Background: Gastric cancer (GC) has been considered as the 5th most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. The aim of this historical cohort study was to evaluate the survival predictors for all patients with GC using the Cox proportional hazards, extended Cox, and gamma-frailty models. Methods: This historical cohort study was performed according to documents of 1695 individuals having GC referred to three medical centers in Iran from 2001 to 2018. First, most significant prognostic risk factors on survival were selected, Cox proportional hazards, extended Cox, gamma-frailty models were applied to evaluate the effects of the risk factors, and then these models were compared with the Akaike information criterion. Results: The age of patients, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, type of treatment and grade of the tumor increased the hazard rate (HR) of GC patients in both the Cox and frailty models (P < 0.05). Also, the size of the tumor and BMI were considered as time-varying variables in the extended Cox model. Moreover, the frailty model showed that there is at least an unknown factor, genetic or environmental factors, in the model that is not measured (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Some prognostic factors, including age, tumor size, the grade of the tumor, type of treatment and BMI, were regarded as indispensable predictors in patients of GC. Frailty model revealed that there are unknown or latent factors, genetic and environmental factors, resulting in the biased estimates of the regression coefficients.

Background: Tumor-specific neoantigens are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. As research findings have proved, neoantigen-specific T cell activity is immunotherapy’s most important determinant. Main text: There is sufficient evidence showing the role of neoantigens in clinically successful immunotherapy, providing a justification for targeting. Because of the significance of the pre-existing anti-tumor immune response for the immune checkpoint inhibitor, it is believed that personalized neoantigen-based therapy may be an imperative approach for cancer therapy. Thus, intensive attention is given to strategies targeting neoantigens for the significant impact with other immunotherapies, such as the immune checkpoint inhibitor. Today, several algorithms are designed and optimized based on Next-Generation Sequencing and public databases, including dbPepNeo, TANTIGEN 2.0, Cancer Antigenic Peptide Database, NEPdb, and CEDAR databases for predicting neoantigens in silico that stimulates the development of T cell therapies, cancer vaccine, and other ongoing immunotherapy approaches. Conclusions: In this review, we deliberated the current developments in understanding and recognition of the immunogenicity of newly found gastrointestinal neoantigens as well as their functions in immunotherapies and cancer detection. We also described how neoantigens are being developed and how they might be used in the treatment of GI malignancies.

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are the most common occupational injuries in dentists. These disorders occur due to the specific characteristics of dentistry occupation such as the use of tools and instruments and awkward posture. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of multifaceted ergonomic program on reducing musculoskeletal disorders in dentists.

Background: Women with heart failure (HF) ejection fraction appeared to respond more favorably to sacubitril/valsartan, compared with valsartan, than men in PARAGON‐HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI With ARB Global Outcomes in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction), driven by a greater reduction in total (first and recurrent) HF hospitalizations. Sex‐specific efficacy and safety of sacubitril/valsartan in PARADIGM‐HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI With ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure) remain unreported. Methods and Results: This post hoc analysis of PARADIGM‐HF examined sex‐based outcomes in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction randomized to sacubitril/valsartan or enalapril. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization. Secondary and exploratory efficacy outcomes, biomarker changes, and safety outcomes were also assessed. Among 8399 participants, 1832 (21.8%) were women. Women were older, had worse New York Heart Association functional class and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores, more symptoms of HF, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, yet had lower rates of HF hospitalization (and other worsening of HF) and cardiovascular death than men. Compared with enalapril, sacubitril/valsartan reduced the risk of the primary end point to a similar extent in both sexes: hazard ratios, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.62–0.94) in women and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73–0.89) in men ( P ‐interaction=0.62). Results were consistent for the individual components of the primary outcome. The rate ratio for total HF hospitalizations was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.48–0.89) in women and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69–0.94) in men ( P ‐interaction=0.25). Randomized treatment discontinuation and adverse effects of interest were similar in women and men. Conclusions: In PARADIGM‐HF, sacubitril/valsartan, compared with enalapril, reduced the risk of HF hospitalizations, death from cardiovascular causes, and death from any cause similarly in women and men with HF with reduced ejection fraction. In addition, sacubitril/valsartan was safe and well tolerated, irrespective of sex. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique Identifier: NCT01035255.

Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most important problems in the health workforce. These discomforts cause many working days losses, increase absenteeism from work, and impose annual economic costs. Awkward posture is the most important factor among the risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed at implementing an interventional ergonomic program to minimize musculoskeletal disorder among dentists.

Background: Musculoskeletal symptoms are the main cause of loss of working time, and increase in labor costs. Poor posture is the most important risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. This study aimed at evaluating the role of ergonomic risk factors in different surgical (open surgery, laparoscopy, and microsurgery) in the frequency or resonance frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms.