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Stephan Günther
Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine

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Virology division news
Published: 31 August 2021 in Archives of Virology
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In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

ACS Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology 2021, 1 -54.

AMA Style

Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Bernard R. Agwanda, Rim Al Kubrusli, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Christopher F. Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Andrew J. Bennett, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H. Bird, Carol D. Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Dag-Ragnar Blystad, Jamie Bojko, Wayne B. Borth, Steven Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Judith K. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H. Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Qi Cheng, Yuya Chiaki, Marco Chiapello, Il-Ryong Choi, Marina Ciuffo, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Ian Crozier, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rik L. de Swart, Humberto Debat, Nolwenn M. Dheilly, Emiliano Di Cicco, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Olga Dolnik, Michael A. Drebot, J. Felix Drexler, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Hugh W. Ferguson, Anthony R. Fooks, Marco Forgia, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Jana Fránová, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Jingjing Fu, Stephanie Fürl, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Thomas Gaskin, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Tony L. Goldberg, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, Roy A. Hall, John Hammond, Tong Han, Jussi Hepojoki, Roger Hewson, Jiang Hong, Ni Hong, Seiji Hongo, Masayuki Horie, John S. Hu, Tao Hu, Holly R. Hughes, Florian Hüttner, Timothy H. Hyndman, M. Ilyas, Risto Jalkanen, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono, Karia H. Kaukinen, Michael Kawate, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Igor Koloniuk, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Gael Kurath, Lies Laenen, Amy J. Lambert, Stanley L. Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elliot J. Lefkowitz, Eric M. Leroy, Shaorong Li, Longhui Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Huazhen Liu, Igor S. Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Sebastien Massart, John W. McCauley, Michael Melzer, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Kristina M. Miller, Tobi J. Ming, Ali Mirazimi, Gideon J. Mordecai, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A. Navarro, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Adam C. Park, Colin R. Parrish, David A. Patterson, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan Payne, Carlotta Peracchio, Daniel R. Pérez, Thomas S. Postler, Liying Qi, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Bertus K. Rima, Gabriel Robles Luna, Víctor Romanowski, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Sead Sabanadzovic, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S. Salvato, Rosemary Sang, Takahide Sasaya, Angela D. Schulze, Martin Schwemmle, Mang Shi, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Yukio Shirako, Stuart G. Siddell, Peter Simmonds, Manuela Sironi, Guy Smagghe, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Jari Sugano, Curtis A. Suttle, Amy Tabata, Ayato Takada, Shigeharu Takeuchi, David P. Tchouassi, Amy Teffer, Robert B. Tesh, Natalie J. Thornburg, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Baldwyn Torto, Jonathan S. Towner, Shinya Tsuda, Changchun Tu, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E. Tzanetakis, Janice Uchida, Tomio Usugi, Anna Maria Vaira, Marta Vallino, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Guoping Wang, Yanxiang Wang, Yaqin Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Tàiyún Wèi, Shaohua Wen, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Jiangxiang Wu, Lei Xu, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Caixia Yang, Zuokun Yang, F. Murilo Zerbini, Lifeng Zhai, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Song Zhang, Jinguo Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Xueping Zhou. 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2021; ():1-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Bernard R. Agwanda; Rim Al Kubrusli; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Christopher F. Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Nicolas Bejerman; Andrew J. Bennett; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol D. Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Dag-Ragnar Blystad; Jamie Bojko; Wayne B. Borth; Steven Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Judith K. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Carmen Büttner; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Qi Cheng; Yuya Chiaki; Marco Chiapello; Il-Ryong Choi; Marina Ciuffo; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; Elena Dal Bó; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Xavier de Lamballerie; Rik L. de Swart; Humberto Debat; Nolwenn M. Dheilly; Emiliano Di Cicco; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; J. Felix Drexler; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; Ralf Dürrwald; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Hugh W. Ferguson; Anthony R. Fooks; Marco Forgia; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Jana Fránová; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Jingjing Fu; Stephanie Fürl; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Thomas Gaskin; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Tony L. Goldberg; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Tong Han; Jussi Hepojoki; Roger Hewson; Jiang Hong; Ni Hong; Seiji Hongo; Masayuki Horie; John S. Hu; Tao Hu; Holly R. Hughes; Florian Hüttner; Timothy H. Hyndman; M. Ilyas; Risto Jalkanen; Dàohóng Jiāng; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Fujio Kadono; Karia H. Kaukinen; Michael Kawate; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Igor Koloniuk; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Kenji Kubota; Gael Kurath; Lies Laenen; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elliot J. Lefkowitz; Eric M. Leroy; Shaorong Li; Longhui Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Huazhen Liu; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel de Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sebastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Michael Melzer; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Kristina M. Miller; Tobi J. Ming; Ali Mirazimi; Gideon J. Mordecai; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallás; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Sofia Paraskevopoulou; Adam C. Park; Colin R. Parrish; David A. Patterson; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Carlotta Peracchio; Daniel R. Pérez; Thomas S. Postler; Liying Qi; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Gabriel Robles Luna; Víctor Romanowski; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Luisa Rubino; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Sead Sabanadzovic; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Rosemary Sang; Takahide Sasaya; Angela D. Schulze; Martin Schwemmle; Mang Shi; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yoshifumi Shimomoto; Yukio Shirako; Stuart G. Siddell; Peter Simmonds; Manuela Sironi; Guy Smagghe; Sophie Smither; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Jari Sugano; Curtis A. Suttle; Amy Tabata; Ayato Takada; Shigeharu Takeuchi; David P. Tchouassi; Amy Teffer; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Yasuhiro Tomitaka; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Baldwyn Torto; Jonathan S. Towner; Shinya Tsuda; Changchun Tu; Massimo Turina; Ioannis E. Tzanetakis; Janice Uchida; Tomio Usugi; Anna Maria Vaira; Marta Vallino; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Susanne von Bargen; Jiro Wada; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Lin-Fa Wang; Guoping Wang; Yanxiang Wang; Yaqin Wang; Muhammad Waqas; Tàiyún Wèi; Shaohua Wen; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Jiangxiang Wu; Lei Xu; Hironobu Yanagisawa; Caixia Yang; Zuokun Yang; F. Murilo Zerbini; Lifeng Zhai; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Song Zhang; Jinguo Zhang; Zhe Zhang; Xueping Zhou. 2021. "2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales." Archives of Virology , no. : 1-54.

Preprint content
Published: 24 June 2021
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Lassa virus, which causes annual outbreaks in West Africa with increasing case numbers in recent years, is recognized by the WHO R&D blueprint as a significant threat for public health with high epidemic potential and no effective countermeasures. The viral large (L) protein, which contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is a key player for transcription of viral mRNA and genome replication. Here we present nine cryo-EM structures of Lassa virus L protein in the apo-, promoter-bound pre-initiation and active RNA synthesis states. We characterize distinct binding pockets for the conserved genomic 3' and 5' promoter RNAs and show how full-promoter binding induces a distinct pre-initiation conformation. In the apo- and elongation states, the endonuclease is inhibited by the binding of two distinct L protein peptides in the active site, respectively, whereas in the pre-initiation state, the endonuclease is uninhibited. In the stalled, early elongation state, a template-product duplex is bound in the active site cavity together with an incoming non-hydrolysable nucleotide. In this configuration, the full C-terminal region of the L protein, including the putative cap-binding domain, is highly ordered. The structural data are complemented by in vitro and cell-based studies testing a broad range of L protein mutants to probe functional relevance. These data advance our mechanistic understanding of how this flexible and multifunctional molecular machine is activated and will underpin antiviral drug development targeting the arenavirus L protein.

ACS Style

Tomas Kouba; Dominik Vogel; Sigurdur R. Thorkelsson; Emmanuelle R. J. Quemin; Harry M. Williams; Morlin Milewski; Carola Busch; Stephan Guenther; Kay Gruenewald; Maria Rosenthal; Stephen Cusack. Conformational changes in Lassa virus L protein associated with promoter binding and RNA synthesis activity. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Tomas Kouba, Dominik Vogel, Sigurdur R. Thorkelsson, Emmanuelle R. J. Quemin, Harry M. Williams, Morlin Milewski, Carola Busch, Stephan Guenther, Kay Gruenewald, Maria Rosenthal, Stephen Cusack. Conformational changes in Lassa virus L protein associated with promoter binding and RNA synthesis activity. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomas Kouba; Dominik Vogel; Sigurdur R. Thorkelsson; Emmanuelle R. J. Quemin; Harry M. Williams; Morlin Milewski; Carola Busch; Stephan Guenther; Kay Gruenewald; Maria Rosenthal; Stephen Cusack. 2021. "Conformational changes in Lassa virus L protein associated with promoter binding and RNA synthesis activity." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2021 in Viruses
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Natural hosts of most arenaviruses are rodents. The human-pathogenic Lassa virus and several non-pathogenic arenaviruses such as Morogoro virus (MORV) share the same host species, namely Mastomys natalensis (M. natalensis). In this study, we investigated the history of infection and virus transmission within the natural host population. To this end, we infected M. natalensis at different ages with MORV and measured the health status of the animals, virus load in blood and organs, the development of virus-specific antibodies, and the ability of the infected individuals to transmit the virus. To explore the impact of the lack of evolutionary virus–host adaptation, experiments were also conducted with Mobala virus (MOBV), which does not share M. natalensis as a natural host. Animals infected with MORV up to two weeks after birth developed persistent infection, seroconverted and were able to transmit the virus horizontally. Animals older than two weeks at the time of infection rapidly cleared the virus. In contrast, MOBV-infected neonates neither developed persistent infection nor were able to transmit the virus. In conclusion, we demonstrate that MORV is able to develop persistent infection in its natural host, but only after inoculation shortly after birth. A related arenavirus that is not evolutionarily adapted to M. natalensis is not able to establish persistent infection. Persistently infected animals appear to be important to maintain virus transmission within the host population.

