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The physical-chemical characterization of plastic litter from the marine environment requires the prior removal of the biofouling attached to their surface without causing any degradation in the polymer. The absence of a standardized protocol for digesting biofouling and organic matter of both macro and microplastic samples extracted from seawater has been the main motivation for this research work, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different solvents (hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, a commercial enzymatic detergent, and potassium hydroxide) for the digestion of organic matter and biofouling in different samples recovered from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coast. Moreover, the potential effect of those solvents on the physical-chemical structure of polymers, four virgin plastic reference materials (low-density polyethylene, polyamide, poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polystyrene) without any type of prior degradation has been characterized in terms of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical microscopy. Results indicate that the hydrogen peroxide at 15% concentration applied for one week at 40 °C is the most effective solvent for organic matter and biofouling removal, without causing any apparent damage on the structure of plastic samples analyzed.
Amaia Mendoza; Galder Kortaberria; Florencio Marzo; Ugo Mayor; Oihane Basurko; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. Solvent-Based Elimination of Organic Matter from Marine-Collected Plastics. Environments 2021, 8, 68 .
AMA StyleAmaia Mendoza, Galder Kortaberria, Florencio Marzo, Ugo Mayor, Oihane Basurko, Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. Solvent-Based Elimination of Organic Matter from Marine-Collected Plastics. Environments. 2021; 8 (7):68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmaia Mendoza; Galder Kortaberria; Florencio Marzo; Ugo Mayor; Oihane Basurko; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. 2021. "Solvent-Based Elimination of Organic Matter from Marine-Collected Plastics." Environments 8, no. 7: 68.
Bamboo constitutes a family of plants that are very promising and interesting as renewable materials for both large and small structure construction. To be used as an alternative to traditional materials; the understanding of its morphology and mechanical behavior is of crucial importance. As the distribution of fibers and vascular bundles differs for each type of bamboo; several bamboo types have been characterized: Phyllostachys aurea (PA), Arundinaria amabilis (AA) and Dendrocalamus strictus (DS). Morphological analysis has been performed by optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differences in density; surface morphology and wall thickness have been found. In fact; PA and AA have shown a great morphological regularity; while DS presents the greatest thickness; to the point that it can be considered full culm. The plant’s own ducts constitute a very important factor for future impregnations and the optimization of mechanical properties for structure construction.
Asier Elejoste; Alfonso Arevalillo; Nagore Gabilondo; Amaia Butron; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. Morphological Analysis of Several Bamboo Species with Potential Structural Applications. Polymers 2021, 13, 2126 .
AMA StyleAsier Elejoste, Alfonso Arevalillo, Nagore Gabilondo, Amaia Butron, Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. Morphological Analysis of Several Bamboo Species with Potential Structural Applications. Polymers. 2021; 13 (13):2126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsier Elejoste; Alfonso Arevalillo; Nagore Gabilondo; Amaia Butron; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. 2021. "Morphological Analysis of Several Bamboo Species with Potential Structural Applications." Polymers 13, no. 13: 2126.
The depolymerization process of PET by glycolysis into BHET monomer is optimized in terms of reaction temperature and time, by carrying out the process under pressure to be faster for reducing the energy required. Almost pure BHET has been obtained by working in a pressure reactor at 3 bar both at 220 and 180 °C after short reaction times, while for longer ones a mixture of oligomers and dimers is obtained. Depending on the potential application required, the obtention of different reaction products is controlled by adjusting reaction temperature and time. The use of a pressure reactor allows work at lower temperatures and shorter reaction times, obtaining almost pure BHET. To the best of our knowledge, except for microwave-assisted procedures, it is the first time in which pure BHET is obtained after such short reaction times, at lower temperatures than those usually employed.
Eider Mendiburu-Valor; Gurutz Mondragon; Nekane González; Galder Kortaberria; Arantxa Eceiza; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. Improving the Efficiency for the Production of Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Terephtalate (BHET) from the Glycolysis Reaction of Poly(Ethylene Terephtalate) (PET) in a Pressure Reactor. Polymers 2021, 13, 1461 .
