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Isabella Pires Ferreira Corrêa
Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering–Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

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Review
Published: 21 April 2021 in Sustainable Chemistry
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With the global biodiesel production growing as never seen before, encouraged by government policies, fiscal incentives, and emissions laws to control air pollution, there has been the collateral effect of generating massive amounts of crude glycerol, a by-product from the biodiesel industry. The positive effect of minimizing CO2 emissions using biofuels is jeopardized by the fact that the waste generated by this industry represents an enormous environmental disadvantage. The strategy of viewing “waste as a resource” led the scientific community to propose numerous processes that use glycerol as raw material. Solketal, the product of the reaction of glycerol and acetone, stands out as a promising fuel additive capable of enhancing fuel octane number and oxidation stability, diminishing particle emissions and gum formation, and enhancing properties at low temperatures. The production of this chemical can rely on several of the Green Chemistry principles, besides fitting the Circular Economy Model, once it can be reinserted in the biofuel production chain. This paper reviews the recent advances in solketal production, focusing on continuous production processes and on Process Intensification strategies. The performance of different catalysts under various operational conditions is summarized and the proposed industrial solketal production processes are compared.

ACS Style

Isabella Corrêa; Rui Faria; Alírio Rodrigues. Continuous Valorization of Glycerol into Solketal: Recent Advances on Catalysts, Processes, and Industrial Perspectives. Sustainable Chemistry 2021, 2, 286 -324.

AMA Style

Isabella Corrêa, Rui Faria, Alírio Rodrigues. Continuous Valorization of Glycerol into Solketal: Recent Advances on Catalysts, Processes, and Industrial Perspectives. Sustainable Chemistry. 2021; 2 (2):286-324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabella Corrêa; Rui Faria; Alírio Rodrigues. 2021. "Continuous Valorization of Glycerol into Solketal: Recent Advances on Catalysts, Processes, and Industrial Perspectives." Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 2: 286-324.

Research article
Published: 22 January 2020 in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
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Biodiesel production has been generating increasing amounts of glycerol as by-product, therefore effective strategies are required to convert it into valuable chemicals to enhance the sustainability of the biodiesel production chain. In this work, solketal was synthesized by reacting glycerol with acetone (in the presence of ethanol) in a fixed bed adsorptive reactor packed with Amberlyst-35. Additionally, adsorption equilibrium isotherms for all the compounds of the process were determined at 313 K through a frontal analysis methodology and the results were fitted through a competitive multicomponent Langmuir model. It was possible to conclude that water was the most adsorbed compound while solketal was the least. The potential for implementation of sorption enhanced reactive processes was experimentally demonstrated since the conversion values transitorily attained during the solketal synthesis process were approximately 30% above the equilibrium values. Finally, all the experimental results were accompanied by numerical simulation using a comprehensive mathematical model that was able to accurately describe the results.

ACS Style

Miguel N. Moreira; Isabella Pires Ferreira Corrêa; Ana Mafalda Ribeiro; Alirio Egidio Rodrigues; Rui P. V. Faria. Solketal Production in a Fixed Bed Adsorptive Reactor through the Ketalization of Glycerol. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2020, 59, 2805 -2816.

AMA Style

Miguel N. Moreira, Isabella Pires Ferreira Corrêa, Ana Mafalda Ribeiro, Alirio Egidio Rodrigues, Rui P. V. Faria. Solketal Production in a Fixed Bed Adsorptive Reactor through the Ketalization of Glycerol. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2020; 59 (7):2805-2816.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel N. Moreira; Isabella Pires Ferreira Corrêa; Ana Mafalda Ribeiro; Alirio Egidio Rodrigues; Rui P. V. Faria. 2020. "Solketal Production in a Fixed Bed Adsorptive Reactor through the Ketalization of Glycerol." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 59, no. 7: 2805-2816.