ACS Style

Chris Hoffmann; Stephanie Wurr; Elisa Pallasch; Sabrina Bockholt; Toni Rieger; Stephan Günther; Lisa Oestereich. Experimental Morogoro Virus Infection in Its Natural Host, Mastomys natalensis. Viruses 2021, 13, 851 .

AMA Style

Chris Hoffmann, Stephanie Wurr, Elisa Pallasch, Sabrina Bockholt, Toni Rieger, Stephan Günther, Lisa Oestereich. Experimental Morogoro Virus Infection in Its Natural Host, Mastomys natalensis. Viruses. 2021; 13 (5):851.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris Hoffmann; Stephanie Wurr; Elisa Pallasch; Sabrina Bockholt; Toni Rieger; Stephan Günther; Lisa Oestereich. 2021. "Experimental Morogoro Virus Infection in Its Natural Host, Mastomys natalensis." Viruses 13, no. 5: 851.

Report
Published: 02 April 2021 in Science
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is creating tremendous human suffering. To date, no effective drug is available to directly treat the disease. In a search for a drug against COVID-19, we have performed a high-throughput x-ray crystallographic screen of two repurposing drug libraries against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), which is essential for viral replication. In contrast to commonly applied x-ray fragment screening experiments with molecules of low complexity, our screen tested already-approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials. From the three-dimensional protein structures, we identified 37 compounds that bind to Mpro. In subsequent cell-based viral reduction assays, one peptidomimetic and six nonpeptidic compounds showed antiviral activity at nontoxic concentrations. We identified two allosteric binding sites representing attractive targets for drug development against SARS-CoV-2.

ACS Style

Sebastian Günther; Patrick Y. A. Reinke; Yaiza Fernández-García; Julia Lieske; Thomas J. Lane; Helen M. Ginn; Faisal H. M. Koua; Christiane Ehrt; Wiebke Ewert; Dominik Oberthuer; Oleksandr Yefanov; Susanne Meier; Kristina Lorenzen; Boris Krichel; Janine-Denise Kopicki; Luca Gelisio; Wolfgang Brehm; Ilona Dunkel; Brandon Seychell; Henry Gieseler; Brenna Norton-Baker; Beatriz Escudero-Pérez; Martin Domaracky; Sofiane Saouane; Alexandra Tolstikova; Thomas A. White; Anna Hänle; Michael Groessler; Holger Fleckenstein; Fabian Trost; Marina Galchenkova; Yaroslav Gevorkov; Chufeng Li; Salah Awel; Ariana Peck; Miriam Barthelmess; Frank Schluenzen; Paulraj Lourdu Xavier; Nadine Werner; Hina Andaleeb; Najeeb Ullah; Sven Falke; Vasundara Srinivasan; Bruno Alves França; Martin Schwinzer; Hévila Brognaro; Cromarte Rogers; Diogo Melo; Joanna J. Zaitseva-Doyle; Juraj Knoska; Gisel E. Peña-Murillo; Aida Rahmani Mashhour; Vincent Hennicke; Pontus Fischer; Johanna Hakanpää; Jan Meyer; Philip Gribbon; Bernhard Ellinger; Maria Kuzikov; Markus Wolf; Andrea R. Beccari; Gleb Bourenkov; David von Stetten; Guillaume Pompidor; Isabel Bento; Saravanan Panneerselvam; Ivars Karpics; Thomas R. Schneider; Maria Marta Garcia-Alai; Stephan Niebling; Christian Günther; Christina Schmidt; Robin Schubert; Huijong Han; Juliane Boger; Diana C. F. Monteiro; Linlin Zhang; Xinyuanyuan Sun; Jonathan Pletzer-Zelgert; Jan Wollenhaupt; Christian G. Feiler; Manfred S. Weiss; Eike-Christian Schulz; Pedram Mehrabi; Katarina Karničar; Aleksandra Usenik; Jure Loboda; Henning Tidow; Ashwin Chari; Rolf Hilgenfeld; Charlotte Uetrecht; Russell Cox; Andrea Zaliani; Tobias Beck; Matthias Rarey; Stephan Günther; Dusan Turk; Winfried Hinrichs; Henry N. Chapman; Arwen R. Pearson; Christian Betzel; Alke Meents. X-ray screening identifies active site and allosteric inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Science 2021, 372, 642 -646.

AMA Style

Sebastian Günther, Patrick Y. A. Reinke, Yaiza Fernández-García, Julia Lieske, Thomas J. Lane, Helen M. Ginn, Faisal H. M. Koua, Christiane Ehrt, Wiebke Ewert, Dominik Oberthuer, Oleksandr Yefanov, Susanne Meier, Kristina Lorenzen, Boris Krichel, Janine-Denise Kopicki, Luca Gelisio, Wolfgang Brehm, Ilona Dunkel, Brandon Seychell, Henry Gieseler, Brenna Norton-Baker, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez, Martin Domaracky, Sofiane Saouane, Alexandra Tolstikova, Thomas A. White, Anna Hänle, Michael Groessler, Holger Fleckenstein, Fabian Trost, Marina Galchenkova, Yaroslav Gevorkov, Chufeng Li, Salah Awel, Ariana Peck, Miriam Barthelmess, Frank Schluenzen, Paulraj Lourdu Xavier, Nadine Werner, Hina Andaleeb, Najeeb Ullah, Sven Falke, Vasundara Srinivasan, Bruno Alves França, Martin Schwinzer, Hévila Brognaro, Cromarte Rogers, Diogo Melo, Joanna J. Zaitseva-Doyle, Juraj Knoska, Gisel E. Peña-Murillo, Aida Rahmani Mashhour, Vincent Hennicke, Pontus Fischer, Johanna Hakanpää, Jan Meyer, Philip Gribbon, Bernhard Ellinger, Maria Kuzikov, Markus Wolf, Andrea R. Beccari, Gleb Bourenkov, David von Stetten, Guillaume Pompidor, Isabel Bento, Saravanan Panneerselvam, Ivars Karpics, Thomas R. Schneider, Maria Marta Garcia-Alai, Stephan Niebling, Christian Günther, Christina Schmidt, Robin Schubert, Huijong Han, Juliane Boger, Diana C. F. Monteiro, Linlin Zhang, Xinyuanyuan Sun, Jonathan Pletzer-Zelgert, Jan Wollenhaupt, Christian G. Feiler, Manfred S. Weiss, Eike-Christian Schulz, Pedram Mehrabi, Katarina Karničar, Aleksandra Usenik, Jure Loboda, Henning Tidow, Ashwin Chari, Rolf Hilgenfeld, Charlotte Uetrecht, Russell Cox, Andrea Zaliani, Tobias Beck, Matthias Rarey, Stephan Günther, Dusan Turk, Winfried Hinrichs, Henry N. Chapman, Arwen R. Pearson, Christian Betzel, Alke Meents. X-ray screening identifies active site and allosteric inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Science. 2021; 372 (6542):642-646.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastian Günther; Patrick Y. A. Reinke; Yaiza Fernández-García; Julia Lieske; Thomas J. Lane; Helen M. Ginn; Faisal H. M. Koua; Christiane Ehrt; Wiebke Ewert; Dominik Oberthuer; Oleksandr Yefanov; Susanne Meier; Kristina Lorenzen; Boris Krichel; Janine-Denise Kopicki; Luca Gelisio; Wolfgang Brehm; Ilona Dunkel; Brandon Seychell; Henry Gieseler; Brenna Norton-Baker; Beatriz Escudero-Pérez; Martin Domaracky; Sofiane Saouane; Alexandra Tolstikova; Thomas A. White; Anna Hänle; Michael Groessler; Holger Fleckenstein; Fabian Trost; Marina Galchenkova; Yaroslav Gevorkov; Chufeng Li; Salah Awel; Ariana Peck; Miriam Barthelmess; Frank Schluenzen; Paulraj Lourdu Xavier; Nadine Werner; Hina Andaleeb; Najeeb Ullah; Sven Falke; Vasundara Srinivasan; Bruno Alves França; Martin Schwinzer; Hévila Brognaro; Cromarte Rogers; Diogo Melo; Joanna J. Zaitseva-Doyle; Juraj Knoska; Gisel E. Peña-Murillo; Aida Rahmani Mashhour; Vincent Hennicke; Pontus Fischer; Johanna Hakanpää; Jan Meyer; Philip Gribbon; Bernhard Ellinger; Maria Kuzikov; Markus Wolf; Andrea R. Beccari; Gleb Bourenkov; David von Stetten; Guillaume Pompidor; Isabel Bento; Saravanan Panneerselvam; Ivars Karpics; Thomas R. Schneider; Maria Marta Garcia-Alai; Stephan Niebling; Christian Günther; Christina Schmidt; Robin Schubert; Huijong Han; Juliane Boger; Diana C. F. Monteiro; Linlin Zhang; Xinyuanyuan Sun; Jonathan Pletzer-Zelgert; Jan Wollenhaupt; Christian G. Feiler; Manfred S. Weiss; Eike-Christian Schulz; Pedram Mehrabi; Katarina Karničar; Aleksandra Usenik; Jure Loboda; Henning Tidow; Ashwin Chari; Rolf Hilgenfeld; Charlotte Uetrecht; Russell Cox; Andrea Zaliani; Tobias Beck; Matthias Rarey; Stephan Günther; Dusan Turk; Winfried Hinrichs; Henry N. Chapman; Arwen R. Pearson; Christian Betzel; Alke Meents. 2021. "X-ray screening identifies active site and allosteric inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease." Science 372, no. 6542: 642-646.