AMA StyleEider Mendiburu-Valor, Gurutz Mondragon, Nekane González, Galder Kortaberria, Arantxa Eceiza, Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. Improving the Efficiency for the Production of Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Terephtalate (BHET) from the Glycolysis Reaction of Poly(Ethylene Terephtalate) (PET) in a Pressure Reactor. Polymers. 2021; 13 (9):1461.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEider Mendiburu-Valor; Gurutz Mondragon; Nekane González; Galder Kortaberria; Arantxa Eceiza; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. 2021. "Improving the Efficiency for the Production of Bis-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Terephtalate (BHET) from the Glycolysis Reaction of Poly(Ethylene Terephtalate) (PET) in a Pressure Reactor." Polymers 13, no. 9: 1461.
3D printing has exponentially grown in popularity due to the personalization of each printed part it offers, making it extremely beneficial for the very demanding biomedical industry. This technique has been extensively developed and optimized and the advances that now reside in the development of new materials suitable for 3D printing, which may open the door to new applications. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most commonly used 3D printing technique. However, filaments suitable for FDM must meet certain criteria for a successful printing process and thus the optimization of their properties in often necessary. The aim of this work was to prepare a flexible and printable polyurethane filament parting from a biocompatible waterborne polyurethane, which shows potential for biomedical applications. In order to improve filament properties and printability, cellulose nanofibers and graphene were employed to prepare polyurethane based nanocomposites. Prepared nanocomposite filaments showed altered properties which directly impacted their printability. Graphene containing nanocomposites presented sound enough thermal and mechanical properties for a good printing process. Moreover, these filaments were employed in FDM to obtained 3D printed parts, which showed good shape fidelity. Properties exhibited by polyurethane and graphene filaments show potential to be used in biomedical applications.
Izaskun Larraza; Julen Vadillo; Tamara Calvo-Correas; Alvaro Tejado; Sheila Olza; Cristina Peña-Rodríguez; Aitor Arbelaiz; Arantxa Eceiza. Cellulose and Graphene Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites for FDM 3D Printing: Filament Properties and Printability. Polymers 2021, 13, 839 .
AMA StyleIzaskun Larraza, Julen Vadillo, Tamara Calvo-Correas, Alvaro Tejado, Sheila Olza, Cristina Peña-Rodríguez, Aitor Arbelaiz, Arantxa Eceiza. Cellulose and Graphene Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites for FDM 3D Printing: Filament Properties and Printability. Polymers. 2021; 13 (5):839.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzaskun Larraza; Julen Vadillo; Tamara Calvo-Correas; Alvaro Tejado; Sheila Olza; Cristina Peña-Rodríguez; Aitor Arbelaiz; Arantxa Eceiza. 2021. "Cellulose and Graphene Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites for FDM 3D Printing: Filament Properties and Printability." Polymers 13, no. 5: 839.
Microplastics (MPs) are an environmental problem of growing concern, and several studies have defined the Bay of Biscay (BoB) as a marine litter accumulation area. To address the abundance of MPs in this region, a critical overview is presented compiling the research performed to date on the different water bodies, sediments and biota. The comparative assessment highlights high spatial and temporal variability in MP distribution. MPs appear in at least 50% of the samples in waters and sediments. Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester and polystyrene are the most frequent polymers, with a significant predominance of fragments and fibres. The BoB can be considered a region with medium concentration of MPs. However, monitoring programmes are needed to compile data over time and thus evaluate the historical trends of MP pollution. The difficulty of comparing studies is highlighted, due to the use of different methodologies. Hence, the harmonisation of monitoring methods is urgently required.
Amaia Mendoza; Juan Luis Osa; Oihane C. Basurko; Anna Rubio; María Santos; Jesús Gago; François Galgani; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. Microplastics in the Bay of Biscay: An overview. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2020, 153, 110996 .
