The hazards of plastic waste (PW) from polymers (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nylon, polystyrene (PS), etc.), the mechanism of its spread in general, and its ubiquity in our daily lives as a continuously and/or frequently expelled product are a crisis of the twenty-first century, as reported by the United Nations in 2019, especially after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research included the process of modifying the rheological properties of asphalt to obtain asphalt suitable for use in a high-humidity atmosphere. The Iraqi climate is characterized by heat that reaches the point of harshness in the summer and coldness that falls below zero on some winter days. From this point of view, our recent study focuses mainly on making rheological and chemical modifications to asphalt using spent polymeric materials and used lubricating oils (ULO), thus achieving two important goals, namely obtaining asphalt with rheological properties resistant to the Iraqi atmosphere as well as eliminating both solid and liquid environmental pollutants. The microstructure and morphology of the designed patches were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to indicate phase composition.

This research is a recent effort to explore some new heterocyclic compounds as novel and potential nonstructural protein-16-nonstructural protein-10 (Nsp16-Nsp10) inhibitors for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inhibition. The SARS-CoV-2 is causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A set of 58 molecules belongs to the naphthyridine and quinoline derivatives have been recently synthesized and considered for structure-based virtual screening against Nsp16-Nsp10. Molecular docking was virtually performed to screen for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity against Nsp16-Nsp10. Fourteen out of fifty-eight compounds were exhibited binding affinity higher than co-crystal bound ligand s-adenosylmethionine (SAM) toward Nsp16-Nsp10. Further, the in silico pharmacokinetics assessment was carried out and it was found that two molecules possess the acceptable pharmacokinetic profile, hence considered promising Nsp16-Nsp10 inhibitors. The binding interaction analysis was revealed some crucial binding interactions between the final selected two molecules and ligand-binding amino acid residues of Nsp16-Nsp10 protein. In order to explore the characteristics of the protein–ligand complex and how selected small molecules retained inside the receptor cavity in dynamic states, all-atoms conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed. Several factors were obtained from the MD simulation trajectory evidently suggested the potentiality of the molecules and stability of the protein–ligand complex. Finally, the binding affinity of both molecules and SAM was explored through the MM-GBSA approach which explained that both molecules possess strong affection towards the Nsp16-Nsp10. Hence, from the pharmacoinformatics assessment, it can be concluded that both heterocyclic compounds might be crucial for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition, subjected to experimental validation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

This class of compounds, which is known as Hydrazide has great significance in organic chemistry. This is the reason why methods of preparation of different types of compounds that are useful in many fields are studied here. It is characterized by containing an active group, which is (-CONHNH2), which consists of two nitrogen atoms attached to four substitutes, and at least one of these substitutes must be an (acyl) or (aryl) group. It is known that these compounds have very important medical, pharmaceutical and industrial functions and applications. Some of them have been employed in the treatment of many common and dangerous diseases, such as respiratory diseases and malaria. In addition, they are highly useful in preparing some important drugs used in the treatment of some chronic diseases related to blood vessels and muscle spasms, showing a wide variety of biological activities, including antibacterial, mitigating, anticonvulsant, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activity. Moreover, they may be used as raw materials in preparing many classes of heterocyclic compounds, including oxadiazole and diazole compounds. Finally, they show significance in industrial applications, particularly in the manufacture of dyes, agricultural pesticides, and growth stimulants for plants and Agricultural crops.

In this paper, a new series of substituted 1, 2,4-triazines was prepared by reacting 4-amino sulfanilic acid with substituted benzaldehyde to form the corresponding Schiff base compounds (1-5), and then reacting two moles of O-methoxy benzaldehyde with hydrazine to form a compound (6) and these compounds reacted with Schiff base (1-5) by applying the Diels-alder reaction in the presence of benzene as a solvent and refluxed it to cyclized into substituted of 1,2,4- triazines derivatives (7-11). Depending on the physical and spectroscopic properties of the prepared compounds that were identified, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance were used. An evaluation of the biological activity of the prepared compounds was conducted and it gave anti-bacterial results, such as gram-positive and gram-negative when compared with known antibiotics.

In this study, a novel GO/Fe@TANG composite catalyst was designed by functionalizing graphene oxide (GO) with iron (Fe) and incorporating a hydrogen (H ₂ ) trapping TANG COF.