Communication
Published: 15 March 2021 in Microorganisms
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To prevent the emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases and reduce their epidemic potential, we need to understand their origins in nature. Bats in the order Chiroptera are widely distributed worldwide and are natural reservoirs of prominent zoonotic viruses, including Nipah virus, Marburg virus, and possibly SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we applied unbiased metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to decipher the virosphere of frugivorous and insectivorous bat species captured in Guéckédou, Guinea, the epicenter of the West African Ebola virus disease epidemic in 2013–2016. Our study provides a snapshot of the viral diversity present in these bat species, with several novel viruses reported for the first time in bats, as well as some bat viruses closely related to known human or animal pathogens. In addition, analysis of Mops condylurus genomic DNA samples revealed the presence of an Ebola virus nucleoprotein (NP)-derived pseudogene inserted in its genome. These findings provide insight into the evolutionary traits of several virus families in bats and add evidence that nonretroviral integrated RNA viruses (NIRVs) derived from filoviruses may be common in bat genomes.

ACS Style

Roberto Hermida Lorenzo; Dániel Cadar; Fara Koundouno; Javier Juste; Alexandra Bialonski; Heike Baum; Juan García-Mudarra; Henry Hakamaki; András Bencsik; Emily Nelson; Miles Carroll; N’Faly Magassouba; Stephan Günther; Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit; César Muñoz Fontela; Beatriz Escudero-Pérez. Metagenomic Snapshots of Viral Components in Guinean Bats. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 599 .

AMA Style

Roberto Hermida Lorenzo, Dániel Cadar, Fara Koundouno, Javier Juste, Alexandra Bialonski, Heike Baum, Juan García-Mudarra, Henry Hakamaki, András Bencsik, Emily Nelson, Miles Carroll, N’Faly Magassouba, Stephan Günther, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, César Muñoz Fontela, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez. Metagenomic Snapshots of Viral Components in Guinean Bats. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (3):599.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Hermida Lorenzo; Dániel Cadar; Fara Koundouno; Javier Juste; Alexandra Bialonski; Heike Baum; Juan García-Mudarra; Henry Hakamaki; András Bencsik; Emily Nelson; Miles Carroll; N’Faly Magassouba; Stephan Günther; Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit; César Muñoz Fontela; Beatriz Escudero-Pérez. 2021. "Metagenomic Snapshots of Viral Components in Guinean Bats." Microorganisms 9, no. 3: 599.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2021 in Nature Communications
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Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) is a highly pathogenic filovirus which can result in Ebola virus disease (EVD); a serious medical condition that presents as flu like symptoms but then often leads to more serious or fatal outcomes. The 2013–16 West Africa epidemic saw an unparalleled number of cases. Here we show characterisation and identification of T cell epitopes in surviving patients from Guinea to the EBOV glycoprotein. We perform interferon gamma (IFNγ) ELISpot using a glycoprotein peptide library to identify T cell epitopes and determine the CD4+ or CD8+ T cell component response. Additionally, we generate data on the T cell phenotype and measure polyfunctional cytokine secretion by these antigen specific cells. We show candidate peptides able to elicit a T cell response in EBOV survivors and provide inferred human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele restriction. This data informs on the long-term T cell response to Ebola virus disease and highlights potentially important immunodominant peptides.

ACS Style

T. R. W. Tipton; Y. Hall; J. A. Bore; A. White; L. S. Sibley; C. Sarfas; Y. Yuki; M. Martin; S. Longet; J. Mellors; K. Ewer; S. Günther; M. Carrington; M. K. Kondé; M. W. Carroll. Characterisation of the T-cell response to Ebola virus glycoprotein amongst survivors of the 2013–16 West Africa epidemic. Nature Communications 2021, 12, 1 -9.

AMA Style

T. R. W. Tipton, Y. Hall, J. A. Bore, A. White, L. S. Sibley, C. Sarfas, Y. Yuki, M. Martin, S. Longet, J. Mellors, K. Ewer, S. Günther, M. Carrington, M. K. Kondé, M. W. Carroll. Characterisation of the T-cell response to Ebola virus glycoprotein amongst survivors of the 2013–16 West Africa epidemic. Nature Communications. 2021; 12 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. R. W. Tipton; Y. Hall; J. A. Bore; A. White; L. S. Sibley; C. Sarfas; Y. Yuki; M. Martin; S. Longet; J. Mellors; K. Ewer; S. Günther; M. Carrington; M. K. Kondé; M. W. Carroll. 2021. "Characterisation of the T-cell response to Ebola virus glycoprotein amongst survivors of the 2013–16 West Africa epidemic." Nature Communications 12, no. 1: 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2020 in International Journal of Infectious Diseases
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Objectives To assess the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and its impact on outcome in hospitalized pediatric patients with Lassa fever (LF). Methods We reviewed the presenting clinical and laboratory features, and outcome, of 40 successive hospitalized children with PCR-confirmed LF. The diagnosis and staging of AKI was based on KDIGO criteria. We compared groups of patients compared using t- or χ2 tests as necessary, and took p-values Results Sixteen (40%) children had AKI. Case fatality rate (CFR) was 9/16 (56%) in children with and 1/24 (4%) in those without AKI (OR [95% CI] of CFR associated with AKI = 29.57 [3.17, 275.7]). Presentation with abnormal bleeding (p = 0.008), encephalopathy (p = 0.004), hematuria plus proteinuria (p = 0.013), and elevated serum transaminase levels (p Conclusion AKI prevalence in hospitalized pediatric patients with Lassa fever is high, and correlated with illness severity/CFR. The high prevalence underscores the need for access to hemodialysis, and clinical presentation and/or presence of hematuria plus proteinuria could serve as a ready prompt for referral for such specialized care.

ACS Style

Adewale E. Adetunji; Magdalene Ayenale; Irene Akhigbe; Lilian O. Akerele; Efosa Isibor; Juliet Idialu; Florence O. Aideloje; Ekene Emuebonam; Chris Aire; Donatus I. Adomeh; Ikponmwosa Odia; Rebecca O. Atafo; Martha O. Okonofua; Adaugo Owobu; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon; Ekaete A Tobin; Danny A. Asogun; Sylvanus A. Okogbenin; Pardis Sabeti; Christian T. Happi; Stephan Günther; Chukwuemeka O. Azubuike; Mojeed Rafiu; Angela Odike; Sylvia C. Olomu; Michael O. Ibadin; Peter O. Okokhere; George O. Akpede. Acute kidney injury and mortality in pediatric Lassa fever versus question of access to dialysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020, 103, 124 -131.