AMA StyleAmaia Mendoza, Juan Luis Osa, Oihane C. Basurko, Anna Rubio, María Santos, Jesús Gago, François Galgani, Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. Microplastics in the Bay of Biscay: An overview. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2020; 153 ():110996.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmaia Mendoza; Juan Luis Osa; Oihane C. Basurko; Anna Rubio; María Santos; Jesús Gago; François Galgani; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez. 2020. "Microplastics in the Bay of Biscay: An overview." Marine Pollution Bulletin 153, no. : 110996.
Azken hamarkada arte ez gara itsas ingurumenean mikro-plastikoen (MPen) presentziaz kontziente izan. MPak itsaso eta kostaldeetan metatzen diren eta 5 mm baino tamaina txikiagoko plastiko partikulak dira, zenbait produktu eta aplikazioetan erabilitako plastikozko material txikiak isurtzearen, edo beste objektu handiago batzuen zatikapenaren ondorioz sortuak direnak. Beraien arriskuaren benetako zenbaterainokoa ezezaguna da eta mundu osoan zehar jatorria, presentzia eta eraginak ikertzen ari dira. Lan honek MPei buruz munduan zehar egin diren hainbat ikerketa lan bildu ditu, mundu mailan itsas konpartimentu ezberdinetan MPei dagokionez aurkitu daitekeen egoera orokorra aurkezteko helburuarekin, mugak eta ezagutze hutsuneak azpimarratuz. Itsaso-konpartimentu guztietan topatu dira MPak: ur-azalean, sedimentuetan (itsas hondoan, hondartzetan eta kostan oro har) eta biotan. MP kopuruak nabarmenki behatutako konpartimentuaren, neurketa-teknikaren, eremu geografikoaren eta, baita neurketa momentuaren arabera aldatzen dira. Ikerketak alderatzeko zailtasunak nabarmentzen dira, erabilitako metodologia ezberdinak direla medio. Hori dela eta, prozedurak bateratzeko premiazko beharra dago. Mundu mailan gehien ekoizten diren polimero motak izaki, polipropilenoa, polietilenoa eta poliestirenoa dira MPetan gehien azaltzen direnak. Ozeanoetako MPen banaketa eta eraginaren efektuei buruzko informazioa mugatua da oraindik. Guzti honengatik, egindako lana sakondu beharra dago eskala ezberdinetan (lokalean, eskualdean eta mundu mailan): metodologiak adostu, monitorizazio programak ezarri, iturriak hausnartu, MP sekundarioen degradazio mekanismoetan sakondu, eta konpartimentuen arteko dinamikak eta ingurumen zein giza osasunean eraginak aztertu.
Amaia Mendoza; Juan Luis Osa; Galder Kortaberria; Cristina Peña-Rodríguez; Oihane C. Basurko. Mikro-plastikoen iturriak eta egoera orokorra mundu mailako itsaso eta ozeanoetan. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleAmaia Mendoza, Juan Luis Osa, Galder Kortaberria, Cristina Peña-Rodríguez, Oihane C. Basurko. Mikro-plastikoen iturriak eta egoera orokorra mundu mailako itsaso eta ozeanoetan. EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmaia Mendoza; Juan Luis Osa; Galder Kortaberria; Cristina Peña-Rodríguez; Oihane C. Basurko. 2019. "Mikro-plastikoen iturriak eta egoera orokorra mundu mailako itsaso eta ozeanoetan." EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria , no. : 1.
