These recommendations are specifically for polymers and polymer systems showing a significant response to an electromagnetic field or one of its components (electric field or magnetic field), i.e., for electromagnetic-field-responsive polymer materials. The structures, processes, phenomena and quantities relating to this interdisciplinary field of materials science and technology are herein defined. Definitions are unambiguously explained and harmonized for wide acceptance by the chemistry, physics, polymer and materials science communities. A survey of typical electromagnetic-field-responsive polymers is included.

Subbandgap absorption of chemical-vapor-deposition diamond films, with nitrogen contents varying from 10 to 132 ppm has been explored by the constant-photoconductivity method (CPM), photothermal-deflection spectroscopy (PDS) and electron spin resonance (ESR). The spectra measured by PDS increase monotonically and are structureless with increasing photon energies indicating absorption due to amorphous carbon and graphite. The CPM data show distinct features, with absorption bands at hν=1.6, 4.0, and 4.7 eV in the nominally undoped film, and 2.4 and 4.7 eV in nitrogen-rich layers respectively. The CPM spectra of the doped films are comparable to photoconductivity data of synthetic Ib diamond. The defect densities involved increase with increasing nitrogen content. From ESR, a vacancy-related defect density (g=2.0028) is deduced. Paramagnetic nitrogen (g=2.0024) can be detected in the high-quality CVD layer or by illuminating the nitrogen-rich samples with photon energies larger than the band gap. © 1996 The American Physical Society.

In this work, we propose natural rubber latex (NRL) membranes as a protein delivery system. For this purpose Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was incorporated into the latex solution for in vitro protein delivery experiments. Different polymerization temperatures were used, from -10 to 27 °C, in order to control the membrane morphology. These membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), as well as the Lowry Method to measure the BSA release. SEM and AFM microscopy analysis showed that the number, size and distribution of pores in NRL membranes can be varied, as well as its overall morphology. We have found that the morphology of the membrane is the predominant factor for higher protein release, compared with pore size and number of pores. Results demonstrated that the best drug-delivery system was the membrane polymerized at RT (27 °C), which does release 66% of its BSA content for up to 18 days. Our results indicate that NRLb could be used in the future as an active membrane that could accelerate bone healing in GBR.FAPESPCNPq - IMMPCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Three hydrogen-terminated diamonds with different surface roughness and morphologies have been investigated by conductivity and Hall experiments in the temperature regime 0.34–350 K. The sheet hole densities are weakly temperature dependent above a critical temperature $T_c$ $\text{(20\hspace{0.05em}}\mathrm{K}{\mathrm{⩽T}}_c\text{⩽70\hspace{0.05em}}\mathrm{K}\mathrm{),}$ below $T_c$ carriers freeze out. The mobilities of holes show a minimum at $T_c$ increasing towards higher and even stronger towards lower temperatures significantly up to 400 cm²/V s. A transport model is introduced where holes propagate in the valence band where a disorder-induced tail of localized states is present.