AMA Style

Adewale E. Adetunji, Magdalene Ayenale, Irene Akhigbe, Lilian O. Akerele, Efosa Isibor, Juliet Idialu, Florence O. Aideloje, Ekene Emuebonam, Chris Aire, Donatus I. Adomeh, Ikponmwosa Odia, Rebecca O. Atafo, Martha O. Okonofua, Adaugo Owobu, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon, Ekaete A Tobin, Danny A. Asogun, Sylvanus A. Okogbenin, Pardis Sabeti, Christian T. Happi, Stephan Günther, Chukwuemeka O. Azubuike, Mojeed Rafiu, Angela Odike, Sylvia C. Olomu, Michael O. Ibadin, Peter O. Okokhere, George O. Akpede. Acute kidney injury and mortality in pediatric Lassa fever versus question of access to dialysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020; 103 ():124-131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adewale E. Adetunji; Magdalene Ayenale; Irene Akhigbe; Lilian O. Akerele; Efosa Isibor; Juliet Idialu; Florence O. Aideloje; Ekene Emuebonam; Chris Aire; Donatus I. Adomeh; Ikponmwosa Odia; Rebecca O. Atafo; Martha O. Okonofua; Adaugo Owobu; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon; Ekaete A Tobin; Danny A. Asogun; Sylvanus A. Okogbenin; Pardis Sabeti; Christian T. Happi; Stephan Günther; Chukwuemeka O. Azubuike; Mojeed Rafiu; Angela Odike; Sylvia C. Olomu; Michael O. Ibadin; Peter O. Okokhere; George O. Akpede. 2020. "Acute kidney injury and mortality in pediatric Lassa fever versus question of access to dialysis." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 103, no. : 124-131.

Journal article
Published: 07 September 2020 in Genome Biology
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Background Viral load is a major contributor to outcome in patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD), with high values leading to a fatal outcome. Evidence from the 2013–2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak indicated that different genotypes of the virus can have different phenotypes in patients. Additionally, due to the error-prone nature of viral RNA synthesis in an individual patient, the EBOV genome exists around a dominant viral genome sequence. The minor variants within a patient may contribute to the overall phenotype in terms of viral protein function. To investigate the effects of these minor variants, blood samples from patients with acute EVD were deeply sequenced. Results We examine the minor variant frequency between patients with acute EVD who survived infection with those who died. Non-synonymous differences in viral proteins were identified that have implications for viral protein function. The greatest frequency of substitution was identified at three codon sites in the L gene—which encodes the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Recapitulating this in an assay for virus replication, these substitutions result in aberrant viral RNA synthesis and correlate with patient outcome. Conclusions Together, these findings support the notion that in patients who survived EVD, in some cases, the genetic variability of the virus resulted in deleterious mutations that affected viral protein function, leading to reduced viral load. Such mutations may also lead to persistent strains of the virus and be associated with recrudescent infections.

ACS Style

Xiaofeng Dong; Jordana Munoz-Basagoiti; Natasha Y. Rickett; Georgios Pollakis; William A. Paxton; Stephan Günther; Romy Kerber; Lisa F. P. Ng; Michael J. Elmore; N’Faly Magassouba; Miles W. Carroll; David A. Matthews; Julian A. Hiscox. Variation around the dominant viral genome sequence contributes to viral load and outcome in patients with Ebola virus disease. Genome Biology 2020, 21, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Xiaofeng Dong, Jordana Munoz-Basagoiti, Natasha Y. Rickett, Georgios Pollakis, William A. Paxton, Stephan Günther, Romy Kerber, Lisa F. P. Ng, Michael J. Elmore, N’Faly Magassouba, Miles W. Carroll, David A. Matthews, Julian A. Hiscox. Variation around the dominant viral genome sequence contributes to viral load and outcome in patients with Ebola virus disease. Genome Biology. 2020; 21 (1):1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaofeng Dong; Jordana Munoz-Basagoiti; Natasha Y. Rickett; Georgios Pollakis; William A. Paxton; Stephan Günther; Romy Kerber; Lisa F. P. Ng; Michael J. Elmore; N’Faly Magassouba; Miles W. Carroll; David A. Matthews; Julian A. Hiscox. 2020. "Variation around the dominant viral genome sequence contributes to viral load and outcome in patients with Ebola virus disease." Genome Biology 21, no. 1: 1-20.

Virology division news
Published: 04 September 2020 in Archives of Virology
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In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

ACS Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Simon J. Anthony; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Tomáš Bartonička; Christopher Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Steven B. Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Nihal Buzkan; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; John Chamberlain; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Biao Chen; Michela Chiumenti; Il-Ryong Choi; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; John V. Da Graça; Elena Dal Bó; Alberto M. R. Dávila; Juan Carlos De La Torre; Xavier De Lamballerie; Rik L. De Swart; Patrick L. Di Bello; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Valerian V. Dolja; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; Jan Felix Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; Lucie Dufkova; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Jorlan Fernandes; Anthony R. Fooks; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Leonie F. Forth; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Aiah Gbakima; Tracey Goldstein; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Alexandro Guterres; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Mohamed Hassan; Jussi Hepojoki; Satu Hepojoki; Udo Hetzel; Roger Hewson; Bernd Hoffmann; Seiji Hongo; Dirk Höper; Masayuki Horie; Holly R. Hughes; Timothy H. Hyndman; Amara Jambai; Rodrigo Jardim; Dàohóng Jiāng; Qi Jin; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Serpil Karadağ; Karen E. Keller; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Gael Kurath; Ivan V. Kuzmin; Lies Laenen; Robert A. Lamb; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elba R. S. Lemos; Eric M. Leroy; Dexin Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Mifang Liang; Wénwén Liú; Yàn Liú; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel De Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Giovanni P. Martelli; Robert R. Martin; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sébastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Angelantonio Minafra; Maria Minutolo; Ali Mirazimi; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; Beatriz Navarro; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Are Nylund; Arnfinn L. Økland; Renata C. Oliveira; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallas; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Colin R. Parrish; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Daniel R. Pérez; Florian Pfaff; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Aziz-Ul Rahman; Pedro L. Ramos-González; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Víctor Romanowski; Gabriel Robles Luna; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Daniel Ruzek; Sead Sabanadzovic; Jiří Salát; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Kamil Sarpkaya; Takahide Sasaya; Martin Schwemmle; Muhammad Z. Shabbir; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yukio Shirako; Peter Simmonds; Jana Širmarová; Manuela Sironi; Sophie Smither; Teemu Smura; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten M. Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Petra Straková; Ayato Takada; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Jonathan S. Towner; Massimo Turina; Ioannis Tzanetakis; Rainer G. Ulrich; Anna Maria Vaira; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Hui Wang; Jianwei Wang; Xifeng Wang; Lin-Fa Wang; Tàiyún Wèi; Heather Wells; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Zhìqiáng Wú; Xin Yang; Xīnglóu Yáng; Xuejie Yu; Natalya Yutin; F. Murilo Zerbini; Tong Zhang; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Guohui Zhou; Xueping Zhou. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology 2020, 165, 3023 -3072.