The objective of this work is to analyze the possibility of thermomechanical recycling of polyamide 6 (PA6) from fishing nets waste. The effect of thermomechanical processing on PA yarns obtained from fishing nets waste was investigated by means of physicochemical, rheological, and thermal characterization. Infrared analysis indicated that the chemical composition of samples before and after thermomechanical recycling process was maintained, also confirmed by the thermal transitions detected by calorimetry and the presence of main peaks related to γ and α crystal phases of polyamides at X‐ray diffraction spectra. As rheological and mechanical behavior showed by all recycled samples after processing is similar to those for virgin one, PA obtained from fishing nets waste seems to be valid for recycling, as they can be processed for different potential industrial applications without any remarkable loss of main properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48442.
Gurutz Mondragon; Galder Kortaberria; Eider Mendiburu; Nekane González; Aitor Arbelaiz; Cristina Peña‐Rodriguez. Thermomechanical recycling of polyamide 6 from fishing nets waste. Journal of Polymer Science 2019, 137, 1 .
AMA StyleGurutz Mondragon, Galder Kortaberria, Eider Mendiburu, Nekane González, Aitor Arbelaiz, Cristina Peña‐Rodriguez. Thermomechanical recycling of polyamide 6 from fishing nets waste. Journal of Polymer Science. 2019; 137 (10):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGurutz Mondragon; Galder Kortaberria; Eider Mendiburu; Nekane González; Aitor Arbelaiz; Cristina Peña‐Rodriguez. 2019. "Thermomechanical recycling of polyamide 6 from fishing nets waste." Journal of Polymer Science 137, no. 10: 1.
As a consequence of the high production and simultaneous consumption of polyurethanes (PU) a great volume of PU waste is landfilled. In this scenario, suitable and efficient routes for PU waste recycling have been searched for many years. In this work two series of PUs using different recycled PU sources were synthesized: a thermoplastic PU series using a glycolysated polyol obtained from the glycolysis of elastomeric PU waste (chemical recycling) and a PU flexible foam series loaded with PU dust waste created in the shaping of PU surf tables (mechanical recycling). Results showed that the incorporation of recycled components in the formulation improved mechanical properties both in the case of thermoplastic polyurethanes and polyurethane foams. The optimum glycolysated polyol was fixed in 15% over the total polyol weight for thermoplastic PUs. In the case of foams, a maximum of 20% PU dust over the polyol weight was incorporated.
Lorena Ugarte; Tamara Calvo-Correas; Itziar Gonzalez-Gurrutxaga; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez; Oihane Etxeberria; Maria Angeles Corcuera; Arantxa Eceiza. Towards Circular Economy: Different Strategies for Polyurethane Waste Recycling and the Obtaining of New Products. Proceedings 2018, 2, 1490 .
AMA StyleLorena Ugarte, Tamara Calvo-Correas, Itziar Gonzalez-Gurrutxaga, Cristina Peña-Rodriguez, Oihane Etxeberria, Maria Angeles Corcuera, Arantxa Eceiza. Towards Circular Economy: Different Strategies for Polyurethane Waste Recycling and the Obtaining of New Products. Proceedings. 2018; 2 (23):1490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorena Ugarte; Tamara Calvo-Correas; Itziar Gonzalez-Gurrutxaga; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez; Oihane Etxeberria; Maria Angeles Corcuera; Arantxa Eceiza. 2018. "Towards Circular Economy: Different Strategies for Polyurethane Waste Recycling and the Obtaining of New Products." Proceedings 2, no. 23: 1490.
G. Mondragon; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Arantxa Eceiza; A. Arbelaiz. Physico-Chemical and Morphological Characterization of Cellulosic Samples Obtained from Sisal Fibers. Journal of Renewable Materials 2017, 5, 345 -356.
AMA StyleG. Mondragon, Cristina Peña Rodriguez, Arantxa Eceiza, A. Arbelaiz. Physico-Chemical and Morphological Characterization of Cellulosic Samples Obtained from Sisal Fibers. Journal of Renewable Materials. 2017; 5 (5):345-356.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Mondragon; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Arantxa Eceiza; A. Arbelaiz. 2017. "Physico-Chemical and Morphological Characterization of Cellulosic Samples Obtained from Sisal Fibers." Journal of Renewable Materials 5, no. 5: 345-356.
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were isolated from sisal fibres and were incorporated in the form of an aqueous suspension to a waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) synthesized from components derived from natural sources using an aliphatic diisocyanate. Transparent nanocomposite films with different CNC contents were prepared using a casting method. The morphology, thermal behaviour and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized. Homogeneous distribution of CNC in the WBPU, even at high CNC contents was observed, resulting in an increase of 100% in modulus for systems with 5 and 10 wt% of CNC, with high elongations around 650%.
Gurutz Mondragon; Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart; M. E. V. Hormaiztegui; A. Arbelaiz; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; V. Mucci; Mª Angeles Corcuera; Mirta Inés Aranguren; A. Eceiza. Nanocomposites of Waterborne Polyurethane Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals from Sisal Fibres. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 2017, 26, 1869 -1880.
AMA StyleGurutz Mondragon, Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart, M. E. V. Hormaiztegui, A. Arbelaiz, Cristina Peña Rodriguez, V. Mucci, Mª Angeles Corcuera, Mirta Inés Aranguren, A. Eceiza. Nanocomposites of Waterborne Polyurethane Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals from Sisal Fibres. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 2017; 26 (5):1869-1880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGurutz Mondragon; Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart; M. E. V. Hormaiztegui; A. Arbelaiz; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; V. Mucci; Mª Angeles Corcuera; Mirta Inés Aranguren; A. Eceiza. 2017. "Nanocomposites of Waterborne Polyurethane Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals from Sisal Fibres." Journal of Polymers and the Environment 26, no. 5: 1869-1880.
Sandra Gómez-Fernández; Lorena Ugarte; Tamara Calvo-Correas; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Mª Angeles Corcuera; Arantxa Eceiza. Properties of flexible polyurethane foams containing isocyanate functionalized kraft lignin. Industrial Crops and Products 2017, 100, 51 -64.
AMA StyleSandra Gómez-Fernández, Lorena Ugarte, Tamara Calvo-Correas, Cristina Peña Rodriguez, Mª Angeles Corcuera, Arantxa Eceiza. Properties of flexible polyurethane foams containing isocyanate functionalized kraft lignin. Industrial Crops and Products. 2017; 100 ():51-64.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Gómez-Fernández; Lorena Ugarte; Tamara Calvo-Correas; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Mª Angeles Corcuera; Arantxa Eceiza. 2017. "Properties of flexible polyurethane foams containing isocyanate functionalized kraft lignin." Industrial Crops and Products 100, no. : 51-64.
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are isolated from office waste paper using an alkali solution and a subsequent acid hydrolysis process. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrate that ink and fillers used in the papermaking industry are almost totally removed after alkali treatments. The XRD results show that CNCs obtained after 2 wt % NaOH solution treatment and a subsequent hydrolysis process exhibit only a cellulose I crystalline structure, and the crystallinity index value increases around 42% with respect to initial office waste paper. Nevertheless, CNCs obtained after 7.5 wt % NaOH solution treatment and a subsequent acid hydrolysis process show a mixture of cellulose I and cellulose II polymorphs. The thermal analysis shows that the CNCs obtained after 7.5 wt % NaOH solution treatment and a subsequent acid hydrolysis process are thermally less stable than other samples, suggesting that the cellulose chains could depolymerize into low molecular weight sugar compounds. Even though the atomic force microscopy images confirm the presence of CNCs, the optical images show that some cellulose microfibers still maintain their structure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45257.
Ander Orue; Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart; Arantxa Eceiza; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Aitor Arbelaiz. Office waste paper as cellulose nanocrystal source. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2017, 134, 45257 .
AMA StyleAnder Orue, Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart, Arantxa Eceiza, Cristina Peña Rodriguez, Aitor Arbelaiz. Office waste paper as cellulose nanocrystal source. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2017; 134 (35):45257.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnder Orue; Arantzazu Santamaria-Echart; Arantxa Eceiza; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Aitor Arbelaiz. 2017. "Office waste paper as cellulose nanocrystal source." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 134, no. 35: 45257.
