Sleep is receiving increasing attention in public health. The aim of this umbrella review is to determine what non-pharmacological sleep health interventions have been evaluated among healthy populations, by examining target groups, settings, and effectiveness in improving sleep quality and duration. Comprehensive searches were conducted in five electronic databases (January 1975–February 2019), yielding 6505 records. Thirty-five articles were selected meeting the following eligibility criteria: (1) systematic reviews or meta-analyses of (2) sleep health interventions in (3) primarily healthy populations. Two reviewers independently screened for inclusion, extracted the data, and assessed the review quality. This umbrella review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019126291). Eleven intervention types were defined, and their effectiveness discussed. Substantial evidence demonstrated the effectiveness of later school start times, behavior change methods, and mind–body exercise. Other intervention types, including sleep education or relaxation techniques, demonstrated some promising impacts on sleep, but with less consistent evidence. Results were limited by high heterogeneity between studies, mixed results, and variable review quality. Nevertheless, this umbrella review is a first step towards understanding the current state of sleep health promotion and gives an overview of interventions across the lifespan.

Aims: To assess the sleep strategies that nurses working irregular night shifts use to improve their sleep quality, and to compare the strategies of good and poor sleepers to determine whether the differences between the two groups could provide insights into possible effective strategies.Design: A qualitative descriptive study.Methods: The study was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020. Thirty‐four nurses working irregular night shifts participated; 17 were classified as good sleepers and 17 as poor sleepers based on the Sleep‐Wake Experience List, a validated self‐report instrument that measures one's sleep quality. Interviews were conducted using open questions to explore strategies around the night‐shift set. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.Findings: Both groups described similar and different strategies that help them work and sleep well during and after night shifts. However, good sleepers mentioned a greater number of strategies and seemed to have thought about them more than poor sleepers. The most common strategies were having a clear structure, being organized—especially regarding sleeping time—maintaining a daily routine and adjusting their sleep environment.Conclusion: Healthcare institutions should consider offering education and training programs aimed at empowering nurses who work irregular night shifts. These programs should provide nurses with various sleep strategies to enhance their sleep quality and overall well‐being.Implications for the Profession: Nurses working irregular night shifts can possibly enhance their sleep quality by making personalized plans, for example, including a clear day structure, or an optimized sleep environment.Impact: The study focused on how nurses working night shifts could possibly enhance their sleep quality. The findings highlight the importance of providing nurses with diverse sleep strategies to improve sleep quality, helping them to identify what works best for them and consistently apply these strategies.Reporting Method: The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were followed.Patient or Public Contribution: Nurses working irregular night shifts at Maastricht University Medical Center in Maastricht, the Netherlands, who agreed to participate in the study, engaged in a discussion to assess the relevance of sleep quality to their work. They were also encouraged to share their perspectives during the interviews.

BACKGROUND: Shift work affects the mental and physical health of nurses, yet the effect of working irregular shifts on sleep and its association with the need for recovery is under-explored. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep quality of nurses working irregular shifts, including night shifts, and to determine whether sleep quality is associated with the need for recovery. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 405 nurses working irregular shifts. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics, the Sleep-Wake Experience List, sleep problems, sleep duration, and the Need for Recovery scale. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, logistic and multiple linear regressions. RESULTS: Nurses who worked irregular shifts had poor sleep quality. Those who also worked night shifts, had significantly poorer sleep quality and experienced more difficulties in daily functioning than those who did not work night shifts. Sleep quality was significantly associated with the need for recovery and this remained so after controlling for confounding variables (β= .554, p = .001). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that in nurses who work irregular shifts, the sleep quality is low. In this group, the sleep quality in nurses who work night shifts is lower than in nurses who do not work night shifts. Furthermore, better sleep quality was associated with lower need for recovery. These findings suggest that improving sleep quality in nurses working irregular shifts may lower their need for recovery, which may improve health, and reduce burnout and sickness absence.

Background and Aim: Stroke remains one of the leading causes of long‐term disability worldwide, profoundly impacting patients' quality of life (QoL) and functional independence. This study aimed to assess quality of life (QoL) and functional outcomes among post‐stroke patients in Al‐Baha, Saudi Arabia, and to examine their associations with demographic, clinical, and rehabilitation factors. Methods: This study assessed QoL and functional outcomes among 125 post‐stroke patients in Al‐Baha, Saudi Arabia, from April 2023 to May 2024 at King Fahad Hospital. Quality of life (QoL) was evaluated using the EuroQol 5‐Dimension 3‐Level (EQ‐5D‐3L), while functional outcomes were measured with the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Associations of sociodemographic and clinical variables with QoL and functional outcomes were analyzed using chi‐square tests. Results: The mean QoL score was 14 ± 4.57, indicating moderate impairment. Mobility and pain/discomfort were the most impacted dimensions, with 12% and 37% of participants reporting extreme issues, respectively. Self‐rated health revealed that 45% of participants considered themselves ‘excellent’ health, while 19% rated their health as ‘poor’ ( p < 0.001). Younger participants (18–30 years) reported better QoL ( p = 0.025). Functional outcomes revealed that 59% had favorable mRS scores (0–2), while 41% had poor outcomes (3–6). Physiotherapy utilization was associated with functional outcomes, but poorer outcomes were observed among recipients likely due to selection bias. ( p = 0.047) but not with QoL scores. Conclusions: Findings highlight mobility limitations and pain/discomfort as the most affected dimensions of quality of life. Younger patients demonstrated better outcomes, while physiotherapy was associated with functional status, likely reflecting baseline severity rather than treatment effect. These results emphasize the importance of targeted, individualized rehabilitation strategies for post‐stroke populations.

BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread health concern despite the abundant sunlight in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among adult citizens in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the factors influencing the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among adult citizens in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 373 participants (53.6% male, 46.4% female) recruited from Al Baha. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary data were gathered through structured questionnaires, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured using ELISA. Vitamin D levels were categorized as sufficient (≥30 ng/ml), insufficient (20–29.9 ng/ml), or deficient (<20 ng/ml). Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate associations between vitamin D levels and various factors. RESULTS Vitamin D inadequacy affected 80% of participants, with 60.6% deficient and 19.6% insufficient. Inadequacy was more prevalent among females (85%) compared to males (76%) (OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.1–3.0, P=.03). Younger participants (18–28 years), office workers, and those with limited sun exposure showed higher prevalence rates. Dietary intake of vitamin D-enriched foods was inversely associated with vitamin D inadequacy. Significant associations were observed with fatigue (OR=6.3, 95% CI=2.3–18, P <.001) and bone pain (P=.014). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the multifactorial nature of vitamin D inadequacy in Al Baha, emphasizing the roles of gender, age, sun exposure, and dietary habits. Targeted public health initiatives promoting lifestyle changes, dietary improvements, and routine vitamin D screening are necessary to address this issue and improve population health outcomes.