AMA Style

Jens H. Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Daniela Alioto, Sergey V. Alkhovsky, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Simon J. Anthony, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A. Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J. Ballinger, Tomáš Bartonička, Christopher Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Dennis A. Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H. Bird, Carol Blair, Kim R. Blasdell, Steven B. Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A. Brown, Ursula J. Buchholz, Michael J. Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Nihal Buzkan, Charles H. Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, John Chamberlain, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N. Charrel, Biao Chen, Michela Chiumenti, Il-Ryong Choi, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Ian Crozier, John V. Da Graça, Elena Dal Bó, Alberto M. R. Dávila, Juan Carlos De La Torre, Xavier De Lamballerie, Rik L. De Swart, Patrick L. Di Bello, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Valerian V. Dolja, Olga Dolnik, Michael A. Drebot, Jan Felix Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, Lucie Dufkova, William G. Dundon, W. Paul Duprex, John M. Dye, Andrew J. Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Jorlan Fernandes, Anthony R. Fooks, Pierre B. H. Formenty, Leonie F. Forth, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R. Garrison, Aiah Gbakima, Tracey Goldstein, Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H. Groschup, Stephan Günther, Alexandro Guterres, Roy A. Hall, John Hammond, Mohamed Hassan, Jussi Hepojoki, Satu Hepojoki, Udo Hetzel, Roger Hewson, Bernd Hoffmann, Seiji Hongo, Dirk Höper, Masayuki Horie, Holly R. Hughes, Timothy H. Hyndman, Amara Jambai, Rodrigo Jardim, Dàohóng Jiāng, Qi Jin, Gilda B. Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Serpil Karadağ, Karen E. Keller, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V. Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Gael Kurath, Ivan V. Kuzmin, Lies Laenen, Robert A. Lamb, Amy J. Lambert, Stanley L. Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elba R. S. Lemos, Eric M. Leroy, Dexin Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Mifang Liang, Wénwén Liú, Yàn Liú, Igor S. Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel De Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H. Marshall, Giovanni P. Martelli, Robert R. Martin, Shin-Yi L. Marzano, Sébastien Massart, John W. McCauley, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Angelantonio Minafra, Maria Minutolo, Ali Mirazimi, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, Beatriz Navarro, José A. Navarro, Sergey V. Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R. T. Nunes, Are Nylund, Arnfinn L. Økland, Renata C. Oliveira, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallas, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Colin R. Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T. Pawęska, Susan Payne, Daniel R. Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Aziz-Ul Rahman, Pedro L. Ramos-González, Renato O. Resende, Carina A. Reyes, Bertus K. Rima, Víctor Romanowski, Gabriel Robles Luna, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Jonathan A. Runstadler, Daniel Ruzek, Sead Sabanadzovic, Jiří Salát, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S. Salvato, Kamil Sarpkaya, Takahide Sasaya, Martin Schwemmle, Muhammad Z. Shabbir, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yukio Shirako, Peter Simmonds, Jana Širmarová, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Teemu Smura, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M. Spann, Jessica R. Spengler, Mark D. Stenglein, David M. Stone, Petra Straková, Ayato Takada, Robert B. Tesh, Natalie J. Thornburg, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S. Towner, Massimo Turina, Ioannis Tzanetakis, Rainer G. Ulrich, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette Van Den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Victoria Wahl, Peter J. Walker, Hui Wang, Jianwei Wang, Xifeng Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Tàiyún Wèi, Heather Wells, Anna E. Whitfield, John V. Williams, Yuri I. Wolf, Zhìqiáng Wú, Xin Yang, Xīnglóu Yáng, Xuejie Yu, Natalya Yutin, F. Murilo Zerbini, Tong Zhang, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Guohui Zhou, Xueping Zhou. 2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology. 2020; 165 (12):3023-3072.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jens H. Kuhn; Scott Adkins; Daniela Alioto; Sergey V. Alkhovsky; Gaya K. Amarasinghe; Simon J. Anthony; Tatjana Avšič-Županc; María A. Ayllón; Justin Bahl; Anne Balkema-Buschmann; Matthew J. Ballinger; Tomáš Bartonička; Christopher Basler; Sina Bavari; Martin Beer; Dennis A. Bente; Éric Bergeron; Brian H. Bird; Carol Blair; Kim R. Blasdell; Steven B. Bradfute; Rachel Breyta; Thomas Briese; Paul A. Brown; Ursula J. Buchholz; Michael J. Buchmeier; Alexander Bukreyev; Felicity Burt; Nihal Buzkan; Charles H. Calisher; Mengji Cao; Inmaculada Casas; John Chamberlain; Kartik Chandran; Rémi N. Charrel; Biao Chen; Michela Chiumenti; Il-Ryong Choi; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Ian Crozier; John V. Da Graça; Elena Dal Bó; Alberto M. R. Dávila; Juan Carlos De La Torre; Xavier De Lamballerie; Rik L. De Swart; Patrick L. Di Bello; Nicholas Di Paola; Francesco Di Serio; Ralf G. Dietzgen; Michele Digiaro; Valerian V. Dolja; Olga Dolnik; Michael A. Drebot; Jan Felix Drexler; Ralf Dürrwald; Lucie Dufkova; William G. Dundon; W. Paul Duprex; John M. Dye; Andrew J. Easton; Hideki Ebihara; Toufic Elbeaino; Koray Ergünay; Jorlan Fernandes; Anthony R. Fooks; Pierre B. H. Formenty; Leonie F. Forth; Ron A. M. Fouchier; Juliana Freitas-Astúa; Selma Gago-Zachert; George Fú Gāo; María Laura García; Adolfo García-Sastre; Aura R. Garrison; Aiah Gbakima; Tracey Goldstein; Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez; Anthony Griffiths; Martin H. Groschup; Stephan Günther; Alexandro Guterres; Roy A. Hall; John Hammond; Mohamed Hassan; Jussi Hepojoki; Satu Hepojoki; Udo Hetzel; Roger Hewson; Bernd Hoffmann; Seiji Hongo; Dirk Höper; Masayuki Horie; Holly R. Hughes; Timothy H. Hyndman; Amara Jambai; Rodrigo Jardim; Dàohóng Jiāng; Qi Jin; Gilda B. Jonson; Sandra Junglen; Serpil Karadağ; Karen E. Keller; Boris Klempa; Jonas Klingström; Gary Kobinger; Hideki Kondō; Eugene V. Koonin; Mart Krupovic; Gael Kurath; Ivan V. Kuzmin; Lies Laenen; Robert A. Lamb; Amy J. Lambert; Stanley L. Langevin; Benhur Lee; Elba R. S. Lemos; Eric M. Leroy; Dexin Li; Jiànróng Lǐ; Mifang Liang; Wénwén Liú; Yàn Liú; Igor S. Lukashevich; Piet Maes; William Marciel De Souza; Marco Marklewitz; Sergio H. Marshall; Giovanni P. Martelli; Robert R. Martin; Shin-Yi L. Marzano; Sébastien Massart; John W. McCauley; Nicole Mielke-Ehret; Angelantonio Minafra; Maria Minutolo; Ali Mirazimi; Hans-Peter Mühlbach; Elke Mühlberger; Rayapati Naidu; Tomohide Natsuaki; Beatriz Navarro; José A. Navarro; Sergey V. Netesov; Gabriele Neumann; Norbert Nowotny; Márcio R. T. Nunes; Are Nylund; Arnfinn L. Økland; Renata C. Oliveira; Gustavo Palacios; Vicente Pallas; Bernadett Pályi; Anna Papa; Colin R. Parrish; Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa; Janusz T. Pawęska; Susan Payne; Daniel R. Pérez; Florian Pfaff; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Aziz-Ul Rahman; Pedro L. Ramos-González; Renato O. Resende; Carina A. Reyes; Bertus K. Rima; Víctor Romanowski; Gabriel Robles Luna; Paul Rota; Dennis Rubbenstroth; Jonathan A. Runstadler; Daniel Ruzek; Sead Sabanadzovic; Jiří Salát; Amadou Alpha Sall; Maria S. Salvato; Kamil Sarpkaya; Takahide Sasaya; Martin Schwemmle; Muhammad Z. Shabbir; Xiǎohóng Shí; Zhènglì Shí; Yukio Shirako; Peter Simmonds; Jana Širmarová; Manuela Sironi; Sophie Smither; Teemu Smura; Jin-Won Song; Kirsten M. Spann; Jessica R. Spengler; Mark D. Stenglein; David M. Stone; Petra Straková; Ayato Takada; Robert B. Tesh; Natalie J. Thornburg; Keizō Tomonaga; Noël Tordo; Jonathan S. Towner; Massimo Turina; Ioannis Tzanetakis; Rainer G. Ulrich; Anna Maria Vaira; Bernadette Van Den Hoogen; Arvind Varsani; Nikos Vasilakis; Martin Verbeek; Victoria Wahl; Peter J. Walker; Hui Wang; Jianwei Wang; Xifeng Wang; Lin-Fa Wang; Tàiyún Wèi; Heather Wells; Anna E. Whitfield; John V. Williams; Yuri I. Wolf; Zhìqiáng Wú; Xin Yang; Xīnglóu Yáng; Xuejie Yu; Natalya Yutin; F. Murilo Zerbini; Tong Zhang; Yong-Zhen Zhang; Guohui Zhou; Xueping Zhou. 2020. "2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales." Archives of Virology 165, no. 12: 3023-3072.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2020 in Viruses
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The last seven years have seen the greatest surge of Ebola virus disease (EVD) cases in equatorial Africa, including the 2013–2016 epidemic in West Africa and the recent epidemics in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The vaccine clinical trials that took place in West Africa and the DRC, as well as follow-up studies in collaboration with EVD survivor communities, have for the first time allowed researchers to compare immune memory induced by natural infection and vaccination. These comparisons may be relevant to evaluate the putative effectiveness of vaccines and candidate medical countermeasures such as convalescent plasma transfer. In this study, we compared the long-term functionality of anti-EBOV glycoprotein (GP) antibodies from EVD survivors with that from volunteers who received the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectored vaccine (rVSV-ZEBOV) during the Phase I clinical trial in Hamburg. Our study highlights important differences between EBOV vaccination and natural infection and provides a framework for comparison with other vaccine candidates.

ACS Style

Till Koch; Monika Rottstegge; Paula Ruibal; Sergio Gomez-Medina; Emily V. Nelson; Beatriz Escudero-Pérez; Matthias Pillny; My Linh Ly; Fara Raymond Koundouno; Joseph Akoi Bore; N’Faly Magassouba; Christine Dahlke; Stephan Günther; Miles W. Carroll; Marylyn M. Addo; César Muñoz-Fontela. Ebola Virus Disease Survivors Show More Efficient Antibody Immunity than Vaccines Despite Similar Levels of Circulating Immunoglobulins. Viruses 2020, 12, 915 .