This chapter contains sections titled: IntroductionExperimentalResults and DiscussionConclusionsAcknowledgments
A. Arbelaiz; J. Trifol; C. Pe˜a-Rodriguez; Jalel Labidi; Arantxa Eceiza. Modification of Poly(lactic acid) Matrix by Chemically Modified Flax Fiber Bundles and Poly(ethylene glycol) Plasticizer. Polyethylene-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 2016, 429 -445.
AMA StyleA. Arbelaiz, J. Trifol, C. Pe˜a-Rodriguez, Jalel Labidi, Arantxa Eceiza. Modification of Poly(lactic acid) Matrix by Chemically Modified Flax Fiber Bundles and Poly(ethylene glycol) Plasticizer. Polyethylene-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites. 2016; ():429-445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Arbelaiz; J. Trifol; C. Pe˜a-Rodriguez; Jalel Labidi; Arantxa Eceiza. 2016. "Modification of Poly(lactic acid) Matrix by Chemically Modified Flax Fiber Bundles and Poly(ethylene glycol) Plasticizer." Polyethylene-Based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites , no. : 429-445.
In this work the effect of the addition of a phosphorus containing polyol (E560) and different type of layered double hydroxides (LDH) to flexible polyurethane foams synthesized with a castor oil based polyol (LB50) is reported. A carbonate intercalated commercial synthetic hydrotalcite (LDH-CO3) and modified LDH with intercalated hydrogen phosphate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate (LDH-HPO4 and LDH-HDEHP, respectively) were used. The density and the compression force deflection values of the foams increased with the addition of E560, while the effect of the different LDH depended on their dispersion degree, which was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. It was found by thermogravimetric analysis that E560 catalyzed the first degradation stage whereas LDH, especially those modified with phosphorus, showed a barrier effect which delayed the thermal degradation with respect to unfilled foams containing E560. It was also observed by pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry that the combination of E560 with LDH led to decrease the total heat release and heat release capacity comparing to foams fully synthesized with LB50. Both E560 and LDH resulted also to decrease the peak heat release rate separately in both stages of degradation.
Sandra Gómez-Fernández; Lorena Ugarte; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Mª Angeles Corcuera; Arantxa Eceiza. The effect of phosphorus containing polyol and layered double hydroxides on the properties of a castor oil based flexible polyurethane foam. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2016, 132, 41 -51.
AMA StyleSandra Gómez-Fernández, Lorena Ugarte, Cristina Peña Rodriguez, Mª Angeles Corcuera, Arantxa Eceiza. The effect of phosphorus containing polyol and layered double hydroxides on the properties of a castor oil based flexible polyurethane foam. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2016; 132 ():41-51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Gómez-Fernández; Lorena Ugarte; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Mª Angeles Corcuera; Arantxa Eceiza. 2016. "The effect of phosphorus containing polyol and layered double hydroxides on the properties of a castor oil based flexible polyurethane foam." Polymer Degradation and Stability 132, no. : 41-51.
Organic rodlike cellulose nanocrystals extracted from sisal fibers and inorganic montmorillonite based on silicate layers were employed to develop bionanocomposites based on gelatin matrix. Bionanocomposites with cellulose nanocrystal, montmorillonite and both nanoreinforcements combined were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Tensile properties and oxygen and water vapor gas permeability values were determined to study the influence of the addition of nanoreinforcements, different in nature, to gelatin matrix. Bionanocomposites with montmorillonite improved tensile strength but systems reinforced with nanocellulose showed lower tensile strength than neat gelatin ones. Oxygen gas permeability values decreased for all bionanocomposites, especially for montmorillonite systems; however, after the incorporation of reinforcements water vapor permeability increased.
