 37%. Disaggregated by the wet climate of western Indonesia and eastern Indonesia’s dry climate, the RP increased rice productivity by 1.8 and 2.0 t ha⁻¹, with an additional net return gain per cycle of USD 600 and 712 ha⁻¹, respectively. These results suggest that there is considerable potential to increase the rice production output from lowland rainfed rice systems by increasing cropping intensity and productivity. Here, we lay out the potential for site-specific variety and nutrient management with appropriate crop and supplemental irrigation as an ICM package, reducing the yield gap and increasing farmers’ yield and income during the dry season in Indonesia’s rainfed-prone areas.

The potency and challenges of sorghum development in tidal swamplands in Indonesia have yet to be well studied. Thus, our study is the first to evaluate the land suitability, economic performance, and strategies for developing sorghum in the tidal swamplands in Central Kalimantan. We use the land suitability evaluation method, a gross margin and profit analysis, a break-even analysis, and a competitive analysis as the methods for assessing the potency and utilization of sorghum in this study. As a tool for decision-making, SWOT was also used, followed by a quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) analysis. The results show that 578,511 ha of arable land is suitable for sorghum development. Economically, sorghum farming can generate IDR 12,894,000 per ha with a revenue-cost ratio of 1.72; the break-even price would be IDR 2447 per kg, around 42% lower than the current market price. Sorghum is also more competitive than cassava (Q = 0.76), sweet potato (Q = 0.58), and soybeans (Q = 0.61) and less competitive than maize (Q = 1.33). Based on the QSPM analysis, five alternative strategies were obtained for developing sorghum in tidal swamplands: (1) optimization of productivity; (2) improvement in the quality of human resources for farmers; (3) facilitation of partnership cooperation; (4) application of site-specific technology; and (5) optimization of waste utilization. These strategies show that the expansion of sorghum planting has potential in the tidal swamplands and economic value for the community.

This study aimed to determine the increase of rice cropping index from 1 to 2 in several rice varieties supported by river dam irrigation on dry land during the second growing season. The research was conducted in dry land in Pacarejo, Semanu, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in March-Juli 2019 during second growing season. The increasing of rice cropping index utilized supplementary irrigation from river dam to maintain soil moisture. Rice varieties used were Inpari 24, Inpari 30, Inpari 32, and Inpari 33, complete with a package of technological components. The result showed 139 mm of rainfall with 11 rainy days, so that the most of crop water requirements came from river dam irrigation. Inpari 24 gave the highest grain yield (442.8 kg/1,000 m²) which was not different from Inpari 30 but different from Inpari 32 and Inpari 33. Inpari 24 carbon absorption was 503.8 kg/1,000 m², consisting of 207.4 kg/1,000m² in grain, 218.6 kg/1,000 m² in straw, and 77.9 kg/1,000 m² in root which was different from Inpari 32 (p<0.05; n=3). B/C Inpari 24 was 1.18 and farmers profit was Rp. 1,006,600/1,000 m². The profit of rice cultivation in all rice varieties were higher than groundnut with higher irrigation costs.

Organic and conventional management in rice cultivation have an impact on the nature of soil and the sustainability of agricultural system. This study aimed to determine the stratification of organic carbon and nitrogen in top soil from organic and conventional rice management. Top soil samples from organic and conventional rice management were taken before planting rice to find out the parameters of several soil characteristics. After rice was planted, top soil samples were taken at the depths of 0-4, 4-8, 8-12, 12-16, 16-20, 20-24 and 24-28 cm from organic and conventional rice fields, to determine the total organic carbon, total nitrogen and nitrate. The results show that organic rice management will provide better soil properties. Stratification of organic carbon and nitrogen was found in top soil from organic and conventional rice fields. Organic rice field appeared to have organic carbon content that was significantly higher than that of conventional rice field, and it is concentrated on top soil surface. The total nitrogen content in layers 0-4 cm and 4-8 cm in organic rice field was considerably higher than in conventional, but the content was different in layers 8-24 cm. Nitrate content was significantly different in top soil 12-16, 16-20 and 20-24 cm, significantly in top soil 8-12 cm, with nitrate in top soil of conventional rice field higher than in organic rice field. However, it was not significant in 0-4 cm and 4-8 cm top soils. This condition was influenced by organic and synthetic chemical fertilization, nitrification, denitrification and leaching.

Increasing rice production through area expansion is very difficult to do in Gunungkidul Regency. Increasing the rice cropping index is an alternative option in increasing rice production, supported by supplementary irrigation. This study aimed to determine the increase in the rice cropping index from 1 to 2 by utilizing supplementary irrigation from the Oyo River Dam. The research was conducted at Sambirejo, Watusigar Village, Ngawen Sub-district, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta during the second planting season in 2019. During planting time, rainfall was observed to determine irrigation time. In conditions without rain, the irrigation interval was not more than 5 days. The randomized completely block design (RCBD) was used to determine the suitability variety of Inpari 19, Inpari 24, Inpari 30, Inpari 42 and Sidenuk in the conditions of the second planting season, complete with a package of rice production technology components. The data collected includes rainfall, harvest age and rice productivity. Farmers' perceptions was explored to determine acceptance of technology components. The results showed that supplementary irrigation from the Oyo River Dam was sufficient to increase the rice planting index in the second planting season. Variety of Inpari 24, Inpari 19 and Inpari 30 had high productivity, with Inpari 19 being prospectively developed for rice cultivation in the second planting season. Most farmers receive a package of technology components, but were constrained by capital for irrigation.

Ijarah contract is a contract of transfer of usufructuary rights over an item or service through payment of rental wages, without being followed by a transfer of ownership of the goods themselves. One example of an ijarah contract is renting a boarding house, but in its implementation there are unexpected problems that result in termination or cancellation of the agreement. This study aims to find out how the ijarah contract reviews will be rented out in boarding houses in Jayaraga Village, Tarogong Kidul District, Garut Regency during the Covid 19 Pandemic.The research method used is field research with descriptive qualitative research and the sample in this study is the boarding house room located in Jayaraga Village, Tarogong Kidul District, Garut Regency. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used are interviews, direct observation and documentation. The results of the study show that if the ijarah agreement is carried out in renting a boarding house room, it has fulfilled the pillars and conditions of the Ijarah contract, and violations that occur in the ijarah contract must be resolved by both parties without harming either party. Abstrak. Akad ijarah merupakan akad pemindahan hak guna atas suatu barang atau jasa melalui pembayaran upah sewa, tanpa diikuti dengan pemindahan kepemilikan atas barang itu sendiri. Salah satu contoh dari akad ijarah adalah sewa menyewa kamar indekos, akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaaannya terdapat permasalahan diluar dugaan yang mengakibatkan adanya pemutusan atau pembatalan perjanjian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tinjauan akad ijarah terhadap akan sewa-menyewa kamar indekos di Desa Jayaraga Kecamatan Tarogong Kidul Kabupaten Garut pada saat masa Pandemi Covid 19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu kamar Indekos yang berada di Desa Jayaraga Kecamatan Tarogong Kidul Kabupaten Garut. Sumber data yang dugunakan merupakan data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi langsung dan dokumnetasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan jika Akad ijarah yang dilakukan dalam sewa menyewa kamar indekos sudah memenuhi rukun dan syarat Akad Ijarah, dan pelanggaran yang terjadi dalam akad ijarah harus diselesaikan oleh kedua belah pihak tanpa merugikan salah satu pihak.