AMA Style

Till Koch, Monika Rottstegge, Paula Ruibal, Sergio Gomez-Medina, Emily V. Nelson, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez, Matthias Pillny, My Linh Ly, Fara Raymond Koundouno, Joseph Akoi Bore, N’Faly Magassouba, Christine Dahlke, Stephan Günther, Miles W. Carroll, Marylyn M. Addo, César Muñoz-Fontela. Ebola Virus Disease Survivors Show More Efficient Antibody Immunity than Vaccines Despite Similar Levels of Circulating Immunoglobulins. Viruses. 2020; 12 (9):915.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Till Koch; Monika Rottstegge; Paula Ruibal; Sergio Gomez-Medina; Emily V. Nelson; Beatriz Escudero-Pérez; Matthias Pillny; My Linh Ly; Fara Raymond Koundouno; Joseph Akoi Bore; N’Faly Magassouba; Christine Dahlke; Stephan Günther; Miles W. Carroll; Marylyn M. Addo; César Muñoz-Fontela. 2020. "Ebola Virus Disease Survivors Show More Efficient Antibody Immunity than Vaccines Despite Similar Levels of Circulating Immunoglobulins." Viruses 12, no. 9: 915.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2020 in The Lancet Infectious Diseases
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In The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Grazia Caleo and colleagues1Caleo G Theocharaki F Lokuge K et al.Clinical and epidemiological performance of WHO Ebola case definitions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; (published online June 25.)https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30193-6Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar report on the diagnostic usefulness of the WHO case definition for Ebola virus disease. Rapid identification of individuals potentially carrying an infection is among the most important concerns in the event of a major outbreak of an infectious disease. A valid case definition is key for the outbreak response, guiding diagnostic testing of individuals, based on which adequate medical management and transmission control measures are implemented. Any case definition has to be easily applicable by health-care workers, sufficiently discriminative, and acceptable for the affected communities. It needs to strike a delicate balance between high sensitivity (not to miss individuals requiring treatment and potentially spreading the disease) and high specificity (not to overburden health-care systems and the limited laboratory capacity needed to confirm a clinical suspicion). This task is challenging given that case definitions rely solely on clinical signs and risk factors reported by individuals.

ACS Style

Michael Ramharter; Stephan Günther. Evaluating case definitions for Ebola virus disease. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2020, 20, 1224 -1226.

AMA Style

Michael Ramharter, Stephan Günther. Evaluating case definitions for Ebola virus disease. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020; 20 (11):1224-1226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Ramharter; Stephan Günther. 2020. "Evaluating case definitions for Ebola virus disease." The Lancet Infectious Diseases 20, no. 11: 1224-1226.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2020 in Nucleic Acids Research
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The Bunyavirales order contains several emerging viruses with high epidemic potential, including Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). The lack of medical countermeasures, such as vaccines and antivirals, is a limiting factor for the containment of any virus outbreak. To develop such antivirals a profound understanding of the viral replication process is essential. The L protein of bunyaviruses is a multi-functional and multi-domain protein performing both virus transcription and genome replication and, therefore, is an ideal drug target. We established expression and purification procedures for the full-length L protein of SFTSV. By combining single-particle electron cryo-microscopy and X-ray crystallography, we obtained 3D models covering ∼70% of the SFTSV L protein in the apo-conformation including the polymerase core region, the endonuclease and the cap-binding domain. We compared this first L structure of the Phenuiviridae family to the structures of La Crosse peribunyavirus L protein and influenza orthomyxovirus polymerase. Together with a comprehensive biochemical characterization of the distinct functions of SFTSV L protein, this work provides a solid framework for future structural and functional studies of L protein–RNA interactions and the development of antiviral strategies against this group of emerging human pathogens.

ACS Style

Dominik Vogel; Sigurdur Rafn Thorkelsson; Emmanuelle R J Quemin; Kristina Meier; Tomas Kouba; Nadja Gogrefe; Carola Busch; Sophia Reindl; Stephan Günther; Stephen Cusack; Kay Grünewald; Maria Rosenthal. Structural and functional characterization of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus L protein. Nucleic Acids Research 2020, 48, 5749 -5765.

AMA Style

Dominik Vogel, Sigurdur Rafn Thorkelsson, Emmanuelle R J Quemin, Kristina Meier, Tomas Kouba, Nadja Gogrefe, Carola Busch, Sophia Reindl, Stephan Günther, Stephen Cusack, Kay Grünewald, Maria Rosenthal. Structural and functional characterization of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus L protein. Nucleic Acids Research. 2020; 48 (10):5749-5765.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dominik Vogel; Sigurdur Rafn Thorkelsson; Emmanuelle R J Quemin; Kristina Meier; Tomas Kouba; Nadja Gogrefe; Carola Busch; Sophia Reindl; Stephan Günther; Stephen Cusack; Kay Grünewald; Maria Rosenthal. 2020. "Structural and functional characterization of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus L protein." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 10: 5749-5765.

Infectious diseases
Published: 16 April 2020 in BMJ Open
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IntroductionLassa fever (LF) is a severe and often fatal systemic disease in humans and affects a large number of countries in West Africa. Treatment options are limited to supportive care and the broad-spectrum antiviral agent ribavirin. However, evidence for ribavirin efficacy in patients with LF is poor and pharmacokinetic (PK) data are not available.Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) developed an intravenous ribavirin regimen different to the WHO recommendation. Apart from a lower total daily dose the drug is usually administered once per day which reduces the exposure of personnel to patients with LF. The aim of this study is to characterise the PK of the Irrua ribavirin regimen.Methods and analysisThis prospective, observational clinical study will assess PK properties of the Irrua ribavirin regimen on routinely ribavirin-treated patients with LF at ISTH, a referral hospital serving 19 local governmental areas in a LF endemic zone in Nigeria. Participants will be adults with PCR-confirmed LF. The primary objective is to describe classical PK parameters for ribavirin (maximum plasma drug concentration, time to maximum plasma drug concentration, area under the plasma drug concentration vs time curve, half-life time T1/2, volume of distribution). Blood samples will be collected at 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12 and 24 hours after doses on day 1, day 4 and day 10 of ribavirin treatment. Ribavirin plasma concentrations will be determined using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.Ethics and disseminationThe study will be conducted in compliance with the protocol, the Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and the Nigerian National Code for Health Research Ethics. The protocol has received approval by the Health Research Ethics Committee of ISTH. Results will be made available to LF survivors, their caregivers, the funders, LF research society and other researchers.Registration detailsISRCTN11104750

ACS Style

Cyril Erameh; Osahogie Edeawe; Peter Akhideno; Gloria Eifediyi; Till F Omansen; Christine Wagner; Francisca Sarpong; Till Koch; Sebastian G. Wicha; Florian Kurth; Sophie Duraffour; Lisa Oestereich; Meike Pahlmann; Sylvanus Okogbenin; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon; Stephan Günther; Michael Ramharter; Mirjam Groger. Prospective observational study on the pharmacokinetic properties of the Irrua ribavirin regimen used in routine clinical practice in patients with Lassa fever in Nigeria. BMJ Open 2020, 10, e036936 .

AMA Style

Cyril Erameh, Osahogie Edeawe, Peter Akhideno, Gloria Eifediyi, Till F Omansen, Christine Wagner, Francisca Sarpong, Till Koch, Sebastian G. Wicha, Florian Kurth, Sophie Duraffour, Lisa Oestereich, Meike Pahlmann, Sylvanus Okogbenin, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon, Stephan Günther, Michael Ramharter, Mirjam Groger. Prospective observational study on the pharmacokinetic properties of the Irrua ribavirin regimen used in routine clinical practice in patients with Lassa fever in Nigeria. BMJ Open. 2020; 10 (4):e036936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cyril Erameh; Osahogie Edeawe; Peter Akhideno; Gloria Eifediyi; Till F Omansen; Christine Wagner; Francisca Sarpong; Till Koch; Sebastian G. Wicha; Florian Kurth; Sophie Duraffour; Lisa Oestereich; Meike Pahlmann; Sylvanus Okogbenin; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon; Stephan Günther; Michael Ramharter; Mirjam Groger. 2020. "Prospective observational study on the pharmacokinetic properties of the Irrua ribavirin regimen used in routine clinical practice in patients with Lassa fever in Nigeria." BMJ Open 10, no. 4: e036936.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2020 in Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
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Lassa Fever (LF), is a severe viral disease prevalent in Western Africa. It is classified as a priority disease by the World Health Organization (WHO). Ribavirin is the recommended therapy despite weak evidence of its efficacy. Promising therapeutic agents are becoming available for evaluation in human. Before launching therapeutic trials, we need data on the evolution of the disease under the best possible conditions of care. We have initiated a prospective study in Nigeria to better understand the clinical course and prognostic factors of LF while implementing high quality standardized care. Inclusion criteria are: suspected or confirmed LF and informed consent. Participants are followed 60 days from admission and receive free of charge standardized supportive care and biological monitoring, as well as intravenous ribavirin for those with confirmed LF. Data are collected using standardized case report forms (CRF). Primary and secondary outcomes are fatality and severe morbidity, with special focus on acute kidney dysfunction and pregnancy complications. Factors associated with outcomes will be investigated. The cohort is planned for 3 years. Inclusions started in April 2018 at the Federal Medical Center Owo in Ondo State. A second site will open in Nigeria in 2020 and discussions are underway to open a site in Benin. 150 to 200 new participants are expected per year. This cohort will: provide evidence to standardize LF case management; provide key inputs to design future clinical trials of novel therapeutics; and establish clinical research teams capable of conducting such trials in LF-endemic areas. The LASCOPE study was registered on ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT03655561).