Mercedes Echegaray; Gurutz Mondragon; Loli Martin; Alba González; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Aitor Arbelaiz. Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Gelatin Reinforced with Nanocellulose and Montmorillonite. Journal of Renewable Materials 2016, 4, 206 -214.
AMA StyleMercedes Echegaray, Gurutz Mondragon, Loli Martin, Alba González, Cristina Peña Rodriguez, Aitor Arbelaiz. Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Gelatin Reinforced with Nanocellulose and Montmorillonite. Journal of Renewable Materials. 2016; 4 (3):206-214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMercedes Echegaray; Gurutz Mondragon; Loli Martin; Alba González; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Aitor Arbelaiz. 2016. "Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Gelatin Reinforced with Nanocellulose and Montmorillonite." Journal of Renewable Materials 4, no. 3: 206-214.
The main aim of this work was to study the effect of sisal fiber surface treatments on water uptake behavior of composites based on untreated and treated fibers. For this purpose, sisal fibers were treated with different chemical treatments. All surface treatments delayed the water absorption of fibers only for a short time of period. No significant differences were observed in water uptake profiles of composites based on fibers with different surface treatments. After water uptake period, tensile strength and Young modulus values of sisal fiber/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were decreased. On the other hand, composites based on NaOH + silane treated fibers showed the lowest diffusion coefficient values, suggesting that this treatment seemed to be the most effective treatment to reduce water diffusion rate into the composites. Finally, Young modulus values of composites, before water uptake period, were predicted using different micromechanical models and were compared with experimental data.
Ander Orue; Arantxa Eceiza; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez; Aitor Arbelaiz. Water Uptake Behavior and Young Modulus Prediction of Composites Based on Treated Sisal Fibers and Poly(Lactic Acid). Materials 2016, 9, 400 .
AMA StyleAnder Orue, Arantxa Eceiza, Cristina Peña-Rodriguez, Aitor Arbelaiz. Water Uptake Behavior and Young Modulus Prediction of Composites Based on Treated Sisal Fibers and Poly(Lactic Acid). Materials. 2016; 9 (5):400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnder Orue; Arantxa Eceiza; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez; Aitor Arbelaiz. 2016. "Water Uptake Behavior and Young Modulus Prediction of Composites Based on Treated Sisal Fibers and Poly(Lactic Acid)." Materials 9, no. 5: 400.
A carbonate intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH-CO3) was subjected to a calcination–rehydration treatment in order to intercalate two different phosphorus containing anions (HPO4− 2 and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, HDEHP−) into the hydroxide layers. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the anions were successfully intercalated presenting different crystallinity degree and crystallite size, being LDH-CO3 the most crystalline, followed by LDH-HDEHP and LDH-HPO4. The effect of the addition of unmodified and modified LDH in different quantities (1, 3 and 5 pphp) to a flexible polyurethane foam matrix containing a castor oil based polyether was studied. Depending on the crystallinity of the LDH, different dispersion degree was achieved in the nanocomposites affecting the properties differently. Density and firmness increased with the addition of LDH while lower resilience values were obtained in foams containing 3 pphp of LDH-CO3 and LDH-HPO4. In addition, thermal behaviour of nanocomposites was analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis flow combustion calorimetry (PCFC) and was compared to the reference foam. A decrease in heat release rate was observed in the second stage of degradation, especially for LDH-HDEHP containing foam.
Sandra Gómez-Fernández; Lorena Ugarte; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez; Manuela Zubitur; M. Ángeles Corcuera; Arantxa Eceiza. Flexible polyurethane foam nanocomposites with modified layered double hydroxides. Applied Clay Science 2016, 123, 109 -120.