ACS Style

Alexandre Duvignaud; Marie Jaspard; Ijeoma Chukwudumebi Etafo; Béatrice Serra; Chukwuyem Abejegah; Delphine Gabillard; Mahamadou Doutchi; Josephine Funmilola Alabi; Moses Adeniyi Adedokun; Adewale Oladayo Akinpelu; Oyebimpe Ope Oyegunle; Johnson Etafo; Ayoleyi Omowunmi Dede; Macdonald Nonso Onyechi; Moronke Uzuajemeh Ireneh; Olufunke Gbenga-Ayeni; Kehinde Gbemisola Fadiminiyi; Patience Iziegbe Ehigbor; Eric Ouattara; Claire Levy-Marchal; Sophie Karcher; Larissa N'Guessan-Koffi; Irmine Ahyi; Elvis Amani; Mamoudou Diabaté; Bertine Siloué; Justine Schaeffer; Augustin Augier; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon; Alex Paddy Salam; Peter Horby; Liasu Adeagbo Ahmed; Stephan Günther; Akinola Nelson Adedosu; Xavier Anglaret; Oladele Oluwafemi Ayodeji; Denis Malvy. Lassa fever clinical course and setting a standard of care for future randomized trials: A protocol for a cohort study of Lassa-infected patients in Nigeria (LASCOPE). Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 2020, 36, 101557 .

AMA Style

Alexandre Duvignaud, Marie Jaspard, Ijeoma Chukwudumebi Etafo, Béatrice Serra, Chukwuyem Abejegah, Delphine Gabillard, Mahamadou Doutchi, Josephine Funmilola Alabi, Moses Adeniyi Adedokun, Adewale Oladayo Akinpelu, Oyebimpe Ope Oyegunle, Johnson Etafo, Ayoleyi Omowunmi Dede, Macdonald Nonso Onyechi, Moronke Uzuajemeh Ireneh, Olufunke Gbenga-Ayeni, Kehinde Gbemisola Fadiminiyi, Patience Iziegbe Ehigbor, Eric Ouattara, Claire Levy-Marchal, Sophie Karcher, Larissa N'Guessan-Koffi, Irmine Ahyi, Elvis Amani, Mamoudou Diabaté, Bertine Siloué, Justine Schaeffer, Augustin Augier, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon, Alex Paddy Salam, Peter Horby, Liasu Adeagbo Ahmed, Stephan Günther, Akinola Nelson Adedosu, Xavier Anglaret, Oladele Oluwafemi Ayodeji, Denis Malvy. Lassa fever clinical course and setting a standard of care for future randomized trials: A protocol for a cohort study of Lassa-infected patients in Nigeria (LASCOPE). Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2020; 36 ():101557.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandre Duvignaud; Marie Jaspard; Ijeoma Chukwudumebi Etafo; Béatrice Serra; Chukwuyem Abejegah; Delphine Gabillard; Mahamadou Doutchi; Josephine Funmilola Alabi; Moses Adeniyi Adedokun; Adewale Oladayo Akinpelu; Oyebimpe Ope Oyegunle; Johnson Etafo; Ayoleyi Omowunmi Dede; Macdonald Nonso Onyechi; Moronke Uzuajemeh Ireneh; Olufunke Gbenga-Ayeni; Kehinde Gbemisola Fadiminiyi; Patience Iziegbe Ehigbor; Eric Ouattara; Claire Levy-Marchal; Sophie Karcher; Larissa N'Guessan-Koffi; Irmine Ahyi; Elvis Amani; Mamoudou Diabaté; Bertine Siloué; Justine Schaeffer; Augustin Augier; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon; Alex Paddy Salam; Peter Horby; Liasu Adeagbo Ahmed; Stephan Günther; Akinola Nelson Adedosu; Xavier Anglaret; Oladele Oluwafemi Ayodeji; Denis Malvy. 2020. "Lassa fever clinical course and setting a standard of care for future randomized trials: A protocol for a cohort study of Lassa-infected patients in Nigeria (LASCOPE)." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 36, no. : 101557.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2019 in Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
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Orthohantaviruses are RNA viruses that some members are known to cause severe zoonotic diseases in humans. Orthohantaviruses are hosted by rodents, soricomorphs (shrews and moles), and bats. Only two orthohantaviruses associated with murid rodents are known in Africa, Sangassou orthohantavirus (SANGV) in two species of African wood mice (Hylomyscus), and Tigray orthohantavirus (TIGV) in the Ethiopian white-footed rat (Stenocephalemys albipes). In this article, we report evidence that, like SANGV, two strains of TIGV occur in two genetically related rodent species, S. albipes and S. sp. A, occupying different elevational zones in the same mountain. Investigating the other members of the genus Stenocephalemys for TIGV could reveal the real diversity of TIGV in the genus.

ACS Style

Yonas Meheretu; William T. Stanley; Evan Craig; Joëlle Goüy De Bellocq; Josef Bryja; Herwig Leirs; Meike Pahlmann; Stephan Günther. Tigray Orthohantavirus Infects Two Related Rodent Species Adapted to Different Elevations in Ethiopia. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 2019, 19, 950 -953.

AMA Style

Yonas Meheretu, William T. Stanley, Evan Craig, Joëlle Goüy De Bellocq, Josef Bryja, Herwig Leirs, Meike Pahlmann, Stephan Günther. Tigray Orthohantavirus Infects Two Related Rodent Species Adapted to Different Elevations in Ethiopia. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2019; 19 (12):950-953.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yonas Meheretu; William T. Stanley; Evan Craig; Joëlle Goüy De Bellocq; Josef Bryja; Herwig Leirs; Meike Pahlmann; Stephan Günther. 2019. "Tigray Orthohantavirus Infects Two Related Rodent Species Adapted to Different Elevations in Ethiopia." Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 19, no. 12: 950-953.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Journal of Virology
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Lassa virus is the causative agent of Lassa fever, a viral hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate of approximately 30% in Africa. Previous studies disclosed a geographical pattern in the distribution of Lassa virus strains and a westward movement of the virus across West Africa during evolution. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the geography of genetic lineages and sublineages of the virus in Nigeria. In addition, we modeled how the virus spread in the country. This knowledge allows us to predict into which geographical areas the virus might spread in the future and prioritize areas for Lassa fever surveillance. Our study not only aimed to generate Lassa virus sequences from across Nigeria but also to isolate and conserve the respective viruses for future research. Both isolates and sequences are important for the development and evaluation of medical countermeasures to treat and prevent Lassa fever, such as diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.

ACS Style

Deborah U. Ehichioya; Simon Dellicour; Meike Pahlmann; Toni Rieger; Lisa Oestereich; Beate Becker-Ziaja; Daniel Cadar; Yemisi Ighodalo; Thomas Olokor; Emmanuel Omomoh; Jennifer Oyakhilome; Racheal Omiunu; Jacqueline Agbukor; Benevolence Ebo; John Aiyepada; Paulson Ebhodaghe; Blessing Osiemi; Solomon Ehikhametalor; Patience Akhilomen; Michael Airende; Rita Esumeh; Ekene Muoebonam; Rosemary Giwa; Anieno Ekanem; Ganiyu Igenegbale; George Odigie; Grace Okonofua; Racheal Enigbe; Edna Omonegho Yerumoh; Elisa Pallasch; Sabrina Bockholt; Liana E. Kafetzopoulou; Sophie Duraffour; Peter O. Okokhere; George O. Akpede; Sylvanus A. Okogbenin; Ikponmwosa Odia; Chris Aire; Nosa Akpede; Ekaete Tobin; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon; Philippe Lemey; Donatus I. Adomeh; Danny A. Asogun; Stephan Günther. Phylogeography of Lassa Virus in Nigeria. Journal of Virology 2019, 93, 1 .

AMA Style

Deborah U. Ehichioya, Simon Dellicour, Meike Pahlmann, Toni Rieger, Lisa Oestereich, Beate Becker-Ziaja, Daniel Cadar, Yemisi Ighodalo, Thomas Olokor, Emmanuel Omomoh, Jennifer Oyakhilome, Racheal Omiunu, Jacqueline Agbukor, Benevolence Ebo, John Aiyepada, Paulson Ebhodaghe, Blessing Osiemi, Solomon Ehikhametalor, Patience Akhilomen, Michael Airende, Rita Esumeh, Ekene Muoebonam, Rosemary Giwa, Anieno Ekanem, Ganiyu Igenegbale, George Odigie, Grace Okonofua, Racheal Enigbe, Edna Omonegho Yerumoh, Elisa Pallasch, Sabrina Bockholt, Liana E. Kafetzopoulou, Sophie Duraffour, Peter O. Okokhere, George O. Akpede, Sylvanus A. Okogbenin, Ikponmwosa Odia, Chris Aire, Nosa Akpede, Ekaete Tobin, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon, Philippe Lemey, Donatus I. Adomeh, Danny A. Asogun, Stephan Günther. Phylogeography of Lassa Virus in Nigeria. Journal of Virology. 2019; 93 (21):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Deborah U. Ehichioya; Simon Dellicour; Meike Pahlmann; Toni Rieger; Lisa Oestereich; Beate Becker-Ziaja; Daniel Cadar; Yemisi Ighodalo; Thomas Olokor; Emmanuel Omomoh; Jennifer Oyakhilome; Racheal Omiunu; Jacqueline Agbukor; Benevolence Ebo; John Aiyepada; Paulson Ebhodaghe; Blessing Osiemi; Solomon Ehikhametalor; Patience Akhilomen; Michael Airende; Rita Esumeh; Ekene Muoebonam; Rosemary Giwa; Anieno Ekanem; Ganiyu Igenegbale; George Odigie; Grace Okonofua; Racheal Enigbe; Edna Omonegho Yerumoh; Elisa Pallasch; Sabrina Bockholt; Liana E. Kafetzopoulou; Sophie Duraffour; Peter O. Okokhere; George O. Akpede; Sylvanus A. Okogbenin; Ikponmwosa Odia; Chris Aire; Nosa Akpede; Ekaete Tobin; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon; Philippe Lemey; Donatus I. Adomeh; Danny A. Asogun; Stephan Günther. 2019. "Phylogeography of Lassa Virus in Nigeria." Journal of Virology 93, no. 21: 1.

Review
Published: 01 October 2019 in International Journal of Infectious Diseases
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Lassa fever (LF) causes annual outbreaks in endemic regions with high mortality of symptomatic patients. Ribavirin is recommended as standard treatment for LF in national and international guidelines but the evidence base for this recommendation has been questioned recently. We conducted a systematic review and included 6 studies providing efficacy data of ribavirin treatment for LF (PROSPERO protocol CRD42018103994). Besides retrospective case series, the evidence mostly relies on a single prospective clinical trial with critical risk of bias. In this trial, LF associated mortality is reduced for patients with elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) when treated with ribavirin (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.73), while mortality is higher for patients without elevated AST (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.07-5.25). Based on the available data, current treatment guidelines may therefore put patients with mild LF at increased risk of death. The role of ribavirin in the treatment of LF requires urgent reassessment.

ACS Style

Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt; Johannes Mischlinger; Sabine Jordan; Mirjam Groger; Stephan Günther; Michael Ramharter. Ribavirin for the treatment of Lassa fever: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2019, 87, 15 -20.

AMA Style

Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt, Johannes Mischlinger, Sabine Jordan, Mirjam Groger, Stephan Günther, Michael Ramharter. Ribavirin for the treatment of Lassa fever: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2019; 87 ():15-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt; Johannes Mischlinger; Sabine Jordan; Mirjam Groger; Stephan Günther; Michael Ramharter. 2019. "Ribavirin for the treatment of Lassa fever: A systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 87, no. : 15-20.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2019 in Emerging Infectious Diseases
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Lassa virus has been identified in 3 pygmy mice, Mus baoulei, in central Benin. The glycoprotein and nucleoprotein sequences cluster with the Togo strain. These mice may be a new reservoir for Lassa virus in Ghana, Togo, and Benin.

ACS Style

Anges Yadouleton; Achaz Agolinou; Fodé Kourouma; Raoul Saizonou; Meike Pahlmann; Sonia Kossou Bedié; Honoré Bankolé; Beate Becker-Ziaja; Fernand Gbaguidi; Anke Thielebein; N’Faly Magassouba; Sophie Duraffour; Jean-Pierre Baptiste; Stephan Günther; Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet. Lassa Virus in Pygmy Mice, Benin, 2016–2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2019, 25, 1977 -1979.

AMA Style

Anges Yadouleton, Achaz Agolinou, Fodé Kourouma, Raoul Saizonou, Meike Pahlmann, Sonia Kossou Bedié, Honoré Bankolé, Beate Becker-Ziaja, Fernand Gbaguidi, Anke Thielebein, N’Faly Magassouba, Sophie Duraffour, Jean-Pierre Baptiste, Stephan Günther, Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet. Lassa Virus in Pygmy Mice, Benin, 2016–2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2019; 25 (10):1977-1979.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anges Yadouleton; Achaz Agolinou; Fodé Kourouma; Raoul Saizonou; Meike Pahlmann; Sonia Kossou Bedié; Honoré Bankolé; Beate Becker-Ziaja; Fernand Gbaguidi; Anke Thielebein; N’Faly Magassouba; Sophie Duraffour; Jean-Pierre Baptiste; Stephan Günther; Elisabeth Fichet-Calvet. 2019. "Lassa Virus in Pygmy Mice, Benin, 2016–2017." Emerging Infectious Diseases 25, no. 10: 1977-1979.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Journal of General Virology
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Members of the family Arenaviridae produce enveloped virions containing genomes consisting of two or three single-stranded RNA segments totalling about 10.5 kb. Arenaviruses can infect mammals, including humans and other primates, snakes, and fish. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Arenaviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/arenaviridae.

ACS Style

Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Michael J. Buchmeier; Rémi N. Charrel; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Jean-Paul Gonzalez; Stephan Günther; Jussi Hepojoki; Jens H. Kuhn; Igor S. Lukashevich; Victor Romanowski; Maria S. Salvato; Manuela Sironi; Mark D. Stenglein; Juan Carlos De La Torre; ICTV Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Arenaviridae. Journal of General Virology 2019, 100, 1200 -1201.

AMA Style

Sheli R. Radoshitzky, Michael J. Buchmeier, Rémi N. Charrel, J. Christopher S. Clegg, Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Stephan Günther, Jussi Hepojoki, Jens H. Kuhn, Igor S. Lukashevich, Victor Romanowski, Maria S. Salvato, Manuela Sironi, Mark D. Stenglein, Juan Carlos De La Torre, ICTV Report Consortium. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Arenaviridae. Journal of General Virology. 2019; 100 (8):1200-1201.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Michael J. Buchmeier; Rémi N. Charrel; J. Christopher S. Clegg; Jean-Paul Gonzalez; Stephan Günther; Jussi Hepojoki; Jens H. Kuhn; Igor S. Lukashevich; Victor Romanowski; Maria S. Salvato; Manuela Sironi; Mark D. Stenglein; Juan Carlos De La Torre; ICTV Report Consortium. 2019. "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Arenaviridae." Journal of General Virology 100, no. 8: 1200-1201.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Emerging Infectious Diseases
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The positive outcomes observed support a conservative approach to disease management.

ACS Style

Sylvanus Okogbenin; Joseph Okoeguale; George Akpede; Andres Colubri; Kayla G. Barnes; Samar Mehta; Reuben Eifediyi; Felix Okogbo; Joseph Eigbefoh; Mojeed Momoh; Mojeed Rafiu; Donatus Adomeh; Ikponmwosa Odia; Chris Aire; Rebecca Atafo; Martha Okonofua; Meike Pahlman; Beate Becker-Ziaja; Danny Asogun; Peter Okokhere; Christian Happi; Stephan Günther; Pardis C. Sabeti; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon. Retrospective Cohort Study of Lassa Fever in Pregnancy, Southern Nigeria. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2019, 25, 1494 -1500.

AMA Style

Sylvanus Okogbenin, Joseph Okoeguale, George Akpede, Andres Colubri, Kayla G. Barnes, Samar Mehta, Reuben Eifediyi, Felix Okogbo, Joseph Eigbefoh, Mojeed Momoh, Mojeed Rafiu, Donatus Adomeh, Ikponmwosa Odia, Chris Aire, Rebecca Atafo, Martha Okonofua, Meike Pahlman, Beate Becker-Ziaja, Danny Asogun, Peter Okokhere, Christian Happi, Stephan Günther, Pardis C. Sabeti, Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon. Retrospective Cohort Study of Lassa Fever in Pregnancy, Southern Nigeria. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2019; 25 (8):1494-1500.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sylvanus Okogbenin; Joseph Okoeguale; George Akpede; Andres Colubri; Kayla G. Barnes; Samar Mehta; Reuben Eifediyi; Felix Okogbo; Joseph Eigbefoh; Mojeed Momoh; Mojeed Rafiu; Donatus Adomeh; Ikponmwosa Odia; Chris Aire; Rebecca Atafo; Martha Okonofua; Meike Pahlman; Beate Becker-Ziaja; Danny Asogun; Peter Okokhere; Christian Happi; Stephan Günther; Pardis C. Sabeti; Ephraim Ogbaini-Emovon. 2019. "Retrospective Cohort Study of Lassa Fever in Pregnancy, Southern Nigeria." Emerging Infectious Diseases 25, no. 8: 1494-1500.