AMA StyleSandra Gómez-Fernández, Lorena Ugarte, Cristina Peña-Rodriguez, Manuela Zubitur, M. Ángeles Corcuera, Arantxa Eceiza. Flexible polyurethane foam nanocomposites with modified layered double hydroxides. Applied Clay Science. 2016; 123 ():109-120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Gómez-Fernández; Lorena Ugarte; Cristina Peña-Rodriguez; Manuela Zubitur; M. Ángeles Corcuera; Arantxa Eceiza. 2016. "Flexible polyurethane foam nanocomposites with modified layered double hydroxides." Applied Clay Science 123, no. : 109-120.
Clara García-Astrain; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; A. Retegi; Arantxa Eceiza; Mª Angeles Corcuera; N. Gabilondo. Green chemistry for the cross-linking of photo-sensitive furan modified gelatin. Materials Letters 2015, 160, 142 -145.
AMA StyleClara García-Astrain, Cristina Peña Rodriguez, A. Retegi, Arantxa Eceiza, Mª Angeles Corcuera, N. Gabilondo. Green chemistry for the cross-linking of photo-sensitive furan modified gelatin. Materials Letters. 2015; 160 ():142-145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClara García-Astrain; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; A. Retegi; Arantxa Eceiza; Mª Angeles Corcuera; N. Gabilondo. 2015. "Green chemistry for the cross-linking of photo-sensitive furan modified gelatin." Materials Letters 160, no. : 142-145.
Sorbitol arises to be a strong candidate for renewably sourced polyol synthesis. Moreover, processes for extracting sorbitol directly from cellulosic materials are effective, and materials such as agroforestry residues could be used as green sorbitol sources. Rigid polyurethane foams were successfully synthesized by using mixtures of a sorbitol based high functionality polyol and a corn based diol. Microstructure and properties of the rigid polyurethane foams were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, thermal conductivity measurements, compression tests, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Results showed that the cross-linking density of the formed polymer network was directly modified by polyol mixture ratio, and microstructure and properties also changed in consonance. The incorporation of different amounts of a diol with longer chain length between hydroxyl groups allowed fixing the rigidity of the foams, opening the door to the possibility of designing rigid polyurethane foams with tailored properties.
Lorena Ugarte; Sandra Gómez-Fernández; Cristina Peña-Rodrı́uez; Aleksander Prociak; Maria Angeles Corcuera; Arantxa Eceiza. Tailoring Mechanical Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams by Sorbitol and Corn Derived Biopolyol Mixtures. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2015, 3, 3382 -3387.
AMA StyleLorena Ugarte, Sandra Gómez-Fernández, Cristina Peña-Rodrı́uez, Aleksander Prociak, Maria Angeles Corcuera, Arantxa Eceiza. Tailoring Mechanical Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams by Sorbitol and Corn Derived Biopolyol Mixtures. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2015; 3 (12):3382-3387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorena Ugarte; Sandra Gómez-Fernández; Cristina Peña-Rodrı́uez; Aleksander Prociak; Maria Angeles Corcuera; Arantxa Eceiza. 2015. "Tailoring Mechanical Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foams by Sorbitol and Corn Derived Biopolyol Mixtures." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 3, no. 12: 3382-3387.
A. Orue; A. Jauregi; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Jalel Labidi; Arantxa Eceiza; Aitor Arbelaiz. The effect of surface modifications on sisal fiber properties and sisal/poly (lactic acid) interface adhesion. Composites Part B: Engineering 2015, 73, 132 -138.
AMA StyleA. Orue, A. Jauregi, Cristina Peña Rodriguez, Jalel Labidi, Arantxa Eceiza, Aitor Arbelaiz. The effect of surface modifications on sisal fiber properties and sisal/poly (lactic acid) interface adhesion. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2015; 73 ():132-138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Orue; A. Jauregi; Cristina Peña Rodriguez; Jalel Labidi; Arantxa Eceiza; Aitor Arbelaiz. 2015. "The effect of surface modifications on sisal fiber properties and sisal/poly (lactic acid) interface adhesion." Composites Part B: Engineering 73, no. : 132-138.